1. Chloroplasts— Beyond Energy Capture and Carbon Fixation: Tuning of Photosynthesis in Response to Chilling Stress
- Author
-
Rongbai Li, Fang Liu, Shaokui Wang, Jijing Luo, and Ping Gan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Chloroplasts ,regulatory response ,Review ,Viridiplantae ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Crop productivity ,Redox ,Catalysis ,Carbon Cycle ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Stress (mechanics) ,03 medical and health sciences ,chloroplast ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Stress, Physiological ,Organelle ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Plant Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,photosynthesis ,redox homeostasis ,hormones ,Organic Chemistry ,Carbon fixation ,fungi ,chilling stress ,food and beverages ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,General Medicine ,Computer Science Applications ,Chloroplast ,Cold Temperature ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,Biophysics ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
As organelles for photosynthesis in green plants, chloroplasts play a vital role in solar energy capture and carbon fixation. The maintenance of normal chloroplast physiological functions is essential for plant growth and development. Low temperature is an adverse environmental stress that affects crop productivity. Low temperature severely affects the growth and development of plants, especially photosynthesis. To date, many studies have reported that chloroplasts are not only just organelles of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts can also perceive chilling stress signals via membranes and photoreceptors, and they maintain their homeostasis and promote photosynthesis by regulating the state of lipid membranes, the abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins, the activity of enzymes, the redox state, and the balance of hormones and by releasing retrograde signals, thus improving plant resistance to low temperatures. This review focused on the potential functions of chloroplasts in fine tuning photosynthesis processes under low-temperature stress by perceiving stress signals, modulating the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, and scavenging excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts to survive the adverse environment.
- Published
- 2019