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This edited book aims to bring out a comprehensive collection of information on tree biology, breeding, improvement, genetics, and biotechnology. The focus of this book is to address the status of tree biology research through biotechnological, physiological, pathological, and entomological aspects. Trees are dominant and perennial species found in several ecosystems. They are the only piece of infrastructure that gains value over time. Their economic relevance is well known in terms of the production of food, feed, fodder, fuel, timber, and other products. Trees are well-known habitats for different organisms. They also deliver various ecosystem services, including temperature regulation, mitigation of soil erosion, and managing and filtering rainwater. Tree species are versatile and are capable of providing livelihood security to people, besides several other advantages. In the era of high population growth and increasing pressure on agricultural systems, efficient management of tree resources is the need of the time. Therefore, it is essential to understand tree biology, breeding, and improvement. This book comprises information on various aspects of tree breeding, biology, genetics, and research in the improvement of tree species. Applications of tissue culture, biotechnological approaches, tree health management, insect pest management, and nutrient recycling have been covered in the book, along with some chapters on case studies from Rajasthan and Africa. This book is a useful read for agricultural students, researchers, teachers, and professionals interested in the fields of agroforestry, horticulture, silviculture, and tree improvement.

Gardening and horticulture generally are essentially practical activities much enhanced by an understanding of how plants grow. This colourful guide will introduce you to the fundamentals of horticulture. It is written in a clear and accessible style and covers the principles that underpin growing plants for the garden and allotment, with reference to how these are tackled by professionals.With highlighted definitions, key points and illustrations in full colour, this book will be a useful companion as you progress in the study and practice of horticulture. The book covers topics such as classifying and naming plants, the plant life cycle, ecology and garden wildlife, soils, composts, hydroponics, weeds, plant nutrition, plant pests, and plant diseases and disorders. The new edition has been updated to reflect changes in legislation and the modernization of horticultural practices. It is also fully reflective of the changes in the new syllabuses for horticulture at Level 2.Principles of Horticulture is a valuable resource whether you are taking a Level 2 RHS, City and Guilds, Teagasc or SNQ course, or are a keen amateur or seasoned gardener.The book is accompanied by ancillary materials including essential and extended information on horticultural principles and downloadable instructor resources.

This book provides a comprehensive examination of the role of Bacillus bacteria in aquaculture, particularly focusing on finfish and shellfish. It begins with foundational chapters on the anatomy and physiology of these aquatic species, their immune systems, and the biology of Bacillus bacteria. The book discusses the specific interactions between Bacillus and the gastrointestinal tracts of fish and shellfish, examining the production and effects of Bacillus-derived exoenzymes and bacteriocins and their role in enhancing aquatic animal health and water quality. Additionally, the book covers the role of Bacillus in bioremediation, particularly in improving water quality, which is a significant concern in aquaculture. The latter sections delve into the application of Bacillus as probiotics and paraprobiotics in fish and shellfish culture, their integration in feed biotechnology, and a critical evaluation of their safety. The book concludes with a critical discussion on the safety and regulatory aspects of using Bacillus in aquaculture.This book is intended for professionals and practitioners in the aquaculture industry and researchers, academicians, and students in the fields of microbiology, marine biology, aquaculture, and veterinary medicine.

Biorationals or biopesticides are pest control agents of biological origin. Biopesticides are emerging alternatives to harmful chemical pest control agents. The book provides essential information on botanical, biological originated insecticidal, herbicidal, fungicidal, nematicidal agents, insect growth hormones, insect pheromones and plant growth regulators. It will help researchers and students to develop new strategies for pest management.

As the first book to examine the origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Europe and Asia as a whole, this major contribution should be essential reading for archaeologists, anthropologists, biologists and geographers. Adopting a novel approach to the subject, the authors examine it first in terms of seven different disciplinary perspectives: social, ecological, genetic, linguistic, biomolecular, epidemiological and geogrpahical. Then, 20 case studies are presented, which are based primarily on archaeological and biological evidence and which relate to three major regions: Southwest Asia, Europe and Central Asia to the Pacific. The book concludes with an overview of Eurasia as a whole.; The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture had revolutionary consequences for human society. It led to the emergence of urban civilizations and ultimately to humanity's almost complete dependence on relatively few domesticated animals and plants. The subject has been much studied, but the results have tended to be interpreted largely in terms of local cultural sequences, with insufficient comparison made with evidence from other areas. In contrast, this book provides a continental- scale framework, with its scope extended to pastoralism because in Eurasia both the raising of livestock and the cultivation of crops were integral components of the agricultural'revolution'from its inception some 10,000 years ago.; Comprehensive and authoritative,'The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia'should appeal strongly to the wide readership of students and specialists concerned with the prehistoric antecedents of modern civilization.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are biocontrol agents that are used to control a wide variety of insect pests within agriculture and forestry. In addition to their use as bio-pesticides, EPNs have a fascinating biology and are thus considered model organisms in ecology, symbiosis and pathogenesis. This book presents basic knowledge and diverse applications to illustrate how EPNs play an important role as potent biocontrol solutions. It describes: Fundamental concepts such as biology, taxonomy, symbiosis genomics and behavioural ecology. Aspects of commercialization, including mass production, formulation, safety and regulation, and marketing. Diverse cropping systems e.g. maize, wheat and grains, citrus, orchard systems, berries, vine crops, vegetables and turf. Other applications including urban, nursery, forestry, greenhouse, veterinary and medical. Ecological considerations and applications in conservation biocontrol. This book is a must have for all pest management professionals including those practicing integrated pest management strategies.

High Park, at Blenheim in Oxfordshire UK, is a SSSI of great significance for its numerous ancient oaks and the organisms associated with these trees. This book gives a detailed, lavishly illustrated and thoroughly researched description of the biodiversity and natural history of what is by several measures the most significant site for ancient oaks in Europe. It draws together the expertise of more 60 specialists, and reports on the results of in-depth surveys of High Park. Chapters cover different groups, including: flora (including bryophytes), fungi, lichens, molluscs, arachnids, flies, hymenoptera, butterflies, moths, beetles – with a special focus on saproxylic species, bugs, reptiles and amphibians, birds and mammals. Despite their undoubted importance, very few sites with ancient oaks in England, the most important European country for these magnificent trees, have seen a comprehensive published account, adding to the value of this study. Several of the contributing authors describe their survey techniques in some detail, some of which are not widely known. Records are analysed in the various chapters and often compared with data from other similar sites. Overall, the book gives encouraging evidence of the great biodiversity still to be found in England, and should help to stimulate similar efforts to uncover the biodiversity and describe the natural history of ancient parkland and woodland, so that conservation of these sites can be based on firm scientific data.

This book reports on innovative research and developments in the field of environmental protection from the influence of human activities, spanning a wide range of disciplines, including urban environmental development, resources and environment engineering, green technology, and technology potential for environmental management 4.0. Based on the International Russian Conference on Ecology and Environmental Engineering, held on March 25–28, 2024, in Sochi, Russia, the book provides academics and professionals with a timely overview of and extensive information on the state of the art in the field of industrial ecology, ecology of urban infrastructure, and environmental protection and fosters new ideas and collaborations between groups in different countries.

This book explains how the wing colours and patterns have evolved to protect all butterflies and moths against predation. Central to this explanation is the understanding that creatures which prey on insects see colours and objects in a different way to us. They see a wider variety of colours, including ultraviolet (to which are blind) and respond to subtle cues that we do not easily recognise. It shows that if we adjust our perceptions and look for these cues, we can identify features of a range of dangerous animals - snakes, spiders, hornets, bats teeth, claws, and eyes of hawks and owls - that can trigger alarm in any prospective predator. In Butterfly Wings, the author has updated his own exciting theories with more scientific evidence and amazing examples of mimicry, adding more information about British species and those you can see in Butterfly Houses.

An absorbing celebration of the ecology, biology and cultural history of the rich hedgerow heritage in the British Isles.Much of the UK is intensively farmed, and in such landscapes hedges are often the only refuge for wildlife. In addition to providing shelter, protection and food for animals, they also connect and bind together the patches of habitat that do remain, as well as playing vital roles in soil conservation and flood prevention – in short, they are vital for nature's recovery.In Hedges, Robert Wolton brings together decades of research, while also incorporating personal experiences from his farm in Devon, to explore the ecology, nature conservation and wider environmental values of our hedges. From improving water quality and producing wood fuel as a renewable energy source to the use of hedges in boosting crop pollination, this engaging and authoritative book will help to inspire people to value and look after the remarkably rich hedgerow heritage we have in the British Isles.Containing more than 300 photographs and figures, this latest addition to the British Wildlife Collection is a comprehensive commentary on hedges and our relationship with them.

Pests cause damage to the economic value of crops and stored products, while vectors are responsible for the transmission of disease-causing agents in human beings and livestock. Although application of synthetic pesticides in agriculture gives immediate relief, it also causes well-known side effects, leading to a consensus among entomologists and agriculturists to shift towards other ecofriendly pest management methods. Natural enemies of insects including their predators, parasitoids and pathogens have attracted the attention of scientists across the globe. These natural enemies exist in agroecosystems and suppress the populations of pests. Parasitoids are farmers'friends and the most successful group of natural enemies. Highly specialized/generalized in their prey choice, active stages of predators search for a suitable prey, attack or kill the prey and consume prey within a short handling time. Predatory ability is known to increase with increase in prey density. A single predator may devour several prey individuals. Exploiting this potency of parasitoids may yield successful results in controlling notorious pests in an ecofriendly way.This book provides information on the important biocontrol agents that are effective in pest suppression. It starts with insect parasitic groups followed by specific group of parasitoids. It is hoped that the book presents a comprehensive account of beneficial parasitoids and will be useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students of Entomology, Biological Control, Plant Protection, Agricultural Zoology and Zoology, besides those involved in competitive examinations and policy planning.Features Each chapter has been authored by specialized senior professionals Every chapter contains Learning Objectives and Points to Remember This book offers comprehensive knowledge of parasitoids and their application in pest management in a lucid way

The present volume presents a detailed account of the taxonomy, biology and distribution of the European species of Siphonini. This group of tachinid Diptera totals 58 species in Europe of which 6 are here described as new to science. In most species, the immatures live as endoparasitolds of lepidopterous larvae, but a few species even attack tipulid larvae. Several species of Siphonini are of great economic interest as agents for the control of lepidopterous and tipulid pests in agriculture and forestry.An analysis and proposal on the systematic position of the Siphonini is given together with a key to larger taxonomic entities of Tachinidae. The generic classification is also critically emphasized. A separate chapter summarizes aspects of the group's natural history: life-cycles, mating behaviour, oviposition strategies, etc. The taxonomic part contains identification keys to genera and species, and for each species a diagnosis, a description and accounts on the nomenclature, biology and distribution is given. A separate catalogue details the provincial distribution of the 47 species occurring in Fennoscandia and Danmark. No less than 275 line drawings and 15 colour illustrations accompany the text.

This book is exploring molecular insight of plant disease resistance, enhancing plant immunity as well as the latest omics or approaches in plant disease management. In the recent past, microbial strains or products frequently utilized to inhibit the growth of phytopathogen and disease management. However, it is well known that plants respond to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses by morphological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. But still there is much more to study about their molecular aspect of interaction between host- pathogens- biocontrol agents that will be helpful in formulation and applications of microbial antagonistic for effective management of phytopathogens. This book attempt to fill this gap in the literature. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, agronomist, horticulturalist scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, microbiology, environment science.

This book deals with the influence of solar activity and its terrestrial effects in connection with the light trapping of insects. It examines issues such as the interplanetary magnetic field, ionospheric disturbances, tropopause, geomagnetic field, ground-level disturbances, tropospheric ozone content, and twilights phenomena, among others. Bringing together data from a huge amount of moths from Hungary, Australia, and the USA, it demonstrates that the role of the Sun has a multifaceted effect on the flight activity of moths, an unprecedented finding in the literature. The book will appeal to special libraries, research institutes, university departments, entomological societies, and entomologists.

An ambitious and beautifully illustrated account of the evolution and biology of insects.Insects are the busy, teeming arthropods on whose activities much of life on earth depends, and whose global populations are currently under the gravest of threats – with unimaginable consequences for us all.In Alien Worlds, Steve Nicholls explores nothing less than a complete natural history of insects, bringing us on a journey through a world of a million species and their phenomenal and extraordinary diversity.A fantastically authoritative and congenial guide, led by a fluent and entertaining writer with the ability to make complex ideas comprehensible, it is not only a feast for the curious mind but also contains beautiful and visually arresting imagery of the tiny beasts whom we depend on greatly.

This book was first published in 1991 and was well received by students, teachers and researchers in many universities and institutes in India and abroad. In the past 28 years (since its first publication), tremendous progress have been made in temperate fruit research, notably in developing varieties and rootstocks, canopy management, understanding the flowering physiology, storage technology, biological control of pests and diseases, resistance breeding, biotechnology, etc., Revision of the book with updated information was considered necessary. In the process of a comprehensive literature survey it was felt impossible to compile all the information in one volume. This enlarged edition on temperate fruits is, therefore, published in tow volumes. The first volume consists of pome and stone fruits (apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots and cherries) in more than 550 pages. The second volume deals with temperate nuts and berries (almonds, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnut, strawberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blueberries and cranberries) in about 650 pages. Apart from through revision with updated scientific information on various aspects of mentioned pome, stone, nuts and berries, substantial reorganization of the text has been made. Emphasis has been laid to include released cultivars and rootstocks, recent trends in propagation and orchard management, pruning and canopy management, nutrition and tissue analysis, water management, improved technology for harvesting, postharvest handling, storage and ripening. Special emphasis has been laid to include the development in breeding and improvement through biotechnological approaches like molecular markers, genetic transformation, genetic map and microbes for N and P input. Other information like organic production technology, protected cultivation and impact of climate change are included, where sufficient information is available. Though the subject is vast, this two volumes book presents the concepts in a condensed, informative and lucid manner. It will be immense help to the students, teachers and researchers of horticulture, plant science, plant physiology and plant protection.

This book was first published in 1991 and was well received by students, teachers and researchers in many universities and institutes in India and abroad. In the past 28 years (since its first publication), tremendous progress have been made in temperate fruit research, notably in developing varieties and rootstocks, canopy management, understanding the flowering physiology, storage technology, biological control of pests and diseases, resistance breeding, biotechnology, etc., Revision of the book with updated information was considered necessary. In the process of a comprehensive literature survey it was felt impossible to compile all the information in one volume. This enlarged edition on temperate fruits is, therefore, published in tow volumes. The first volume consists of pome and stone fruits (apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots and cherries) in more than 550 pages. The second volume deals with temperate nuts and berries (almonds, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnut, strawberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blueberries and cranberries) in about 650 pages. Apart from through revision with updated scientific information on various aspects of mentioned pome, stone, nuts and berries, substantial reorganization of the text has been made. Emphasis has been laid to include released cultivars and rootstocks, recent trends in propagation and orchard management, pruning and canopy management, nutrition and tissue analysis, water management, improved technology for harvesting, postharvest handling, storage and ripening. Special emphasis has been laid to include the development in breeding and improvement through biotechnological approaches like molecular markers, genetic transformation, genetic map and microbes for N and P input. Other information like organic production technology, protected cultivation and impact of climate change are included, where sufficient information is available. Though the subject is vast, this two volumes book presents the concepts in a condensed, informative and lucid manner. It will be immense help to the students, teachers and researchers of horticulture, plant science, plant physiology and plant protection.

Braconidae of the Middle East (Hymenoptera): Taxonomy, Distribution, Biology, and Biocontrol Benefits of Parasitoid Wasps provides the latest and most comprehensive knowledge of parasitoid wasp species. The highest concentration of these species is native to, or found in, the Middle East. This book covers the distribution of these species across the Palearctic region and their widespread global benefits as natural biocontrol agents. Each chapter covers a braconid subfamily, providing introductory information on its biology and phylogeny, total number of species, global distribution, and how they can be used to control pests and invasive insect species. In addition, this book discusses the importance of integrated pest management, specifically how Braconidae can be used for one-time or repeated introduction to natural enemies in suppressing pest populations. Finally, each chapter offers an illustrative key for readers to visualize and identify each species. - Offers braconid taxonomy, biology, phylogeny and host-parasitoid relationships - Provides illustrated identification keys to visualize and identify each species - Includes global distribution of braconids in other regions - Discusses braconid benefits as natural biocontrol agents

A richly illustrated look at the natural history of mothsMoths are among the most underappreciated insects on the planet, yet they make up the majority of some 180,000 known species of Lepidoptera. Filled with striking images, The Lives of Moths looks at the remarkable world of these amazing and beautiful creatures.While butterflies may get more press than moths, Andrei Sourakov and Rachel Warren Chadd reveal that the lopsided attention is unjust. Moths evolved long before butterflies, and their importance cannot be overestimated. From the tiniest leaf miners to exotic hawk moths that are two hundred to three hundred times larger, these creatures are often crucial pollinators of flowers, including many that bloom at night or in twilight. The authors show that moths and their larvae are the main food source for thousands of animal species, and interact with other insect, plant, and vertebrate communities in ecosystems around the world, from tropical forests and alpine meadows to deserts and wetlands. The authors also explore such topics as evolution, life cycles, methods of communication, and links to humans.A feast of remarkable facts and details, The Lives of Moths will appeal to insect lovers everywhere.

The book entitled'Biopesticides in Organic Farming : Recent Advances', describes critically reviewed, key aspects of organic farming and provides a unique and timely science-based resource for researchers, teachers, extension workers, students, primary producers and others around the world. This book is intended to be a unique and indispensable resource that offers a diverse range of valuable information and perspectives on biopesticides in organic agriculture. It has chapters on each and every aspect related with biopesticides in organic farming which are compiled by researchers and eminent professors at various universities across the globe. The wide spectrum information in various chapters with the addition of the terms related to organic farming and concept statements is presented in very concise manner.Features: This book is designed, as per course curriculum of different universities offering courses on Organic Farming, for undergraduate and post graduate students, researchers, university professors and extension workers. The first section provides, Overview of organic farming with special reference to biopesticides followed by the Principles of the applications of biopesticides in organic farming, Impact of Environmental factors on biopesticides in organic farming, Pesticides Exposure Impacts on Health and Need of Biopesticides in Organic Farming, and Role of nutrients in the management of crop diseases through biopesticides. The next section deals with the management of various crop diseases through biopesticides of bacterial, fungal, viral, and Insect sex hormone, Natural enemies and Integrated Pest Management, Biotechnological Trends in Insect Pests Control Strategy, Challenges in the popularization of Biopesticides in organic farming, Certification process and standards of organic farming and Marketing and export potential of organic Products. Information presented in an accessible way for students, professors, researchers, business innovators and entrepreneurs, management professionals and practitioners.

The Flowering of Ecology presents an English translation of Maria Sibylla Merian's 1679 ‘caterpillar'book, Der Raupen wunderbare Verwandelung und sonderbare Blumen–Nahrung. Her processes in making the book and an analysis of its scientific content are presented in a historical context. Merian raised insects for five decades, recording the food plants, behavior and ecology of roughly 300 species. Her most influential invention was an'ecological'composition in which the metamorphic cycles of insects (usually moths and butterflies) were arrayed around plants that served as food for the caterpillars. Kay Etheridge analyzes the 1679 caterpillar book from the viewpoint of a biologist, arguing that Merian's study of insect interactions with plants, the first of its kind, was a formative contribution to natural history. Read Kay Etheridge's blogpost on “Art Herstory”. See inside the book.

A stunning new edition of the best-selling photographic guide to the moths of the British Isles – now covering all British species.British and Irish Moths is the most comprehensive collection of photographs of British moths ever published. It covers both macro and micro species, and almost all the images are all of living insects, taken in natural conditions. Concise text descriptions cover wingspan, status and distribution, flight period, habitat and larval foodplants, while thumbnail maps provide a quick overview of geographical distributions.This third edition has been significantly expanded so that it includes all species on the British list, approximately 2,500 in total, representing a magnificent achievement by the author, Chris Manley. It also includes updates to the text, improvements to the photographic selection, and extra identification hints. For the leaf-mining micros, photographs are included to demonstrate the all-important feeding signs that can often be a more reliable identification method than seeing the adult.This revised and now comprehensive edition is an essential part of the library of any moth enthusiast.

The search for new strategies of pest control with safer molecules is currently of great importance and interest. Microbe-mediated biological crop protection is an attractive and promising technology with no concern for a negative impact on the environment and biodiversity. Microbial hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, chitinases, lipases, etc. are attractive for this purpose. They present toxic properties and act synergistically to control pest attacks. Also, some metabolites, that microorganisms produce for their survival or defense, can be explored and exploited for plant protection. The focus of this Volume is on the potential of microbial hydrolytic enzymes and their metabolites in agroecosystem functioning. Subsequent chapters review topics such as microbial hydrolytic enzymes as powerful management tools, chitinases in IPM of agro-horticultural crops, metabolites as pesticides and the importance of the metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi, metabolites and virulence factors. Other topicas include: microbial-based nanoparticles, recombinant DNA technologies to improve the efficacy of microbial insecticides, the effects of entomopathogens on insect predators and parasitoids, and the management of major vegetable insect pests. This Volume provides detailed accounts on the safe use of microbial products for sustainable management of insect pests. Its aim is to build solid foundations for the students, teachers, and researchers interested in eco-friendly management of important insect crop pests.

Forest Microbiology, Volume One: Tree Microbiome: Phyllosphere, Endosphere and Rhizosphere places an emphasis on the microbiology of leaves, needles, stems, roots, litter and soil. This comprehensive title is split into five sections, including the phyllosphere microbiome, endosphere, rhizosphere, archaea, viruses in forest ecosystem and microbiota of forest nurseries and tree pests, challenges and potentials. Microbial communities associated with various host trees and different tree tissues are compared, and generalists and specialists among tree-associated microbes are identified. In addition, biotic and abiotic factors determining the composition and the structure of forest tree microbial communities are presented, along with the concept of microbial'hubs.'Together, the book's editors have 25 years'worth of experience teaching and conducting research on forest microbiology, making this an essential read for any scientist interested in the forest microbiome. - Addresses the microbiology of living organs of forest trees including needles, leaves, stems and roots - Highlights the potential impact of microbiota inhabiting forest trees on the health and fitness of, and disease progression in, forest biomes - Focuses on the phyllosphere, endosphere and rhizosphere forest microbiome

The book covers the life history and control of over 200 species of harmful insects present in the Mediterranean Basin, and the information provided may also apply to other areas with a Mediterranean or subtropical climate, such as in areas of North and South America, southern Africa, Asia and Australia. The over 400 colour photographs gathered here will help the reader identify many of the cited species of insects.

Microbial Pesticides: Biological Resources, Production and Application provides a concise and accessible introduction on the history of microbial pesticides, their impact on global ecology, human society and economies, as well as a thorough and tangible description of the state-of-the-art technologies available for the production, application, limitations and long–term viability of these bio-products. Information is listed per biological group (i.e., virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microsporidia and microbial metabolites), and is supported by sound scientific data. The book is copiously illustrated, with original pictures clarifying the most common techniques and protocols utilized in microbiological biocontrol technology. Finally, images of all biological active ingredients currently used in commercially produced formulations, as well as laboratory developed formulations, are illustrated and listed in detailed tables for prompt access. - Provides a concise and accessible introduction to the history of microbial pesticides and their impact on global ecology, human society and economies - Offers a thorough and tangible description of state-of-the-art technologies surrounding the production, application, limitations and long-term viability of bio-products - Reports current regulatory measures and protocols used to assess host range and collateral impact(s) of microbial formulations based on virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microsporidia and microbial metabolites - Features lists by biological group (i.e., virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microsporidia and microbial metabolites) - Links sound scientific data and concise, accessible language

The go-to photographic guide to Britain and Ireland's insectsBritain's Insects is an innovative, up-to-date, carefully designed and beautifully illustrated field guide to Britain and Ireland's twenty-five insect orders, concentrating on popular groups and species that can be identified in the field. Featuring superb photographs of live insects, the guide covers the key aspects of identification and provides information on status, distribution, seasonality, habitat, food plants and behaviour. It also offers insight into the life history of the various insect groups, many of which are truly amazing. This is the go-to guide for entomologists, naturalists, gardeners, wildlife photographers and anyone else interested in insects, whatever their level of knowledge.More than 2,600 stunning photographs, carefully selected to show key identification featuresPhoto guides to every insect order, covering 316 families and almost 850 generaCovers 1,653 species, of which 1,476 are illustratedDesigned to allow easy, accurate comparison of similar speciesUp-to-date distribution maps and charts summarizing adult seasonalityQR codes that link to sound recordings of grasshoppers and cricketsInformation on photographing and recording insects to help conservation

This book brings together specialized information on modern aspects of applied microbiology in pest management. In the last few decades, the humans have witnessed major advancements in Life Sciences, as a result several new and powerful tools and techniques have evolved. This has led to great advancements in microbial nutrition, genetics and their application in different fields. In modern era of biotechnology, the microbes have provided solutions to many of the human problems and necessities and thus serve as human and farmers'friends. The microbes have proved to be successful tools for the pest management. Similarly, there has been much advancement in the field of molecular biology, where many more techniques have evolved which can be helpful in the field of pest management too. Plant resistance, development of transgenic plants, and many more techniques are being considered the panacea to pest problems. On the other hand, there are wide spread concerns of the safety of these microbial and biotechnological interventions with nontarget organisms including humans. While the world stands divided on the ethical issues of these approaches and the many safety concerns, scientists believe that well thought of microbial and biotechnological interventions are probably the only safest ways possible for reducing pest attacks on crops. This is useful read for postgraduate students and teachers, plant protection practioners across the world and also useful for policy planners.

This richly illustrated book provides an overview of all known Dutch and Flemish artists up to the nineteenth century who painted or drew flower pieces, or else made prints of them. Unlike many mainstream art historical studies, the book takes a truly comprehensive approach, including cases where only a single example is known or even if nothing of the artist's other work appears to have survived. Containing highly instructive lists identifying the names of flowers, as well as insects and other animals, the book also discusses the earliest depictions of flower still life and the distinctive characteristics behind the development of floral arrangements in different periods, including the variation of the flowers, the variety of techniques used by artists, as well as an exploration of the symbolism behind the numerous plant and animal species this form of art portrays. Composed in Dutch, the text was translated into English by Judith Deitch and edited by Philip Kelleway. Publication of this book was made possible thanks to generous support of: • Dr. med. Bettina Leysen • Rose-Marie and Eijk van Otterloo and the Center for Netherlandish Art at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston With additional support of the M.A.O.C. Gravin van Bylandt Stichting. See inside the book.

'A much-needed guide – you can't truly understand a moth or a butterfly without first getting to know the caterpillar.'– Nick BakerThis beautifully illustrated field guide covers caterpillars of the moth and butterfly species that are most likely to be encountered in the British Isles. The comprehensive introduction covers how to study caterpillars and provides a window into their diverse natural histories, while the species accounts cover status, field characters, similar species, habitat, foodplant and field notes, and are accompanied with up-to-date distribution maps.

This book contains seven chapters. Introductory on History, importance and scope of aromatic plants deals with the importance of aromatic crops and their close association with human health and beauty care from time immemorial. History of development of cultivation and aroma based industries in different regions of the world is described to emphasize their significance, scope and role in increasing the quality of human life. Classification of aromatic plants based on their climatic requirement, growth habit and floral morphology elaborated in succeeding will be of great interest to students, researchers and farmers. on Extraction of aroma principles describes traditional as well as modern techniques employed for efficient extraction of volatile oils and oleo-resins from different plants materials and equipments employed for the purpose. Quality of oil is found to vary significantly with ecotypes, season, time of collection, crop maturity and weather conditions prevailing during the growth period, extraction method and duration of extraction process. Conditions and duration of storage also have a bearing on quality of essential oil. This necessitates development and imposition of appropriate quality standards in trade. These aspects are covered in fourth on Quality assurance of essential oils. Aromatic oils & their derivatives and combinations occupy a covetable position in holistic medicines such as aromatherapy. on Aromatherapy details the use of essential oils in human health care, techniques employed, aromatherapy message, aromatic bath, facial care, hair care etc. Information on aromatic oils vide spread application to relieve stress and rejuvenate body are also included. Sixth and seventh s deal with major and other sources of aromatic oils. Under major sources, 17 aromatic crops and under other sources, 25 crops and discussed in detail. These s include the common name, botanical name and synonyms if any and family, vernacular names, importance and uses, habitat and distribution, agro technology, soil, climate, season, land preparation, planting, seed rate and spacing manurial and fertilizer recommendation, irrigation, weed control, pest control, harvest, propagation techniques, herbal yield, extraction and utilization, oil recovery, oil composition, properties of oil, storage requirements etc.

Toxic substances threatens aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and ultimately human health. The book is a thoughtful effort in bringing forth the role of biotechnology for bioremediation and restoration of the ecosystems degraded by toxic and heavy metal pollution. The introductory chapters of the book deal with the understanding of the issues concerned with the pollution caused by toxic elements and heavy metals and their impacts on the different ecosystems followed by the techniques involved in monitoring of the pollution. These techniques include use of bio-indicators as well as modern techniques for the assessment and monitoring of toxicants in the environment. Detailed chapters discussing the role of microbial biota, aquatic plants, terrestrial plants to enhance the accumulation efficiency of these toxic and heavy metals are followed by remediation techniques involving myco-remediation, bio-pesticides, bio-fertilizers, phyto-remediation and rhizo-filtration. A sizable portion ofthe book has been dedicated to the advanced bio-remediation techniques which are finding their way from the laboratory to the field for revival of the degraded ecosystems. These involve bio-films, micro-algae, genetically modified plants and filter feeders. Furthermore, the book is a detailed comprehensive account for the treatment technologies from unsustainable to sustainable. We believe academicians, researchers and students will find this book informative as a complete reference for biotechnological intervention for sustainable treatment of pollution.

'A remarkable field guide... one of those books that come along every now and then and cause a revolution.'- Michael McCarthy, IndependentThis concise guide is a companion to the main Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland by the same expert authors, but is in a condensed form with artwork opposite the species descriptions and lay-flat binding for ease of use in the field.It includes brief but comprehensive field descriptions of all the macro-moths in Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, and this second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the latest advances in taxonomy.Featuring more than 1,700 superbly detailed colour artworks and covering nearly 900 species, this portable guide is an essential addition to every moth-lover's field kit.

A unique collection of concise but detailed information on 10,000 animals, plants, fungi and algae of the British Isles. Every species with an English common name is included. The compendium is in two parts. The first, smaller part, looks at various terms that people interested in natural history may come across. The second provides information on individual species or species groups, with entries on those with English (common) names, as well as selected families, orders, classes, etc. In the case of marine organisms, entries are given for intertidal and subtidal invertebrate species, and generally speaking for fish species that might be observed inshore. Indication is often given on distribution as well as whether a species is common, scarce or something in between. For some species a note is made of population size and trends. Comments are made where appropriate on etymology, both of the English name and the binomial. No other natural history dictionary or cognate publication relating to the British Isles is as comprehensive in taxonomic cover.

'The definitive go-to wildlife guide for all 16 million British gardens.'– Mike DilgerEven the smallest garden can be an important haven for wildlife, and this authoritative guide enables everyone to explore this wealth on their back doorstep. It covers all the main animal groups – including pond life – likely to be found in a garden in Great Britain and Ireland.Detailed descriptions and information on life history, behaviour and occurrence are provided for more than 500 species, as well as practical information on creating a pond for wildlife, making nestboxes and feeding birds. Richard Lewington, acknowledged as one of the finest natural history artists in Europe, has teamed up with his brother Ian, one of our most respected bird artists, to provide nearly 1,000 superbly detailed colour artworks to complement the text.Presented in an accessible, easy-to-use format, this fully updated and expanded edition covers everything from blue tits to bumblebees and hedgehogs to hawkmoths.

This volume comprehensively reviews recent advances in our understanding of the diversity of microbes in various types of terrestrial ecosystems, such as caves, deserts and cultivated fields. It is written by leading experts, and highlights the culturable microbes identified using conventional approaches, as well as non-culturable ones unveiled with metagenomic and microbiomic approaches. It discusses the role of microbes in ecosystem sustainability and their potential biotechnological applications. The book further discusses the diversity and utility of ectomycorrhizal and entomopathogenic fungi and yeasts that dwell on grapes, it examines the biotechnological applications of specific microbes such as lichens, xylan- and cellulose-saccharifying bacteria and archaea, chitinolytic bacteria, methanogenic archaea and pathogenic yeasts.

CHOICE Highly recommended 2020Insects are key components of life on our planet, and their presence is essential for maintaining balanced terrestrial ecosystems. Without insects humans would struggle to survive, and on a world scale food production would be severely compromised. Many plants and animals depend directly or indirectly on insects for their very survival, and this is particularly so in the case of insectivorous birds and other such creatures. The beneficial role of insects is often overlooked or misunderstood, and in farming circles their very presence on crops is often seen to be unwelcome. In reality, however, many insects are genuinely beneficial, as in the case of parasitic and predacious species. The use of chemical pesticides to control crop pests is becoming more tightly regulated and environmentally undesirable, and low-input farming, in which natural enemies of pests are encouraged to survive or increase, is becoming far more prevalent. Accordingly, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Pest Management (ICM) strategies are increasingly being developed, advocated and adopted.Features: Highlights information on many groups of insects and mites that act as natural enemies or biological control agents of phytophagous insects and mites, including plant pests. Profusely illustrated with high-quality colour photographs. Focuses mainly on insects and mites as natural enemies of plant pests, including parasitic and predacious species that have been accidentally or deliberately introduced in classical biological control programmes. Reviews the role of phytophagous European insects and mites in controlling or managing European plants that have become invasive weeds in other parts of the world, notably North America, Australia and New Zealand.

Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior, Second Edition, Four Volume Set the latest update since the 2010 release, builds upon the solid foundation established in the first edition. Updated sections include Host-parasite interactions, Vertebrate social behavior, and the introduction of'overview essays'that boost the book's comprehensive detail. The structure for the work is modified to accommodate a better grouping of subjects. Some chapters have been reshuffled, with section headings combined or modified. - Represents a one-stop resource for scientifically reliable information on animal behavior - Provides comparative approaches, including the perspective of evolutionary biologists, physiologists, endocrinologists, neuroscientists and psychologists - Includes multimedia features in the online version that offer accessible tools to readers looking to deepen their understanding

This handbook series includes several naturally occurring chemicals that exhibit biological activity. These chemicals are derived from plants, insects, and several microorganisms. Volume I of this series is covers the theory and practice of the strategies for pest control and methods for detection.Moreover, it presents extensive tables that provide the information you need to select the most appropriate bioassay for a particular plant growth regulator or hormone. In addition to the chapters on bioassays, Volume I provides a solid introduction to the theory and practice of natural pesticide use, including in-depth discussions of integrated management systems for weed and pest control, the state-of-the-art use of computers in pest management, and allelochemicals as natural protection. Guidelines on toxicological testing and EPA regulation of natural pesticides are also detailed.

The Purpose of this book is to provide a helpful reference for invertebrate pathologist, virologists, and electron microscopists on invertebrate viruses. Investigators from around the world have shared their expertise in order introduce scientists to the exciting advances in invertebrate virology.

Focusing on fieldcraft techniques for macro and close-up photography, Thompson covers the vital but often overlooked skills necessary to achieve consistent professional results in the field. Case studies covering a broad and often challenging group of subjects from the seashore to your back garden form the core of the lavishly illustrated book. Biology, life history, subject behaviour and ethics along with best practice approaches are discussed in detail and underpinned with photographic tips. The book is divided into four sections—Digital Fundamentals, Fieldcraft & Methodology, Portfolio Case Studies, Digital Workflow & Presentation—covering the full photographic process from capture through to editing, captioning, development and storage are discussed. Moving beyond the surface-level approach to macro instruction, this book provides readers with techniques that work in the field. Illustrated with over 250 of the author's own inspiring images, this publication is a must for photographers, naturalists and anyone interested in improving their macro skills in the field.

This book discusses the effects of both natural (e.g., temperature, humidity, and lack of food) and man-induced stressors (e.g., pollution) on insects. Insect neurohormones and metabolism are emphasized, although all aspects of insect biology are examined. The role of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones in response to thermal and other stressors is featured, and population studies in insect stress are presented. Entomologists, ecologists, ecophysiologists, physiologists, applied entomologists and others will find Hormones and Metabolism in Insect Stress an important reference resource.

Recent Years Have Witnessed Great Advances In The Field Of Basic And Applied Entomology. Gradual Developments Of Both Theoretical And Field Based Studies During Last Few Decades Have Changed The Way Researchers Approach Their Work And The Methods And Tools They Use. These Have Been Equally Matched By Innovation Through Empirical Studies And Use Of Computer And Geographic Information Systems. This Volume Reflects These New Dimensions And Perspectives With Contributions From Indian Entomologists And Ecologists. Organized Into 12 Chapters, The Book Covers Some Key Areas In Entomology. Included Are Taxonomy And Ecology Of Poorly Studied Groups Like Leafhoppers, crolepidoptera And Curculionids; Frontier Areas Of Research Like Biogeography Of Insects, Impact Of Climate Change On Insect Community And The Ecological Importance Of Belowground Biodiversity. Real-World Case Studies On The Impact Of Disturbances On Insect Diversity And Usefulness Of Butterflies As Indicator Species Are Also Presented.

Third edition of the most comprehensive and authoritative guide to the larger moths of Great Britain and Ireland. This latest edition of the Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland has been fully revised, updated and restructured, bringing it in line with the latest thinking in taxonomy. Moths are illustrated in their natural resting postures, and there are also paintings of different forms, underwings and other details to help with identification. New descriptions and illustrations have been included for species that have been newly recorded in Britain and Ireland since the last edition of the guide was published. The text descriptions of all other species – covering field characters and similar species, flight season, life cycle, larval foodplants, and habitat – have been revised and updated where necessary, and particular attention has been paid to updating the distribution information, which is now supported by maps. The revised general introduction explains how the methods of identifying and recording moths have evolved over recent years with the advent of new technologies and as a result of data analysis.

Present Book Is An Attempt To Compile The Scattered Information About The Basic And Advance Aspects Of Medicinal And Aromatic Plants And Its Systematic Arrangement In The Semi Subjective Form. Unlike Most Of Other Books, Which Are Completely Objective In Nature, The Present Form Of The Book Could Help The Reader In Increasing The Understanding Due To Its Selfexplanatory Nature. Efforts Have Been Made To Cover All The Important Aspects Pertaining To Medicinal And Aromatic Plants In The Introductory Section. Also, Essential Information Pertaining To Important Crop Species Has Been Covered In The Subsequent Section. The Final Section Contains Basic Information About The Minor Species Having Future Potent.

The study has generated holistic information on various aspects of quantitative nutrition of Sarihan silkworm which will help to improve the productivity and quality by monitoring the feed. The food and water economy information will directly reflect the allocation of energy and water obtained through feeding on three food plants for production of silk as well as egg which are the ultimate goal of sericulture industry.

The weird and wonderful world of insects boasts some of the strangest creatures found in nature, and caterpillars are perhaps the most bizarre of all. While most of us picture caterpillars as cute fuzzballs munching on leaves, there is much more to them than we imagine. A caterpillar's survival hinges on finding enough food and defending itself from the array of natural enemies lined up to pounce and consume. And the astounding adaptations and strategies they have developed to maximize their chances of becoming a butterfly or moth are only just beginning to be understood, from the Spicebush Swallowtail caterpillar that resembles a small snake to the Eastern Carpenter Bee Hawkmoth caterpillar that attempts to dissuade potential predators by looking like a diseased leaf. The Book of Caterpillars unveils the mysteries of six hundred species from around the world, introducing readers to the complexity and beauty of these underappreciated insects. With the advent of high-quality digital macrophotography, the world of caterpillars is finally opening up. The book presents a wealth of stunning imagery that showcases the astonishing diversity of caterpillar design, structure, coloration, and patterning. Each entry also features a two-tone engraving of the adult specimen, emphasizing the wing patterns and shades, as well as a population distribution map and table of essential information that includes their habitat, typical host plants, and conservation status. Throughout the book are fascinating facts that will enthrall expert entomologists and curious collectors alike. A visually rich and scientifically accurate guide to six hundred of the world's most peculiar caterpillars, this volume presents readers with a rare, detailed look at these intriguing forms of insect life.

Insect and disease issues are often specific to the Mediterranean forest systems rather than shared with the temperate forests. In addition to the specific native insects and diseases, the forests are subject to the invasion of exotic species. The forests are also at risk from high degrees of human activity, including changing patterns of forest fires, land management activities, intensive plantation forestry using introduced timber species from other Mediterranean climate zones, and atmospheric deposition. Combined with elements of global climate change that may disproportionately affect Mediterranean climate systems, this creates a number of significant management issues that are unique to the Mediterranean forests. It is our goal that the information contained in this volume will contribute to understanding the unique aspects of Mediterranean forest systems and to protecting these critical resources.