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The aim of the present study was to perform a critical reflection about intervention options for bruxism reduction in children and adolescents. Search was conducted based on the PICO-structured question: "What are the intervention options to reduce bruxism in children/adolescents?". No language, year, or study design restrictions were imposed. Studies reporting interventions to reduce bruxism in children (< 10) and adolescents (10 to 19 years old) were included. Reviews and letters to editors were not included. From 2723 records, 17 papers were included. Included studies were primarily randomized clinical trials performed in Brazil (35.3%) and using different criteria for the diagnosis of bruxism. Reduction in self-reported bruxism and headaches associated with bruxism were observed in studies that used medications (hydroxyzine/trazodone/flurazepam), occlusal splints, orthodontic interventions, and psychological and physical therapy interventions. Reduction in Rhythmic Masticatory Muscle Activity was observed with the use of the occlusal splint and in orthodontic interventions. Alternative treatments (medicinal extracts such as Melissa officinalis-L) have shown inconclusive results.Conclusions: Several intervention options are available to inhibit or reduce bruxism activity. The respective indication, contraindications, and side effects of each treatment option must be assessed individually and carefully, taking into account that bruxism is not considered a disorder in otherwise healthy individuals.What is known• Biological and psychological factors have been strongly correlated to the development of bruxism• Bruxism prevalence ranging from 6 to 50% in childrenWhat is new• Reduction in self-reported bruxism and headaches associated with bruxism were observed in studies that used medication (Hydroxyzine/ Trazodone/ Flurazepam), occlusal splints, orthodontic interventions, psychological, and physical therapy interventions• A reduction in Rhythmic Masticatory Muscle Activity was observed with the use of the occlusal splint and orthodontic interventions. Alternative treatments (medicinal extracts such as Melissa officinalis L) show inconclusive results in respect of the reduction in bruxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper builds on a Cochrane-Campbell systematic review of interventions that reduce harms and promote reintegration in street-connected children and young people focusing on intervention outcomes. The aim of the present analysis is to explore questions raised in the systematic review over the potential role of service engagement in mediating outcomes of relevant interventions. Objective: The paper summarises engagement-related findings from quantitative intervention evaluations with street-connected populations of children and young people, as reported by study authors. It seeks to contribute to theoretical and methodological understandings of service engagement with street-connected youth populations and to highlight gaps in current knowledge. Methods: Drawing on the original search for the Cochrane-Campbell review, we re-screened search results in our database and included quantitative findings if relevant to our current research questions, regardless of study design. Additionally, we sought new study publications from authors whose work was included in the original systematic review. The discussion explores relevant data from five studies included in the original systematic review, ten studies excluded from the review, and two studies published after the completion of the review. Results: The measures of service engagement in the included studies focused on treatment attendance, 'level of engagement', and service satisfaction. Evidence on the impact of service engagement on other outcomes in interventions for street-connected children and young people was limited. Available data on the predictors and impact of service engagement were mixed and appear not to provide robust support for common hypotheses in the relevant context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review (1) identifies the current generic and cancer-related patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that have been cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and applied to cancer patients and (2) critically evaluates their cross-cultural adaptation (CCA) and measurement properties.Methods: Seven databases were searched for articles regarding the translation and evaluation of measurement properties of generic and cancer-related PROMs cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese that are applied in adult (≥18 years old) cancer patients. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the COSMIN checklist.Results: The bibliographic search retrieved 1674 hits, of which seven studies analysing eight instruments were included in this review. Data on the interpretability of scores were poorly reported. Overall, the quality of the CCA process was inconsistent throughout the studies. None of the included studies performed a cross-cultural validation. The evidence concerning the quality of measurement properties is limited by poor or fair methodological quality. Moreover, limited information regarding measurement properties was provided within the included papers.Conclusions: This review aids the selection process of Brazilian Portuguese PROMs for use in cancer patients. After acknowledging the methodological caveats and strengths of each tool, our opinion is that for quality of life and symptoms assessment the adapted FACT-G version and the ESAS could be recommended, respectively. Future research should rely on the already accepted standards of CCA and validation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The morphology of the spine is variable within a population, and its maintenance in appropriate values implies a decrease in the energy expended. We need to know their normal values in population. This study aims to carry out a literature review and evaluate published papers on spinopelvic parameters in a Brazilian population sample. Methods and population: Eleven potentially eligible papers were initially identified for inclusion in this review: three papers from PubMed and eight from Medicine. Out of these, only five papers contained methodology and relevant significance level, and therefore, they were included in the final analytical run. Discussion: According to a Brazilian study, Pratali mentions no significant difference in the average values of spinopelvic balance in the Brazilian population and those found in the literature; there was also no significant difference comparing Brazilian and Korean population; however, a difference was found in comparison with European population regarding PI parameters and SS, but the latter with higher values. According to Kulcheski (Column/Columna 12:224-227, ), the values of pelvic tilt in the Brazilian population evaluated in his research were 19° (10°-35°) and the sacral inclination was 38° (30°-55°), presenting similar values concerning the European population. In another Brazilian paper, Oliveira (Rev Bras Ort 49:189-193, ) reports that the research population had PI average of 45° (41.9°-48.1°). Conclusion: The values obtained are relatively minor when compared to the European population. However, all of these are within the normal margin considered in the worldwide literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, new anti-immigration policies and laws have emerged to address the migration of undocumented immigrants. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess and understand how these immigration policies and laws may affect both access to health services and health outcomes among undocumented immigrants. Eight databases were used to conduct this review, which returned 325 papers that were assessed for validity based on specified inclusion criteria. Forty critically appraised articles were selected for analysis; thirty articles related to access to health services, and ten related to health outcomes. The articles showed a direct relationship between anti-immigration policies and their effects on access to health services. In addition, as a result of these policies, undocumented immigrants were impacted by mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Action items were presented, including the promotion of cultural diversity training and the development of innovative strategies to support safety-net health care facilities serving vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menopause can be defined as the complete interruption of menstrual cycles. The period which precedes this event is termed climacteric. Improvements in medical-care have brought an increase in the life expectancy of people with disabilities and increased the number of women with disabilities who experience climacteric and menopause. The objective of this review was to analyze available data on the health care, health status and symptoms perceived by women with disabilities during the climacteric and menopause period. A search in the literature was performed considering nine electronic databases-Medline, Cinahl, Scielo, Lilacs, SportDiscus, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier and PsycInfo. The inclusion criteria were: (a) field study with the participation of climacteric and/or post-menopausal women with some kind of disability; (b) evaluation of the health conditions of the participating women, with the care taken in order to maintain their health during this period and/or the symptoms perceived during climacteric. Seventeen studies were selected. Specific characteristics of the climacteric and menopause process in disabled women were found in all the studies. This review highlights the necessity to create a questionnaire and evaluation methods for assessing the health status and healthcare, as well as the specific climacteric symptoms of women with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Frailty is characterized by a functioning decline in multiple systems accompanied by an increase in individual's vulnerability to stressors. It appears to be higher in low and middle-income countries compared with high-income ones. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of frailty in non-institutionalized Brazilian older adults. Design: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Setting: Cross-sectional and prospective data from Brazil. Participants: non-institutionalized adults aged 60 and older. Methods: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS and Web of Science, considering the studies published between March 2001 and July 2018, using a combination of the following terms and correlates: "elder" AND "frail" AND "prevalence" AND "Brazil". Two independent reviewers selected studies according to the inclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer (title/abstract) and by consensus. Studies with samples ≥221 subjects were considered for meta-analysis. Results: 28 studies were included, while 18 had the data meta-analyzed. The majority of studies (61%) included older adults only from the Southeastern region. The number of subjects ranged from 53 to 5,532 individuals (N = 17,604) and the average age ranged from 65.6 to 85.5 years. The overall prevalence of frailty was 24%. When considering the different assessment methods, the prevalence was lower for frailty phenotype (16%) compared with other criteria (40%). Regarding sex, the prevalence of frailty was similar for women (28%) and men (25%). The prevalence of frailty was higher in older adults recruited from health care services (30%) compared to community ones (22%). Conclusion: In Brazil, the overall prevalence of frailty in non-institutionalized older adults is higher than observed from more developed countries. However, it may vary according to the assessment methods and settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Systematic review.Objective: The purpose of the study was to identify and organize evidence regarding quality of life influenced by assistive technology related to computers for people with traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting: Distrito Federal, Brazil.Methods: A search strategy was conducted on the PubMed, PEDro, LILACS, PsycINFO, and SCIELO. All types of study designs considering assistive technology to improve quality of life for individuals with SCI were included. After search strategy procedures, ten references were included to review. The methodologic quality of each study was evaluated using the Level of Evidence proposed by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine.Results: Most of the studies showed that devices for computer access improve the quality of life of people with SCI, regardless of the level of injury and type of resource. However, the positive outcomes in the quality of life should be interpreted with caution, as several methodological limitations were observed in the articles.Conclusions: Despite the scarcity of studies and their methodological limitations, there is evidence that assistive technology for computer access favors the quality of life of people with tetraplegia due to SCI, since it improves participation, independence, and self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the factors that lead to the legalization and jurisdiction of health care by patients and health customers of the Unified Health System of Brazil, SUS.Subjects and methods: The legalization of health care is effective when the citizen searches for health care in health institutions without success. Thus, his or her last alternative is to seek legal resources. This is a systematic review of the PubMed database carried out in February, March and April 2017 using the integrated method and three searches. The eligibility criteria for the studies were being published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, working with humans and articles being available in the full version. Dissertations, letters to the author, editorials, current themes and free themes were excluded.Results: A total of 3338, 6 and 16 studies were found, respectively, in the first, second and third search. After refinement, there were 29 articles published between 2009 and 2016, of which 11 met the established criteria. The findings demonstrate that the population seeks the intervention of a legal system for access to medicine, treatment and therapy, medium and high complexity procedures and to obtain food formulas, supplies and medical hospital products.Conclusion: The factors that contributed to legalization were predominantly related to medications and being in agreement with the other studies in the literature, with emphasis on requests for vacancies in the unit/intensive care center with new determining factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrant and refugee women from diverse ethnic backgrounds encounter multiple barriers in accessing mental healthcare in various settings. A systematic review on the prevalence of mental health disorders among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) women in Australia documented the following barriers: logistical, language and communication, dissonance between participants and care providers and preference for alternative interventions. This article proposes recommendations for policies to better address the mental health needs of immigrant and refugee women. Key policy recommendations include: support for gender specific research, implementation and evaluation of transcultural policies, cultural responsiveness in service delivery, review of immigration and refugee claims policies and social integration of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although an increasing number of HIV infected people are accessing antiretroviral treatment, many do not achieve complete HIV viral suppression and remain at risk for AIDS and capable of HIV transmission. Food insecurity has been identified as a potential risk factor for poor virologic response, but the association between these factors has been inconsistently documented in the literature. We systematically searched five electronic databases and bibliographies of relevant studies through April 2015 and retrieved 11 studies that met our inclusion criteria, of which nine studies were conducted in North America and the remaining two studies were in Brazil and Uganda respectively. Meta-analyzed results indicated that experiencing food insecurity resulted in 29% lower odds of achieving complete HIV viral suppression (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.61-0.82) and this significant inverse association was consistently found regardless of study design, exposure measurement, and confounder adjustment methods. These findings suggest that food insecurity is a potential risk factor for incomplete HIV viral suppression in people living with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]