351 results on '"LABOR supply"'
Search Results
2. Tapping the Talents of Highly Skilled Immigrants in the United States: Takeaways from Experts Summit
- Author
-
Migration Policy Institute (MPI), Batalova, Jeanne, and Fix, Michael
- Abstract
Migration Policy Institute (MPI) research finds that nearly 2 million, or one-quarter, of immigrant college graduates are either unemployed or work in jobs that require no more than a high school degree. This brain waste comes with a price tag of $10 billion in forgone federal, state, and local taxes each year. But there are also harder-to-quantify costs such as the impact of talent shortage on labor productivity and business competitiveness--a perennial challenge reported by U.S. employers. This document seeks to capture the deliberations of a summit meeting convened by MPI on June 14, 2017, that drew together more than 30 leading experts, practitioners, and government and foundation officials focused on the topics of immigration and U.S. employment trends. The participants shared their collective U.S. and international knowledge and discussed how to maximize the recognition and use of the human capital of highly skilled immigrants in the United States. The participants were also called upon to think creatively about the future path of those seeking to address the issue of brain waste. This report summarizes and builds on selected themes that emerged from discussions at the summit, namely: (1) Changing Demographic, Economic, and Political Context; (2) Opportunities for Reform; and (3) Future Research Directions.
- Published
- 2018
3. Intra-migrant workplace conflict: impediment to improving migrants' workforce integration.
- Author
-
Chatrath, Puja and Hack-Polay, Dieu
- Subjects
DIVERSITY in the workplace ,LABOR supply ,VOCATIONAL guidance ,IMMIGRANTS ,SOLIDARITY ,SEMI-structured interviews - Abstract
This study examines the tensions between newcomer migrants and established immigrants in the workforce in the United Kingdom. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants in a food-manufacturing company to investigate how solidarity and conflict among groups of migrants impact their ability to integrate into the workplace. The research found that heightened levels of conflict occur between new and long-term immigrants. This engenders segregation as well as discrimination within the immigrant groups, which then hampers their career growth opportunities. The results have important consequences for diversity and inclusion in the workforce. The study shows that diversity needs a greater and wider focus than the current emphasis on the local population vs. immigrant paradigm. More attention should be devoted to tackling tensions between groups of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. What is the Relationship Between the Perceived Quality of Neighbourhood and the Self-reported Life Satisfaction in Immigrants Versus Natives in Europe?
- Author
-
Ambrosetti, Elena and Paparusso, Angela
- Subjects
LIFE satisfaction ,QUALITY of life ,HUMAN capital ,LABOR economics ,LABOR supply ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Subjective well-being (SWB) is emerging as an important measure of individual and societal progress. Among the many individual factors associated with SWB, the quality of the neighbourhood is recently receiving growing attention as a factor shaping self-reported life satisfaction in contemporary societies. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies focusing on the perceived quality of the neighbourhood are still scant. We aim to fill this gap, comparing self-reported life satisfaction of different population groups (i.e., immigrants and natives) living in European countries, and to analyse the association between self-reported life satisfaction and the perceived quality of the neighbourhood, controlling for individual socio-demographic and human capital variables and socio-economic characteristics of the country of residence. The data are drawn from the cross-sectional European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) of 2016. Our findings reveal that first and second-generation immigrants report lower self-reported life satisfaction compared to natives. Moreover, our findings show that the positive subjective evaluation of the characteristics and services available in the immediate neighbourhood where people live is positively associated with self-reported life satisfaction. There is also a positive relationship between contacts and social networks in the neighbourhood and self-reported life satisfaction. Finally, the characteristics of the country of residence matter for both native and immigrants' life satisfaction, with immigrants being more satisfied in countries with higher quality of life captured by country gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, life expectancy and unemployment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. An analysis of the occupations of free women in the antebellum USA.
- Author
-
Chiswick, Barry R. and Robinson, RaeAnn Halenda
- Subjects
LABOR supply ,CENSUS ,MARITAL status ,LABOR market ,ECONOMIC models ,ABOLITIONISTS ,WOMEN'S employment - Abstract
This paper analyzes the occupational status and distribution of free women in the antebellum USA. It considers both their reported and unreported (imputed) occupations, using the 1/100 microdata files from the 1860 Census of Population, the only Census that asked free women's occupations while slavery was legal. After developing and testing the model based on economic and demographic variables used to explain whether a free woman has an occupation, analyses are conducted comparing their occupational distribution to free men, along with analyses among women by marital status, nativity, and the prevalence of slavery. This paper highlights the importance of including unreported family workers in discussions of free female labor market contributions, as their inclusion dramatically shifts the overall female labor force participation rate, as well as their occupational distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Online Employment Services for Immigrant Professionals: An Environmental Scan.
- Author
-
Kazemi, Fatemeh, Gonzalez Benson, Odessa, Palova, Katerina, and Matharu, Gurleen
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *CORPORATE culture , *DIGITAL technology , *JOB applications , *LEADERSHIP , *POPULATION geography , *GROUP dynamics , *METROPOLITAN areas , *RURAL conditions , *ONLINE education , *ONLINE information services , *EMPLOYMENT , *ACCESS to information , *LABOR supply - Abstract
This environmental scan assesses the current landscape of online employment services for immigrant professionals in Canada. The data collection method involved web scanning of twelve urban centers and two rural census areas with high per capita immigrant populations. The study analyzed 80 online services for immigrants in Canada based on geographical variation, the type of digital modality, clientele, and needs addressed. The findings reveal disparities in access to online employment programs tailored for skilled immigrants across different geographic locations. In addition, e-learning and self-paced online courses were identified as the most prevalent digital modalities. In terms of targeted clientele, findings show that the services primarily targeted immigrants as a homogenous group, with a notable emphasis on supporting skilled immigrants in high-demand fields such as IT and healthcare. Finally, access to job search resources emerged as the highest priority among the needs addressed, while areas such as financial assistance have the potential for further growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Deutsche Wirtschaft kränkelt – Reform der Schuldenbremse kein Allheilmittel.
- Author
-
Bönke, Timm, Holtemöller, Oliver, Kooths, Stefan, Schmidt, Torsten, and Wollmershäuser, Timo
- Subjects
ECONOMIC structure ,ECONOMIC policy ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR supply ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Cyclical and structural factors are overlapping in Germany's sluggish overall economic development. Until recently, there have been more headwinds than tailwinds from both the external and domestic economy. A low momentum recovery is likely to set in after spring. Net immigration has stabilised the labour force substantially; the productivity of immigrants remains subdued though due to integration problems and qualification mismatches. While a mild reform of the debt brake is advisable, a reorganisation of the overall fiscal constitution to better shield municipal investment activity from cyclical budget shortfalls is much more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Latent Cumulative Disadvantage: US Immigrants' Reversed Economic Assimilation in Later Life.
- Author
-
Ye, Leafia Z
- Subjects
- *
EMIGRATION & immigration , *IMMIGRANTS , *LABOR supply , *WAGES , *RETIREMENT planning - Abstract
One of the most salient findings in research on immigration has been that immigrants experience substantial economic mobility as they accumulate more years in the host-society labor force and eventually approach earnings parity with their native-born counterparts. However, we do not know whether this progress is sustained in retirement. In this paper, I develop a framework of Latent Cumulative (Dis)advantage and hypothesize that even as immigrants are approaching parity with the native-born in terms of current earnings, they accumulate disadvantages in lifetime earnings, job benefits, and retirement planning that eventually lead them to have growing disadvantages in income in later life. Drawing on decades of longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, I find that while foreign- and native-born men in the United States both experience a decline in income after age 50, the decline is much more substantial among foreign-born men. As a result, immigrant men's economic assimilation is reversed in later life. I find evidence that this phenomenon is driven mainly by immigrants' lower lifetime earnings and cumulative exposure to worse job benefits. Given that the foreign-born elderly population in the United States is projected to quadruple by 2050, findings from this paper have important implications for long-term policy planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Impact of the 2016 presidential election and restrictive immigration climate on the work and wellbeing of Bangladeshi immigrant community frontline workers in New York City, U.S.A.
- Author
-
Barajas-Gonzalez, R. Gabriela, Hoque, Sharmin, and Gutkin, Stephanie L.
- Subjects
- *
EMIGRATION & immigration & psychology , *ELECTIONS & psychology , *IMMIGRANTS , *QUALITATIVE research , *MENTAL health , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICAL sampling , *INTERVIEWING , *QUANTITATIVE research , *JUDGMENT sampling , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *UNCERTAINTY , *COMMUNITIES , *THEMATIC analysis , *BANGLADESHIS , *RESEARCH methodology , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *COMMUNICATION , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DATA analysis software , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *WELL-being , *EMPLOYMENT , *EMPLOYEE attitudes , *LABOR supply - Abstract
Community-based organizations (CBOs) are key players in mitigating the impact of restrictive policy changes on immigrant communities. The ability of these organizations to help diffuse the stress caused by restrictive, rapidly changing immigration policies depends, in part, on the capacity and health of their workforce. This study presents findings from a qualitative study conducted with 10 Bangladeshi community frontline workers working in various CBOs and advocacy organizations to understand their experience navigating a heightened anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim climate. Through thematic analyses, we inferred that the 2016 presidential election increased stress and mobilization among community frontline workers, with a meaningful distinction between participants working for immigration-focused institutions versus those in institutions where immigration issues were not the primary focus (e.g. health services, cultural programming). For those working in immigration-focused institutions, work burden increased due to challenges in managing misinformation, making sense of policy changes, and meeting the needs of families impacted by deportation. A toll on frontline workers' own physical health and mental health was discussed, as well as the need for culturally congruent mental health supports for the South Asian community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Long-Term Labor Force Projections in Romania: An Analysis Based on Data on the Economic Impact of Population Aging.
- Author
-
Crețulescu, Andreea
- Subjects
LABOR supply ,POPULATION aging ,IMMIGRANTS ,LABOR market - Abstract
In the last 30 years, Romania has faced one of the most significant migration phenomena globally, losing over two million inhabitants according to official statistics. However, these figures are reported based on the registered domicile of the population, with many immigrants avoiding changing their residence in Romania, even though they live and work in other countries for decades. This migration has primarily affected the active population, leading to an increasing deficit in Romania's labor market in recent years. Current estimates already indicate a shortage of personnel in sectors such as technology, healthcare, education, or construction. For the year 2024, Romania has approved a new quota of 100,000 foreign workers to address this issue. This decision was made due to the high number of work permit requests in the last 12 months and the significant number of job vacancies reported by employers. This study aims to use methodologies employed by the OECD and the European Commission to project long-term labor force trends in Romania (until 2070) in comparison with other EU member states, anticipating the economic impact of population aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Demographic and labor force impacts of future immigration flows into Europe: does an immigrant's region of origin matter?
- Author
-
Marois, Guillaume, Potancokova, Michaela, and Gonzalez-Leonardo, Miguel
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,LABOR supply ,DEVELOPING countries ,POPULATION forecasting ,BIRTHPLACES ,COUNTRIES ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Immigration has become a key demographic component in developed European nations. At the same time, many countries have seen an increase in immigration from non-European origins and more diversified migrant flows. In most population projections, however, immigrants are considered an almost homogenous population. This study utilizes a population microsimulation projection model (QuantMig-Mic) for 31 European countries that includes place of birth as a source of heterogeneity for components that could impact population size, age structures, and economic dependency ratios. We simulated different scenarios from 2020 to 2060 in which the birth regions of future immigrant flows were changed drastically compared to recent trends. Our results showed that major shifts in the origin of immigration flows toward Europe would impact the spatial distribution of the population in the continent and therefore—at the local level—the population size of some countries. We found that the age structure would be only marginally affected and that shifts in the composition of immigration flows would not significantly alter the increasing age dependency ratio. Moreover, even in the countries most impacted in terms of population size, no scenario led to notable changes in the total labor force participation rate or in the educational structure of the labor force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Why Migrants Stay in Small and Mid-sized Cities: Analytical and Comparative Insights.
- Author
-
Kelly, Melissa, Nguyen, Michelle, and Triandafyllidou, Anna
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,ECONOMIC development ,LABOR supply ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,ACCULTURATION - Abstract
Small- and mid-sized cities in Canada, the USA, Australia, and New Zealand have increasingly looked to international migration to boost economic growth, address population decline, and fill labour shortages. Policies and strategies adopted to attract but especially retain migrants are often deemed unsuccessful, however, as most migrants continue to show a preference for larger cities. The retention of migrants is generally seen as a goal that can be achieved by meeting specific criteria at the city level such as providing jobs and services and creating a welcoming environment. In this special issue we aim to move beyond this view to consider migrant retention in a broader frame. In this editorial introduction we raise three key analytical points. Firstly, we conceptualise the temporal and spatial dimensions of retention, noting how retention is not only about how long migrants stay in a place but also why they stay there, where they move on to, and whether they return. Secondly, we consider how migrants decide to move or stay, and the extent to which these processes can be considered purely rational, or also subjective and inter-subjective. In this sense, we consider what migrants "do" with policies, rather than how policies shape their decisions to stay or leave. Thirdly, we explore how not only formal but also informal policies and practices play a role in making cities welcoming and attractive to migrants. We then present a place-based perspective and offer some comparative insights. The contents of the Special Issue are subsequently presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Cultivating Welcoming Communities in a Neoliberal Era: Narrative Meets Practice in Rural Saskatchewan.
- Author
-
Kelly, Melissa
- Subjects
NEOLIBERALISM ,COMMUNITIES ,NARRATIVES ,LABOR supply ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
The Canadian province of Saskatchewan, and particularly rural Saskatchewan, has an ageing population and has experienced a great deal of out-migration in recent years. As a result, its labour force has been shrinking over time (Moazzami, 2015). International migration has been viewed as one way to reverse negative population growth and boost the economy of the region. Several programs and initiatives have been developed to successfully attract and welcome international migrants to Saskatchewan's rural areas. Despite this, retention is poor, with many immigrants choosing to move on to other destinations. In this paper, I argue that effectively welcoming immigrants in a context where they are seen primarily as economic actors poses a number of political, discursive and practical challenges. The economic rationale for immigration tends to reduce, somewhat ironically, the welcome that is extended. This paper is based on an analysis of information generated through interviews with key informants, all of whom are individuals engaged in the work of welcoming immigrants in different parts of rural Saskatchewan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Integrating Immigrant Health Professionals into the U.S. Healthcare Workforce: Barriers and Solutions.
- Author
-
Al Achkar, Morhaf, Dahal, Arati, Frogner, Bianca K., Skillman, Susan M., and Patterson, Davis G.
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *RACISM , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PROFESSIONS , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL care , *INTERVIEWING , *PREJUDICES , *EMPLOYEE recruitment , *LABOR supply , *MEDICAL care use , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *RESEARCH funding , *INTEGRATED health care delivery , *CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Internationally educated immigrant healthcare workers face skill underutilization working in lower-skilled healthcare jobs or outside healthcare. This study explored barriers to and solutions for integrating immigrant health professionals. Content analysis identifying key themes from semi-structured qualitative interviews with representatives from Welcome Back Centers (WBCs) and partner organizations. 18 participants completed interviews. Barriers facing immigrant health professionals included lack of access to resources, financial constraints, language difficulties, credentialing challenges, prejudice, and investment in current occupations. Barriers facing programs that assist immigrant health professionals included eligibility restrictions, funding challenges, program workforce instability, recruitment difficulties, difficulty maintaining connection, and pandemic challenges. Long-term program success depended on partner networks, advocacy, addressing prejudice, a client-centered approach, diverse resources and services, and conducting research. Initiatives to integrate immigrant health professionals require multi-level responses to diverse needs and collaborations among organizations that support immigrant health professionals, healthcare systems, labor, and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Is It Merely a Labor Supply Shock? Impacts of Syrian Migrants on Local Economies in Turkey.
- Author
-
Cengiz, Doruk and Tekgüç, Hasan
- Subjects
LABOR supply ,SYRIANS ,MIGRANT labor ,IMMIGRANTS ,LABOR mobility ,REMITTANCES - Abstract
The authors use the occurrence of a large and geographically varying inflow of more than 2.5 million Syrian migrants to Turkey between 2012 and 2015 to study the effect of migration on local economies. They do not find adverse employment or wage effects for native-born Turkish workers overall or for those without a high school degree. These results are robust to a range of strategies to construct reliable control groups. To explain the findings, the authors document the importance of three migration-induced demand channels: the complementarity between native and migrant labor, housing demand, and increased entrepreneurial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Disability pension and sociodemographic & work-related risk factors among 2.3 million migrants and natives in Finland (2011–2019): a prospective population study.
- Author
-
Haider, Waseem and Salonen, Laura
- Subjects
- *
DISABILITY retirement , *PROPORTIONAL hazards models , *IMMIGRANTS , *LABOR supply , *COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) - Abstract
Background: Increasing employment and immigration have been proposed as possible solutions to tackle the problem of the labour force shortage in aging societies. Ensuring sufficient health and work ability among migrants is a key factor in increasing and maintaining their employment. Many studies have found higher disability pension (DP) rates among migrants compared to natives but such studies lack in determining the risk of DP by occupational class and industrial sector. This study explores the risk of DP and the contribution of sociodemographic and work-related factors between migrants and natives in Finland. Methods: Full-population panel data obtained from the administrative registers of Statistics Finland were used to study 2.3 million individuals aged 25–60 years in 2010. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the risk of having a DP in 2011–2019 using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for different sociodemographic and work-related factors. Results: Compared to natives, migrants had a lower risk of a DP (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.53–0.63). We found great variation between countries of origin, where compared to natives, migrants from refugee-exporting countries (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22–1.53) and other non-European countries (HR 1.30; CI 1.18–1.43) had a higher risk of DP, but migrants from other countries did not differ or had a slightly lower risk of DP than natives. The associations between sociodemographic factors and the risk of DP were very similar between natives and migrants. Conclusion: Migrants had a lower risk of a DP than natives except for migrants from outside Europe. The associations between different sociodemographic and work-related factors and the risk of DP were similar between natives and migrants and did not completely explain the differences in the risk of DP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. What is the PhORCAS(t) for international and refugee student pharmacists applying to ASHP-accredited residency programs?
- Author
-
El-Desoky, Rania, Rosario, Natalie, and Alshrouf, Haneen
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *ACCREDITATION , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *PHARMACY education , *HEALTH occupations students , *COLLEGE teachers , *CURRICULUM , *CULTURAL pluralism , *PHARMACISTS , *INTERNSHIP programs , *LABOR supply , *REFUGEES - Abstract
The article discusses how international pharmacy graduate (IPG), refugee, and asylee candidates encounter many barriers when pursuing residency training. Topics include the challenges in navigating the residency application process, limited knowledge of immigration matters of many faculty and residency program directors (RPDs), and inequity in the pharmacy residency application process.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. ANALYSIS OF THE DATA SOURCES FOR SIZING THE PHENOMENON OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MAJOR EXODUS OF ROMANIAN LABOR FORCE.
- Author
-
PRELIPCEAN, Gabriela and IVAN, Paul-Panfil
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,LABOR supply ,HUMAN migration patterns ,DATA analysis ,IMMIGRANTS ,ROMANIANS - Abstract
Being a complex and multi-criteria phenomenon, the international migration can have a lot of different meanings, which suppose different scopes and methods of estimating various data, depending on the hypotheses and research objectives pursued. In the last decade the mass-media also gave an increased importance to the phenomenon and in the era of fake news, it led to the fact that the magnitude of the phenomenon was often communicated differently from the real situation or the existing statistics. Even though there is a great diversity of data sources that could be used to estimate international migration flows, these are not directly oriented to measure migration, so great difficulties in terms of data comparability occur very often. In Romania the phenomenon of international migration has taken a large scale, the country being on the first places worldwide in terms of labor force exits to destination countries, but, practically, the Romanian authorities have very less information regarding the residence of Romanian citizens abroad and, implicitly, no data is collected regarding the real volume of the migration phenomenon. This paper aims to inventory the available data sources regarding international migration from Romania and, as much as possible, to propose solutions by which this phenomenon could be better quantified to support the development of effective migration policies. The research methodology consists in the theoretical analysis of data sources and indicators that measure the migration phenomenon in order to identify a possibility to quantify the volume of the migrant population by proposing a model that calculates the potential migrant workforce calculated as a difference between the labor resource and the employed population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The human capital and income of immigrants: evidence from Russia.
- Author
-
Smirnykh, Larisa and Polyakova, Evgeniya
- Subjects
INCOME ,LABOR supply ,HUMAN capital ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,COMMUNISM ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
This study examines how immigration flows caused by the disintegration of states and globalisation change the composition of the labour force and how human capital is transferred from countries of the former Soviet Union to Russia. We estimate the contribution of imperfect human capital transferability to explaining the immigrant–native income differentials by using the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of 2009–2012. The findings reveal that the income of foreign-born people who moved before the disintegration of the USSR is not significantly different from the income of native-born citizens. In contrast, foreign-born groups who immigrated to Russia after the disintegration of the USSR have lower incomes than the native-born group. In addition, the income premium on education and labour experience received in host countries of the foreign-born group is lower compared to the income premium on education and labour experience received in Russia. An important factor explaining the difference in income between natives and foreign-born people who moved to Russia after the collapse of the USSR is the imperfection in the mechanism of human capital transferability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. What happens if Australia doesn't get enough immigrants?
- Subjects
Immigrants ,Emigration and immigration ,Labor supply - Abstract
inside What happens if Australia doesn't get enough immigrants? We delve into the interconnected realities of immigration, population, labour and housing ANNETTE SAMPSON WHAT IF? Put simply, each migrant of [...]
- Published
- 2023
21. From immigrant services, support for integration and guidance for everyday life
- Subjects
Immigrants ,Employment services ,Labor supply ,Business, international - Abstract
Lempaala: Lempaala Municipality, Finland has issued the following news release: The employment area reform and the reform of the Integration Act will bring changes to the organization of immigrant services [...]
- Published
- 2024
22. Immigrants Critical to Bridging NH's Workforce Gaps.
- Author
-
RICH-KERN, SHERYL
- Subjects
LABOR supply ,LABOR market ,REAL estate management ,FOREIGN workers ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
The article underscores the vital role immigrants play in addressing New Hampshire's workforce shortages across various industries. It mentions that despite historical challenges and changes in job types, immigrants continue to contribute significantly to sectors like hospitality, healthcare, and manufacturing, sustaining essential workforce needs.
- Published
- 2024
23. You don't want immigrants? Then tell grandma she can never retire
- Subjects
Immigrants ,Emigration and immigration ,Labor supply ,Business ,Computers and office automation industries ,Telecommunications industry - Abstract
Byline: Catherine Rampell Don't want more immigrants in this country? Then tell grandma she can never retire. As I've noted before, immigrants are driving the U.S. economic boom. That is: [...]
- Published
- 2024
24. Migrants, Ready to Work, Face Many Roadblocks
- Author
-
DePillis, Lydia
- Subjects
Emigration and immigration law ,Immigrants ,Emigration and immigration ,Labor supply ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Immigrants aided the pandemic recovery and may be crucial to future needs. The challenge is processing newcomers and getting them where the jobs are. The U.S. economic recovery from the [...]
- Published
- 2024
25. US and them: Job quality differences between natives and immigrants in Europe.
- Author
-
García‐Serrano, Carlos and Hernanz, Virginia
- Subjects
- *
QUALITY of work life , *JOB security , *LABOR supply , *LABOR market , *IMMIGRANTS , *INTERMARRIAGE , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *INSTITUTIONAL environment - Abstract
Using microdata from the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU‐LFS) and aggregate indicators of labour market institutions, this article compares the job quality of native and non‐native workers across European countries and analyses the impact of the institutional settings on the job quality differential between both groups. The LFS is used to measure a job quality index for the period 2005–2017. We find that some immigrant groups fare worse than natives, the contribution of the "composition effect" to explain this differential is large, and the institutional framework affects the immigration gap in job quality. In particular, some labour market institutions (more centralized wage bargaining, stricter employment protection legislation) tend to be detrimental for immigrants relative to natives, while integration policies seem to work well in reducing these differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. North Korean women entrepreneurs learning from failure.
- Author
-
Choi, Jinhee and Prins, Esther
- Subjects
- *
BUSINESSWOMEN , *LABOR supply , *IMMIGRANTS , *ETHNOGRAPHIC analysis - Abstract
Migrants' workplace experiences in their host society, including failure, shape their social adjustment, yet how migrants learn from failures is under-investigated. The study presented here examined how North Korean migrants struggling for a foothold in South Korea sought to learn from failures in their workplaces and everyday life. The article draws on nine months of ethnographic research in South Korean restaurants and cafés employing North Korean migrants. Data sources include informal conversations and loosely structured interviews with five purposefully selected women who started, or planned to start, their own enterprise. The findings reveal that these migrants perceived failure in five interrelated spheres: financial, relational, physical, psychological and professional. Participants developed perspectives to understand failure as an integral part of learning in a new society and adopting unfamiliar role expectations and responsibilities. They also applied knowledge they had acquired through their failures to change their approach to their career and to strengthen their personal and business capacity to obtain a legitimate social position. Paradoxically, failures that were beyond their control, such as legal problems, created opportunities to receive practical support from, and increase trust in, South Koreans. In addition to challenging the discourse that portrays North Korean migrants as deficient, these findings contribute to adult education scholarship on migrants' situated learning in their host societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Effects of Spatial Characteristics on Non-Standard Employment for Canada's Immigrant Population.
- Author
-
Ali, Waad, Agyekum, Boadi, Al Nasiri, Noura, Abulibdeh, Ammar, and Chauhan, Shekhar
- Subjects
LABOR supply ,CENSUS ,FOREIGN workers ,IMMIGRANTS ,METROPOLITAN areas ,LOW-income housing - Abstract
Using microdata from Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Population Census, this paper explores how spatial characteristics are correlated with temporary employment outcomes for Canada's immigrant population. Results from ordinary least square regression models suggest that census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (CMAs/CAs) characterized by a high share of racialized immigrants, immigrants in low-income, young, aged immigrants, unemployed immigrants, and immigrants employed in health and service occupations were positively associated with an increase in temporary employment for immigrants. Furthermore, findings from principal component regression models revealed that a combination of spatial characteristics, namely CMAs/CAs characterized by both a high share of unemployed immigrants and immigrants in poverty, had a greater likelihood of immigrants being employed temporarily. The significance of this study lies in the spatial conceptualization of temporary employment for immigrants that could better inform spatially targeted employment policies, especially in the wake of the structural shift in the nature of work brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Employment of highly-skilled migrants during the pandemic: Focus on internal migration in Indonesia.
- Author
-
Arifin, Evi Nurvidya and Ananta, Aris
- Subjects
INTERNAL migration ,LABOR supply ,COVID-19 pandemic ,IMMIGRANTS ,PANDEMICS ,EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
This article examines whether highly-skilled migrants (HSMs) have better employment prospects compared to low-skilled migrants (LSMs), highly-skilled non-migrants (HSNMs) and low-skilled non-migrants (LSNMs) during the unsettling time of the COVID-19 pandemic. This question was explored by focusing on internal migration in Indonesia utilizing the August 2020 National Labor Force Survey, which includes several pandemic-related information. The study examined employment in terms of working status, change in hours worked and change in income. The results indicate that having high skills was very important in coping with the disruptions in the labor market, regardless of the migration status. The highly-skilled migrants were the second best (after the highly-skilled non-migrants) in coping with the crisis. As this study focused on migration, future research should focus more on short-term mobility, such as commuters, who were likely to have been more disadvantaged by mobility restrictions during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Fertility implications of family-based regularizations.
- Author
-
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina, Borra, Cristina, and Rivera-Garrido, Noelia
- Subjects
FERTILITY ,HUMAN fertility ,RESIDENCE requirements ,UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,LABOR supply ,REGULARIZATION parameter - Abstract
We examine the fertility impact of a family-based regularization policy granting temporary legal status to unauthorized immigrants based on their offspring's citizenship. The policy, enacted through a 2011 Royal Decree in Spain, allows for unauthorized parents of eligible nationalities to become temporary legal residents if they have a Spanish minor. Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (2007–2016), along with a quasi-experimental approach that exploits the change in legal residency eligibility requirements, we show that the policy has significantly increased the childbearing likelihood of eligible mothers, even though the overall increase in fertility nationwide remains trivial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Settlers, target‐earners, young professionals. Distinct migrant types, distinct integration trajectories?
- Author
-
Spanner, Franziska and Diehl, Claudia
- Subjects
- *
TURKS , *IMMIGRANTS , *LABOR supply , *PROFESSIONAL employees - Abstract
In this article, we start out from theoretical concepts about different types of migrants that feature prominently in the immigration literature. By applying latent class analysis to a unique 'mini‐panel' data set on recent Polish and Turkish immigrants in Germany, we identify two types of migrants that are in line with the literature, namely settlers and target‐earners. We label a third group that is best described as educational target‐earners: 'young learners/professionals'. Regarding variation in these groups' early sociocultural integration patterns, results suggest that they reflect primarily differences in migrants' intention to stay, individual resources such as education, and opportunities for integration related to newcomers' involvement in the educational system or labour force. In sum, migrant types – though certainly more intuitively appealing and vivid than single 'variables' – seem to have limited explanatory power when it comes to predicting newcomers' early integration trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Addressing Health Inequities for Children in Immigrant Families: Psychologists as Leaders and Links Across Systems.
- Author
-
Alegría, Margarita, O’Malley, Isabel Shaheen, Smith, Robert, Rosania, Andrea Useche, Boyd, Azariah, Cuervo-Torello, Fernando, Williams, David R., and Acevedo-Garcia, Dolores
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *WELL-being , *COVID-19 , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PROFESSIONAL employee training , *SOCIAL norms , *MATHEMATICAL models , *FAMILIES , *PSYCHOLOGISTS , *RACE , *PUBLIC health , *MENTAL health , *LABOR supply , *CONSUMER activism , *HEALTH care teams , *THEORY , *HEALTH equity , *PUBLIC welfare , *ECONOMIC aspects of diseases , *POVERTY , *WOUNDS & injuries , *HEALTH promotion , *COVID-19 pandemic , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *CHILDREN - Abstract
What can psychologists do to address social determinants of health and promote health equity among America’s approximately 20 million children in immigrant families (CIF)? This article identifies gaps in current research and argues for a stronger role for psychologists. Psychologists can advocate for and enact changes in institutional systems that contribute to inequities in social determinants of health and promote resources and services necessary for CIF to flourish. We consider systemic exclusionary and discriminatory barriers faced by CIF, including a heightened anti-immigrant political climate, continued threat of immigration enforcement, restricted access to the social safety net, and the disproportionate health, economic, and educational burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight the potential role of psychologists in (a) leading prevention that addresses stressors such as poverty and trauma; (b) changing systems to mitigate risk factors for CIF; (c) expanding workforce development across multiple disciplines to better serve their needs; (d) identifying mechanisms, such as racial profiling, that contribute to health inequity, and viewing them as public health harms; and (e) guiding advocacy for resources at local, state, and federal levels, including by linking discriminatory policies or practices with health inequity. A key recommendation to increase psychologists’ impact is for academic and professional institutions to strengthen relationships with policymakers to effectively convey these findings in spaces where decisions about policies and practices are made. We conclude that psychologists are well positioned to promote systemic change across multiple societal levels and disciplines to improve the well-being of CIF and offer them a better future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Government Policies for the Migrant Workforce in India: Endeavour towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
- Author
-
Sahoo, Sanjaya Kumar and Swain, Sukanta Chandra
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,SUSTAINABLE development ,MIGRANT labor ,IMMIGRANTS ,LABOR supply ,EMPLOYEE rights - Abstract
The migrant workers having low skill are deprived of their basic rights. Further, they are working in the low paid salary and exploitative working conditions. The 8th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is to promote inclusive growth in a sustainable way by providing respectable job with augmented productivity for all. This goal is to protect the rights of all types of the labour including migrant labour, by providing safe and secure environment. The 10th SDG is to scale-down the level of inequality both internally and internationally. It is found that the country like India fails to achieve those objectives. In this Paper, the primary and secondary data is collected from different sources for a descriptive research study. For in-depth interviews, 100 migrant workers are selected on the basis of the convenient sampling. This research aims to analyze different government policies that may facilitate the migrant workers to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The management of second-generation migrant workers in China: A case study of centrifugal paternalism.
- Author
-
Zhu, Jingqi and Delbridge, Rick
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,PATERNALISM ,INDIVIDUAL development ,LABOR supply ,QUALITATIVE research ,EMPLOYEES ,ABILITY ,TRAINING ,EMPLOYMENT ,PERSONNEL management - Abstract
How have organisations sought to manage tensions between the needs for flexible labour in neoliberal market economies and the benefits of a committed and motivated workforce? Through an in-depth, qualitative study of a Chinese company, we identify and theorise a novel variation of paternalism that was developed by the organisation to manage the tensions under neoliberal capitalism. We label this management regime 'centrifugal paternalism' since it organises employment relations along the lines of 'adult-like' employers and 'child-like' employees but involves the diminution of employee dependency over time with an ultimate impulse away from the employing organisation. We find that the emergence of centrifugal paternalism is closely related both to the socio-demographic identity of the company's employees as China's second-generation migrant workers and to the economic context of the organisation. Through a 'tough love' approach, this regime allows the firm to secure flexible labour while responding to migrant workers' needs for personal skills development and a fruitful rural-to-urban transition. Our research responds to recent calls for reconnecting organisation studies with society and situating workplace practices within their contexts. It also underlines the enduring importance of paternalism for understanding the dynamic and evolving nature of capitalist employment relations and management regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Intergenerational Transmission of Female Labour Force Participation by Gender among Native and Immigrant Europeans: A Focus on Religion.
- Author
-
Stranges, Manuela
- Subjects
LABOR supply ,WORKING mothers ,WOMEN immigrants ,SONS ,RELIGIOUS identity ,MOTHER-daughter relationship ,GENDER - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore the intergenerational transmission of female labor force participation from mothers to children. Using data collected by the European Social Survey from 2002 to 2018 (N = 118,219), we analyse four different samples of native and immigrant women and men in order to assess the relationship between working mothers and their daughters and sons' wives participation to the labour market. For both native and immigrant women, having had their mothers employed when the respondents were 14 was associated with higher probability they were employed at the time of survey. Similarly, for both native and immigrant men, having had their mothers employed when the respondents were 14 was associated with higher probability their wives were employed at the time of the survey. We concentrate our attention on the role of religion. We find that religiosity is negatively related to the participation of women in the labour market, with differences between those who had a working mother and those who had not. Results of some augmented models indicate that the intergenerational transmission of female labor force participation varies according to religious affiliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Challenges of Migrant Labor in Developing India.
- Author
-
Choudhury, Rahul Gupta
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,COVID-19 pandemic ,LABOR supply ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Purpose: Every educated Indian knew about the migrant labor problem - but it reached crisis point with the advent of COVID-19 and especially with the imposition of lockdowns across the country. The plight of migrant workers and their families reaching us through TV and newspapers on a daily basis moved me to learn more about this challenge and if possible, provide some solutions. Methodology: The methodology adapted for this study is mainly qualitative in nature. Most of the information/data has been collated from secondary data sources. The rest of the article is written from the backdrop of ground workers and experts in this area - some of them has been grappling through this big challenge for over decades. Results: India is talking about a demographic dividend where more than 50% of its population is less than 25 years of age. So, India has a workforce which is relatively young and hence the economy is upbeat about its growth potential. However, the ground realities are not quite so promising. Almost 90% of the total workforce of India is in the unorganized sector and they have no protection from any quarters – so much so, that they are often referred to as invisible. These workers are mostly migrants from the rural sector to the urban centers and many of them are seasonal in nature. India is talking about a demographic dividend where more than 50% of its population is less than 25 years of age. So, India has a workforce which is relatively young and hence the economy is upbeat about its growth potential. However, the ground realities are not quite so promising. Almost 90% of the total workforce of India is in the unorganized sector and they have no protection from any quarters – so much so, that they are often referred to as invisible. These workers are mostly migrants from the rural sector to the urban centers and many of them are seasonal in nature. Research limitations: So, governmental regulations have to be put in place to protect them on one side, and proper skilling should be done to upgrade them from their current jobs which are mostly hazardous in nature. Industry also has to be encouraged to automate the hazardous and repetitive tasks in their jobs and simultaneously to adapt to 4G technology as early as possible. Another important step to be taken is to build in rapid urbanization in the growth story of India. It is estimated that the top 100 cities of India are easily capable of absorbing the migrant workers and create a win-win situation. The economy of the country will also benefit and the migrant workforce, including their families, will also settle down to a life of relative security and prosperity. There is also a need to talk to the migrant workers and their families. Detailed discussions with them across the length and breadth of the country will give us more insights into the nature and magnitude of the problem that the country faces. This is important because these workers may not be a homogeneous mass – rather, there may be sub-groups which require different solutions depending on the state or the region they come from. Originality: The issue in India is newly rediscovered. Till this time, it was under the surface. Now it has come to the forefront of the national discourse and hence this article is very relevant at this point in time. The suggestions given are of high value and needs to be implemented on a war footing in order to avoid a disaster in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
36. New Canadians Working amid a New Normal: Recent Immigrant Wage Penalties in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
- Author
-
Lamb, Danielle, Banerjee, Rupa, and Emanuel, Talia
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *IMMIGRANTS , *WAGE differentials , *LABOR supply , *EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed and arguably intensified many existing inequalities. This analysis explores the relationship between recent immigrant earnings and the pandemic. Specifically, we attempt to empirically answer the question "Has the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated (or mitigated) recent immigrant–non-immigrant employment and wage gaps?" We find that the pandemic did not change the labour force activity profile of recent or long-term immigrants. Moreover, the pandemic did not disproportionately disadvantage recent immigrants' earnings. In fact, recent immigrant men who were employed during the COVID-19 crisis experienced a small but statistically significant earnings premium. This was insufficient, however, to overcome the overall earnings discount associated with being a recent immigrant. In addition, we find that the recent immigrant COVID-19 earnings boost is observable only at and below the median of the earnings distribution. We also use Heckman selection correction to attempt to adjust for unobserved sample selection into employment during the pandemic. The fact that COVID-19 has not worsened recent immigrant earnings gaps should not overshadow the large, recent immigrant earnings disparities that existed before the pandemic and continue to exist regardless of the COVID-19 crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. 'Strange eyes': Immigrant perceptions of racism during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
- Author
-
Newbold, K. Bruce, Vrabic, Kaylah, Wayland, Sarah, Wahoush, Olive, and Weerakoon, Yudara
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,RACE discrimination ,ANTI-Asian racism ,RACISM ,LABOR supply ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
As the COVID‐19 pandemic emerged, instances of anti‐immigrant racism and more specifically anti‐Asian racism appeared to increase across Canada. Recognising the need to further explore and document racism and its link with the COVID‐19 pandemic, this paper explores the impact of COVID‐19 on the experiences of racism and discrimination. Using neoracism as a theoretical framework, the research is set in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, a city that has struggled with high levels of racism and discrimination in recent years. The paper draws upon both an online survey as well as interviews that explored the lived experiences of racialized individuals within the city and their experiences with racism as the pandemic progressed. Results note that individuals felt that racism and discrimination increased during the pandemic and was experienced in housing, the labour force and other public situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Influences of origin and destination on migrant fertility in Europe.
- Author
-
Mussino, Eleonora and Cantalini, Stefano
- Subjects
FERTILITY ,HUMAN fertility ,FAMILY reunification ,IMMIGRANTS ,LABOR supply - Abstract
The current study examines the quantum of childbearing of migrants from low‐fertility contexts (Poland and Romania) at multiple destinations (Italy and the United Kingdom), and compares them to stayers at origin and to nonmigrants at destination, combining the multiorigin/multidestination approach with the 'context‐of‐origin' perspective. Using data from the Labour Force Surveys (2009–2015) and adopting a gender and a couple perspective, we show that Polish and Romanian women have fewer children than nonmigrants at destinations. Romanian migrant women and men have a fertility similar to that of stayers at the origin, especially in United Kingdom, suggesting a socialization pattern for this group. Our findings also suggest the presence of the disruption mechanism for migrants, mainly in the short term, combined with a 'catch‐up' in the long run explained by family reunification, primarily in Italy. However, the 'catch‐up' over time of residence is found to be slower compared to previous studies. Finally, we find selection into migration and into different destination play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A Case for Federal Labor Legislation to Protect Underpaid Home Care Workers.
- Author
-
Gray Rendón, Amanda
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL laws , *HOUSEKEEPING , *IMMIGRANTS , *WORK environment , *WELL-being , *CAREGIVERS , *INDUSTRIAL safety , *HOME care services , *BLACK people , *LABOR laws , *CONTINUING education units , *LABOR supply , *EMPLOYEE rights , *OCCUPATIONAL hazards , *HEALTH equity , *FEDERAL government - Abstract
The National Domestic Worker's Bill of Rights Act aimed to remedy nearly a century of labor and health inequities facing a majority of the home health workforce--including home health workers, personal care aides, and professional caregivers--who are women of color and immigrants. Although the bill did not pass, the National Domestic Workers Alliance and its affiliates continue to organize a new labor movement inclusive of home care workers that supports federal legislation and adequate labor protections for their members, particularly in right-to-work states like Texas and in municipalities where hazardous working conditions and low wages contribute to the perceived disposability and devaluation of care labor. Home care workers require federal labor protections that will hold states accountable for the health and well-being of this essential workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Family Matters: Navigating the Intentional Precarity of Racialized Migrant and Refugee Workers in Canadian Meatpacking.
- Author
-
Bragg, Bronwyn and Hyndman, Jennifer
- Subjects
- *
MEAT packing , *LABOR supply , *IMMIGRANTS , *COVID-19 pandemic , *BUSINESS partnerships - Abstract
In Canada, the meatpacking industry relies heavily on a workforce comprised of racialized migrants and immigrants, many of whom are former refugees. In the spring of 2020, the industry saw devastating COVID-19 outbreaks leading to hundreds of infections, numerous fatalities and plant closures in Southern Alberta. Based on findings from a community-university research partnership, the intersections of immigration status and the conditions of work faced by im/migrant-refugee workers are analyzed in the Alberta meatpacking industry. Drawing on 225 survey responses and 17 qualitative interviews with im/migrant and refugee workers, the concept of 'intentional precarity' is advanced to explore the strategies that the industry uses to maintain a docile workforce. This paper makes three contributions. First, we present original accounts of the 2020 COVID-19 outbreaks in Canadian meatpacking from the perspective of im/migrant workers; second, we demonstrate that im/migrant workers are not just autonomous labourers, but rather people embedded in caring and kin networks that are both local and transnational; and third, we unpack the fraught relationship between im/migrant workers, their families and the dirty, difficult, dangerous (3D) – and, during COVID-19, deadly – work environments. We argue that families act as a buffer against 3D work by offering protection and assistance in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 outbreaks in slaughterhouses. Yet, obligations to support family are also often the primary reason for workers to take jobs in meatpacking in the first place. Au Canada, l'industrie de conditionnement de la viande dépend fortement d'une main-d'œuvre composée d'immigrés et d'immigrants racialisés, dont beaucoup sont d'anciens réfugiés. Au print-emps 2020, l'industrie a connu des épidémies dévastatrices de COVID-19 qui ont entraîné des centaines d'infections, de nombreux décès et la fermeture d'usines dans le sud de l'Alberta. Sur la base des résultats d'un partenariat de recherche communauté-université, les intersections entre le statut d'immigration et les conditions de travail auxquelles sont confrontés les travailleurs immigrés-réfugiés sont analysées dans l'industrie de conditionnement de la viande en Alberta. À partir de 225 réponses à un sondage et de 17 entrevues qualitatives avec des travailleurs immigrants, immigrés et réfugiés, le concept de " précarité intentionnelle " est avancé pour explorer les stratégies utilisées par l'industrie pour maintenir une main-d'œuvre docile. Cet article apporte trois contributions. Premièrement, nous présentons des comptes-rendus originaux des épidémies de COVID-19 de 2020 dans l'industrie canadienne de conditionnement de la viande du point de vue des travailleurs immigrés et migrants ; deuxièmement, nous démontrons que les travailleurs immigrés et migrants ne sont pas seulement des travailleurs autonomes, mais plutôt des personnes intégrées dans des réseaux de soins et de parenté à la fois locaux et transnationaux ; et troisièmement, nous dévoilons la relation tendue entre les travailleurs immigrés et migrants, leurs familles et les environnements de travail sales, difficiles, dangereux (3D) et, pendant le COVID-19, mortels. Nous postulons que les familles agissent comme un tampon contre le travail en 3D en offrant protection et assistance en temps de crise, comme les épidémies de COVID-19 dans les abattoirs. Pourtant, l'obligation de subvenir aux besoins de la famille est souvent la raison principale pour laquelle les travailleurs acceptent un emploi dans l'industrie de la viande. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Expanding worker voice and labor rights in global supply chains: Standard setting, verification, and traceability.
- Author
-
Wheeler, Jeffrey
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *WORK environment , *VIOLENCE in the workplace , *EMPLOYEE attitudes , *LABOR unions , *HEALTH services administration , *INDUSTRIAL safety , *MANUFACTURING industries , *BLUE collar workers , *REGULATORY approval , *LABOR supply , *RISK assessment , *EMPLOYEE rights , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *WAGES , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *CERTIFICATION - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Workplace ostracism among immigrant workers: The moderating effect of cultural identity salience and interpersonal harmony value.
- Author
-
Williams, Myia S. and Cong Liu
- Subjects
- *
EMPLOYEE psychology , *WORK environment , *IMMIGRANTS , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *ACCULTURATION , *GROUP identity , *SOCIAL isolation , *LABOR supply , *JOB involvement , *FACTOR analysis , *MENTAL depression , *ANGER , *ANXIETY - Abstract
Most of the workplace ostracism research focused on the consequences, while only a small stream has tried to understand the antecedents of ostracism. To achieve a culturally inclusive workforce, it is important to examine the antecedents of workplace ostracism experienced by immigrant employees. In this study, we examined acculturation demands, workplace ostracism, and employee outcomes among immigrant employees in the United States. In this time-lagged study, we found that acculturation demands were positively related to workplace ostracism among immigrant employees. Heritage cultural identity salience (HCIS) and harmony enhancement (HE) significantly buffered the relationship between acculturation demands and workplace ostracism, respectively. Finally, our data supported two first-stage moderated mediation models in which the indirect effects of acculturation demands on immigrant workers' work engagement and job strains (anger, anxiety, and depressive symptoms) via workplace ostracism were stronger when HCIS and HE was low rather than high. The results of this research study are timely as they provide useful insights into the interpersonal experiences of immigrant employees in the U.S. workforce. This study will help raise awareness of the challenges faced by immigrants in an American workforce. Practical implications, as well as theoretical contributions, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Reassessing the commuting penalty for immigrants: new evidence from Spain.
- Author
-
Casado-Díaz, José M., Simón-Albert, Raquel, and Simón, Hipólito
- Subjects
COMMUTING ,LABOR supply ,IMMIGRANTS ,CHOICE of transportation - Abstract
This article examines the differences in commuting length between native and immigrant employees in Spain, a relevant issue since immigrants' longer commuting times may, among other factors, reflect an imperfect spatial matching of their labour supply and demand with negative implications for their relative labour outcomes and their individual well-being. The research differentiates immigrants according to their origin and is based on a rich, nationally representative database. A novel contribution of the research is the use of decomposition econometric techniques that allow quantifying the joint and individual influence of a wide range of explanatory factors. The evidence obtained shows that, although a relevant part of the explanation of the greater commuting observed for immigrants is related to observed elements such as a different use of modes of transport, they make overall significantly longer journeys when comparing with observationally similar natives. This commuting penalty occurs yet only in the case of immigrants from emerging countries as it does not exist for those from advanced economies. Although the penalty is overall rather similar along several sociodemographic and occupational lines, it is much more pronounced for individuals living in large municipalities, which implies that previous analyses focusing on specific densely populated territories could not be nationally representative. To conclude, we offer additional novel evidence about the potential explanations of the commuting penalty of immigrants showing that it does not seem to derive from a hypothetically greater tolerance to commuting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Educational selectivity of native and foreign-born internal migrants in Europe.
- Author
-
González-Leonardo, Miguel, Bernard, Aude, García-Román, Joan, and López-Gay, Antonio
- Subjects
INTERNAL migrants ,INTERNAL migration ,IMMIGRANTS ,LABOR supply ,POSTSECONDARY education ,BEAR populations - Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-established that internal migration is selective, particularly with respect to age, educational attainment, and nativity status. However, the interplay between education and immigrants' origin remains largely unknown. Thus, it is unclear how the educational selectivity of internal migration varies by nativity status. OBJECTIVE We establish the educational selectivity of internal migrants in 12 European countries, paying attention to variation between native and foreign-born populations born in and outside the European Union. METHOD We use microdata from the European Union Labour Force Survey (2015-2019) and run a series of multivariate binomial logistic regressions to estimate the likelihood of changing NUTS-2 region of residence by educational attainment. RESULTS Our results confirm a positive association between tertiary education and internal migration, except for in Slovenia, Greece, and the Czech Republic. On average, completing tertiary education increases the likelihood of migrating internally by close to 3 times, compared with less than 1.5 times for secondary education. In half the countries, secondary education displays either a negative or no association with internal migration. We find evidence of a strong positive selectivity of tertiary-educated foreign-born populations, who are on average twice as likely to migrate internally than the native-born with comparable education, except in Hungary, where immigrants are less likely to migrate internally. CONCLUSION By redistributing skills within a country, immigrants are integral to the effective functioning of labour markets. CONTRIBUTION This study provides new evidence on the educational selectivity of internal migration across Europe and shows that the gradient is typically stronger among the foreign-born. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The interacting effects of religion and birthplace on the labour market outcomes of Asian immigrants in Australia.
- Author
-
De Alwis, Sheruni, Parr, Nick, and Guo, Fei
- Subjects
ASIANS ,LABOR market ,LABOR supply ,BIRTHPLACES ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,RELIGIOUS adherents ,UNEMPLOYMENT statistics - Abstract
Immigration from a diverse range of source countries has been instrumental in increasing the diversity of religions among Australia's population. Immigrants' religious adherences may affect their labour market outcomes and integration into the host society more broadly by influencing their accumulation of human capital, work and family-related attitudes and values, social networks, and experiences of discrimination. Such effects of religion may differ between immigrants from different countries of origin. This paper examines the effects of religion and birthplace on unemployment, labour force participation and occupational status using 2016 Australian Census data, paying particular attention to the largest Asian immigrant groups. The results show that religion has stronger effects on labour force participation for females than for males. Christians tend to have higher employment and occupational status than Muslims and Buddhists. The results show the variations in labour force participation and occupational status between people with different religions are generally wider within immigrant groups than among the Australia-born, and the pattern of variation differs between Asian country of birth groups. The study demonstrates the importance of religion to the delineation of the heterogenous paths of economic integration of immigrant populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Labour Force, Occupational Changes and Socioeconomic Level of Return Emigrants in India.
- Author
-
Rajan, S. Irudaya and Amuthan, S.
- Subjects
LABOR supply ,SOCIOECONOMICS ,IMMIGRANTS ,COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) ,EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
The study examines labour force participation, occupational changes and unemployment levels of Indian return emigrants at the time of leaving from their country of destination and after return to the country of origin. Further, this article extends the debate on the socioeconomic level of return migrants, post their return, in comparison to the non-migrants. The data from the 64th round of the National Sample Survey (NSS), which is the latest available data on return migration, has been utilised for this study to explore the pre- and post-return migration statuses. The result shows that the occupational changes are substantially different in the pre- and post-return phases. Meanwhile, the labour force participation ratio is seen to have significantly declined among the return migrants. In addition, unemployment ratio is seen to be significantly higher for both pre- and post-return periods while economic level of return migrants is observed to be better than non-migrants. However, among the return migrants, the poorest are most likely to return than the richest and the category of middle class five times more likely to than richest. The study concludes that return migrants drastically suffered from unemployment and financial problems after return to the country of origin. As a way of addressing these issues, some appropriate policy levels indicated by this analysis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. MANNING, STANTON CALL ON BIDEN ADMINISTRATION TO IMPROVE IMMIGRANT WORK AUTHORIZATIONS, ADDRESS WORKFORCE SHORTAGES
- Subjects
Refugees ,Legislators ,Immigrants ,Emigration and immigration ,Employee development ,Labor supply ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- The following information was released by the office of North Carolina Rep. Kathy Manning: Today, Representatives Kathy Manning (NC-06), Chair of the New Democrat Coalition (NDC) Workforce [...]
- Published
- 2024
48. STANTON, MANNING CALL ON BIDEN ADMINISTRATION TO IMPROVE IMMIGRANT WORK AUTHORIZATIONS, ADDRESS WORKFORCE SHORTAGES
- Subjects
Refugees ,Legislators ,Immigrants ,Emigration and immigration ,Employee development ,Labor supply ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- The following information was released by the office of Arizona Rep. Greg Stanton: Today, Representatives Greg Stanton (AZ-04), Chair of the New Democrat Coalition's Immigration Task Force, [...]
- Published
- 2024
49. COVID-19 violence and the structural determinants of death: Canada's seasonal agricultural worker programme.
- Author
-
Lee, Rachel Seungyun, Collins, Kimberlee, and Perez-Brumer, Amaya
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRANTS , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *SOCIAL justice , *WORLD health , *AGRICULTURAL laborers , *PRACTICAL politics , *HEALTH equity , *COVID-19 pandemic , *LABOR supply - Abstract
The Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) is a managed migration programme that aims to fill labour shortages in Canada's agricultural industry with Black and Brown workers from the global South. For decades, migrant workers, scholars, and advocate groups have called for fundamental changes to address power imbalances produced by the design of the SAWP. The continued operation of the SAWP during the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the underlying structural violence that migrant labourers experience. Analysing the SAWP as a case study in how globalised labour processes dehumanise and make workers disposable, we argue that it is one component in a web of social and structural factors rooted in colonialism and racial capitalism, constituting the structural determinants of death. Whereas the structural determinants of health point to health 'inequities' and 'disparities', we advance the concept of structural determinants of death to politicise the numerous and multidimensional forms of violence embedded within state policy and to shed light on their beneficiaries. In doing so, we detail how policies can diminish the agency necessary to avoid death in deadly conditions and, specifically, draw attention to the preventable suffering and death perpetuated by the SAWP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Career Transitioning Experiences of Nigerian Economic Immigrants in Canada: Reliance on Christian Faith and Personal Agency.
- Author
-
Adekoya, Ibukunoluwa and Sinacore, Ada L.
- Subjects
AFRICANS ,LABOR supply ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,IMMIGRANTS ,UNEMPLOYMENT statistics - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Counselling & Psychotherapy / Revue Canadienne de Counseling et de Psychothérapie is the property of Canadian Counselling & Psychotherapy Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.