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We build a robustness (RB) version of the Obstfeld (1994) model to study the effects of financial integration on growth and welfare. Our model can account for the empirically observed heterogeneity in the relationship between growth and volatility for different countries. The calibrated model shows that financial integration leads to significantly larger gains in growth and welfare for advanced countries than developing countries, with some developing countries experiencing growth and welfare loss in financial integration. Our analytical solutions help uncover the key mechanisms by which this happens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A country report is presented from publisher BMI Research which discusses emerging markets in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and Latin America.

A country report for emerging markets is presented from publisher BMI Research related to the economic performance of countries including Japan, China and India in the fields of fixed income, foreign exchange, and equities.

A report for emerging markets like Asia, Latin America, and Africa is presented from published BMI Research, with topics including decline in equity strength of emerging markets, risks facing the bond market, and growth of industrial metals industry.

A country report for several countries emerging markets is presented from publisher BMI Research, with topics including oil price weakness, equity market drivers and fall in commodity prices.

A country report for emerging markets such as India, Brazil and South Africa is presented from publisher Business Monitor International with topics including fertiliser production and consumption in Asia; reform in Indian agriculture marketing; and the fixed income market in Argentina.

A country report for emerging markets such as Asia, China, Colombia and Kenya is presented from publisher Business Monitor International with information on topics including fixed income, foreign exchange revenue and equities.

A country report for emerging markets such as Brazil, Czech Republic, Qatar and Ethiopia is presented from publisher Business Monitor International with information on topics including fixed income, foreign exchange market and equities.

A country report for emerging markets such as Brazil, Turkey and Botswana is presented from publisher Business Monitor International with topics including fixed income and equities, performance of commodities, oil and grain prices, and a financial crackdown faced by smaller banks in China.

A country report for emerging markets is presented from publisher Business Monitor International, with topics including a market analysis of fixed income and market equity, political unrest in Brazil, and economic forecasting for Malaysia.

A country report for emerging markets such as China, Argentina and Saudi Arabia is presented from publisher Business Monitor International with information on topics including the underperformance of Chinese stocks, economic forecasts, and commodities.

A country report for emerging markets presented from publisher Business Monitor International with information on topics including South Korea's political uncertainty after the removal of President Park Geun-hye, Namibia's budget deficit, and reduction of Banco Central do Brasil's interest rate.

There is a growing realisation on the importance science, technology and innovation (STI) in improving agriculture and ultimately food and nutrition security. Nevertheless, in spite of the recognition that STImatters, current literature onits contribution to improved food and nutrition security in developing countries is relatively scant. With most developing countries at various levels of socio-economic fragility, STI offers some options to realise the untapped potential of agriculturethat is essential in enhancing food and nutrition security, ending hunger and malnutrition and ultimatelyattain socioeconomic transformation. Improving of food and nutrition security through STI is being ushered as a better approach and it strives to deliver innovation, boost agriculture production and action needed to achieve sustainable development. STI are key drivers of economic and social development.Inherently, if STI policies are well integrated into national development strategies combined with institutional and organizational changes can help raise agriculture productivity, improve the country competitiveness, support faster growth and create jobs.This article analyses how to improve food and nutrition security thoughScience,Technology and Innovation in Zimbabwe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An online appendix dealing with financial frictions and macroeconomic fluctuations in emerging economies is presented, covering topics that include optimality conditions for the household problem, the profit maximization problem, and resource constraint.

The article explores the state of fixed income, foreign exchange and equities in emerging markets including Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and Latin America. Topics discussed include the impact of the expected economic reform happening in China, India and Indonesia to their economies, the forecast of a strong performance coming from emerging Asian equities compared to developed Asian equities and the reason behind the 2.5 percent growth forecast for Israel's gross domestic product.

Against the backdrop of a rather disappointing economic performance in 2016 and the below-trend outlook for 2017, Chapter 1 assesses the ability of the economy to (i) generate a sufficient number of jobs, (ii) improve the quality of employment for those with a job, and (iii) ensure that the gains of growth are shared in an inclusive manner. The chapter also discusses the policy efforts needed to overcome structural impediments to growth, including inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the performance and forecast for macroeconomics, energy, metals, and agriculture sectors across the globe and in Jordan over a 20 year period as of 2011. It says that the growth of developing countries contributes in the increased demands on agricultural products and its prices. Statistics are offered on the country's money supply, hydroelectric production, and wheat production.

The article focuses on productivity employment and the deficits of decent work in an informal economy. It states that informal economy refers to the expansion in the number of enterprises and workers in the urban and rural areas that are operating informally in developing countries. The poor family background of the working poor drive these workers to work in informal enterprises, which does not provide a decent standard of living.

The article offers information related to the economic condition of emerging and developing countries focusing on employment and social trends. Topics discussed include the process of economic convergence between advanced and developing economies, the efforts of both countries to improve job quality and fight poverty, and the projection that a total of 213 million labour market will emerge in developing countries in 2019.

The article focuses on employment dynamics in developing countries (DCs) along with job quality patterns in DCs and its impact on development. Topics discussed include the difference between the employment of women in DCs and advanced economies (AEs), several tables and charts on employment growth rate in DCs from 1991-2003, and the participation of DCs on labour force due to the absence of social protection or transfers, high demographic growth of working age population, and low incomes.

The article offers information on the economic growth in developing countries (DCs) and its comparison with advanced economies (AEs). Topics discussed include growth trends in three different groups of DCs since 1980 including lower-middle-income countries (LMIs), emerging economies (EEs), and least developed countries (LDCs), the sectoral composition of DCs' economic growth, and role played by extractive and manufacturing industries in economic development and growth.

The article focuses on the Millennium Challenge Corp. (MCC), which provides economic assistance from the U.S. to developing countries that show positive performance in just governance, investing in people, and fostering economic freedom. Topics addressed include the MCC's distinction from other U.S. aid practices, the U.S. government's allocation of funds for MCC for fiscal year 2014, and its threshold programs. Also mentioned are sustainability, corruption and legislative issues.

The article discusses changes in the policy, programs, and process by which U.S. foreign aid is rendered to developing countries through the agency Millennium Challenge Corp. (MCC). Topics addressed include the identification of candidate countries, the criteria and methodology used to select compact-eligible countries, and the de-selection of countries. Also mentioned are country selections for fiscal year 2014 which include Lesotho, Liberia, and Morocco.

Agricultural practices have changed dramatically over the past fifty years. Generally, the trend has been to consolidate small farms held by families into large farms held by corporations. With the industrialization of farm land, there has been a push to maximize yield through the addition of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides manufactured by a handful of corporations. It is argued that current farming practices are contributing to climate change, inefficient and too reliant upon monoculture and GMOs. Additionally, industrial agriculture has made it difficult for small farmers and developing nations to produce enough foodstuffs for survival. Scientists and policymakers are growing increasingly concerned about widespread hunger. Sustainable farming is being recognized as a solution.

The article focuses on a 2012 report on economically developing countries and the U.S. trade policy. The rising economic powers (REPs) include China and India based on their part in the global economy and economic development. It also adds the involvement of REPs in World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations and in protests against U.S. economic and trade policies. It adds the impact of U.S. exports to the REPs on the U.S. economy and challenges related to free and fair trade.

The article focuses on a 2012 research on the U.S. Congress' role in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reform package concerned with size of the IMF's resources and inability of developing economies in reflecting their growing importance in global economy. It mentions that IMF needs support of the U.S., which would not be impacted much by reforms. It adds that reforms will maintain the effectiveness of the IMF but emerging economies might prefer trade strategies not aligned with the U.S.'

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses various arguments and issues in the article related to labour market in developing countries with advanced economies including the significance of non-standard forms of employment, the continued skill biases in demand for labour, and the non-standard forms of employment and unemployment rate in advanced economies.

The article presents the political views and statements of politicians regarding globalization and business development. Ann Bernstein, director and founder of the Centre for Development and Enterprise, states the significance of the global standards to several businesses, particularly those in developing countries and cites the importance of implementing corporate social responsibility to industries as well as to the communities. Ejaz Ghani emphasizes the role of industrialization for globalization and notes the relevance of labor productivity to achieve such business goal. Greg Mills stresses the value of business planning for the sectors' further development.

The United States is the largest investor abroad and the largest recipient of direct investment in the world. For some Americans, the national gains attributed to investing overseas are offset by such perceived losses as displaced U.S. workers and lower wages. Some observers believe U.S. firms invest abroad to avoid U.S. labor unions or high U.S. wages, however, 70% of U.S. foreign direct investment is concentrated in high income developed countries. Even more striking is the fact that the share of investment going to developing countries has fallen in recent years. Most economists conclude that direct investment abroad does not lead to fewer jobs or lower incomes overall for Americans and that the majority of jobs lost among U.S. manufacturing firms over the past decade reflect a broad restructuring of U.S. manufacturing industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World Trade Organization (WTO) Members must grant immediate and unconditional most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment to the products of other Members with respect to tariffs and other trade-related measures. Programs such as the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), under which developed countries grant preferential tariff rates to developing country products, are facially inconsistent with this obligation because they accord goods of some countries more favorable tariff treatment than that accorded to goods of other WTO Members. Because such programs have been viewed as trade-expanding, however, Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provided a legal basis for one-way tariff preferences and certain other preferential arrangements in a 1979 decision known as the Enabling Clause. In 2004, the WTO Appellate Body ruled that the Clause allows developed countries to offer different treatment to developing countries in a GSP program, but only if identical treatment is available to all similarly situated GSP beneficiaries. Where WTO Members' preference programs have provided expanded benefits, Members, including the United States, have generally obtained WTO waivers. In December 2006, Congress extended the GSP program until December 31, 2008, and Andean preferences until June 30, 2007, allowing conditional extension of Andean benefits for six months thereafter (P.L. 109-432). The 2006 statute also extends a third-country fabric provision in the African Growth and Opportunity Act and expands textile benefits for Haiti. P.L. 110-42 has extended the Andean program to February 29, 2008, and removed the conditions enacted in 2006. S. 222 (Graham) would extend to one year the period for the President to determine if Haiti meets eligibility requirements for textile benefits contained in the 2006 enactment. S. 652 (Smith) would authorize the expansion of preferences for least-developed countries. H.R. 3427 (McDermott) would limit the President's authority to revoke waivers of the GSP competitive need limitation and thus remove GSP benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August 2003, the World Trade Organization (WTO) reached an agreement on the use of compulsory licenses by developing countries without manufacturing capacity to access life-sustaining medicines. This agreement was incorporated as an amendment to Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement on the eve of the Hong Kong Ministerial in December 2005. The issue of access to affordable medicines is one of great concern to developing countries whose health-care systems are often overwhelmed by HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. Some developing countries have viewed the TRIPS agreement as an impediment in their attempts to combat such public health emergencies by restricting drug availability and by transferring scarce resources from developing countries to developed country manufacturers. For the developing world, the issue of compulsory licenses is an important test as to whether the WTO can meet the development needs of its members, and conversely, whether the developing world can influence the actions of the world trading system. Developed country pharmaceutical industries view the TRIPS agreement as essential to encourage innovation in the pharmaceutical sector by assuring international compensation for their intellectual property. Without such protection, industry claims it could not recoup the high costs of developing new medicines. Producers have unilaterally undertaken to reduce prices for certain HIV/AIDS medicines, but these efforts at differential pricing have not been systematic. The United States has been forceful in defending the interest of the U.S. pharmaceutical industry in the negotiations. In December 2002, the United States blocked a compromise on the compulsory licensing issue to which all other nations had agreed; however, it was also the first nation to ratify the December 2005 amendment. In the 109th Congress, legislation was introduced (S. 3175, Leahy) to establish procedures to grant compulsory licenses for exporting patented pharmaceutical products to certain countries under the WTO Decision. This legislation was not acted upon in the 109th Congress, but it may be reintroduced in the 110th Congress. The system of compulsory licensing may have a relatively modest effect on the availability of medicines in the developing world. Compulsory licenses have rarely been used by developing countries because many patent regimes did not protect pharmaceuticals before 2006. Countries providing patent protection to pharmaceuticals have used the threat of compulsory licensing as a method to negotiate lower drug prices. Although some countries have amended their national laws to allow compulsory licensing for pharmaceutical exports, there may be little economic incentive for a supplier to manufacture the product in the case of an LDC issuing a compulsory license. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is a developing country? How does one know whether a country is actually developing or not? This report looks at this issue from several perspectives. Using a series of reports by various organizations, it shows how countries rank in their levels of development according to different criteria. Countries ranking high according to one measure may rank lower according to another. It was once commonly believed that raising a countryUs average per capita income level would lead to improvements in most other areas. Time and experience have shown, however, that social conditions and the general well-being of people may not necessarily improve when a countryUs average income level increases. Countries with relatively high levels of per capita income may rank lower in their social and structural development. By contrast, some poor countries rank with the advanced countries in their governance and levels of individual and economic freedom. This report examines four criteria which are often used today to rank and assess countriesU levels of development. They are: (1) per capita income; (2) economic and social structure; (3) social conditions; and (4) the prevailing level of economic and political freedom. Specific indices or quantitative studies are explained and applied to each criteria and the differences among the various measures are explained. Jan Tinbergen, the Dutch economist and Nobel laureate (1969), argued that a separate tool or instrument is needed to achieve individual economic objectives. Two goals cannot be achieved effectively with the same policy tool. When applied to the field of development, the Tinbergen rule suggests that one needs a separate program or procedure for each objective if one wants to achieve multiple goals. There is little evidence, despite the claims of some authors, economic growth will lead by itself to improvements in social indicators, economic freedom, governance, or political and civil liberty. Likewise, though many argue that strong emphasis needs be placed on improving social indicators and basic human needs, there is little evidence that improvements in these areas will lead necessarily to increased economic growth or improved governance. According to TinbergenUs rule, one likely needs a variety of programs, each targeting a particular objective, if one wants to successfully pursue a variety of different goals. Balancing the costs of achieving these various goals - maintaining or increasing expenditures for programs targeting social goals, conserving and improving infrastructure and capital facilities and avoiding macroeconomic instability through prudent monetary, fiscal and foreign exchange policies - is one of the great challenges facing developing countries today. Congress will consider major bills dealing with development issues in the coming year. Some of the controversy on these issues comes from different views about U.S. interests and goals. However, much of the debate about the goals and effectiveness of development aid stems from different concepts about the development process itself. This report seeks to provide background and information which may be of use to Congress in that context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the rising number of middle-class worker in developing countries as of 2014. Topics discussed include effects of middle class development and its role in economic growth, the Millennium Development Goals initiative of the United Nations and global employment indicators. It also presents a graph on changes in employment by economic class in different regions of the world from 2008 to 2018 including East Asia, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.

The WESP mid-year update noted that growth projections for 2019 have been revised downward in all major developed economies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the period before the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, a suggested organising framework for determining the vulnerability of developing countries to the global economic crisis, and national policy responses to the crisis.

Reports on the turnover in emerging markets debt for the second quarter of 2002 according to a report compiled by Emerging Markets Traders Association. Increase in trading volume for Latin America; Decline in trading volumes in Asia.

An introduction is presented to a report about Millennium Challenge Corp. (MCC), an entity through which the U.S. renders economic assistance to developing countries.

A preface to "Global Economic Crisis & Developing Countries: Transmission Channels, Fiscal & Policy Space & the Design of National Responses" is presented.

A foreword to "Global Economic Crisis & Developing Countries: Transmission Channels, Fiscal & Policy Space & the Design of National Responses" is presented.

The article reports on the performance of global emerging markets. Several emerging markets posted gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates of 8 percent or more. Some of these countries are Azerbaijan which reported 18.6 percent and Angola which achieved a 15.5 percent growth. The MSCI Frontier Markets Index, which was said to set a benchmark, will be launched in December 18, 2007.

The article presents economic risk assessment for developing countries in Europe, based on the new standards used by journal. Estonia, Lithuania, Russia and Slovenia are among the countries with most favorable economic outlooks. Russia gets the highest risk rating at 90.0 points, primarily due to its abundant supply of oil and gas. Tajikistan, Moldova and Turkmenistan are among the countries that receive the lowest risk ratings.

Presents news briefs on the economics of emerging markets as of August 12, 2002. Support package provided by the International Monetary Fund to Brazil; Status of current account deficit in June and August 2002; Information on the shift in global interest rate dynamics.

The article reports on the slump in the recovery of global economy in the past quarter as of June 2014 which affected developed and emerging economies through inflation rates, and mentions that central banks of developed countries maintain loose monetary conditions to support global money market.

The article discusses developments concerning the U.S. foreign aid program Millennium Challenge Corp. (MCC) in 2013. Topics addressed include the selection of Lesotho as eligible for a second compact, the re-selection of Niger and Liberia for first compacts and Tanzania, Morocco and Ghana for second compacts. Also mentioned are MCC funding for fiscal year 2014, according to the U.S. Continuing Appropriations Act of 2014 and Dana J. Hyde's nomination to become MCC's chief executive officer.

The article focuses on the impact of biocapacity rate in different countries. It states that constraint in natural resources results to growing competition among resource-poor and resource-rich nations. Moreover, statistics on the total biocapacity among 10 countries including Brazil, China, and India, is presented.