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The article focuses on Festival of Sacrifice that starts in Muslim world on July 9, 2022 and mentions grappling inflation rate of Turkey. Topics discussed include fallen young people and pensioners below poverty line, record of export that helped in economic expansion and exceeded value of dollar deposits in banks in Turkey.

The article focuses on Festival of Sacrifice that starts in Muslim world on July 9, 2022 and mentions grappling inflation rate of Turkey. Topics discussed include fallen young people and pensioners below poverty line, record of export that helped in economic expansion and exceeded value of dollar deposits in banks in Turkey.

The article explores the expansion of the world economy despite the trade war between the U.S. and China in 2019. The U.S. and Europe have experienced gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Also discussed is the movement of economic indicators of selected countries, including bond yields, supply and demand, and interest rates. Central banks in emerging markets have followed the U.S. government's monetary loosening.

The article looks at economic policy in the industrialized countries, focusing on the causes and consequences of the extended period of very low interest rates. It discusses the question of whether central bank monetary policies or underlying economic conditions are more responsible for the low interest rates. Topics include the relationship, if any, between interest rates and economic growth; the impact of population aging; and bond market trends.

This article reports on changing notions of state and government in 2011 as countries adjust to domestic, international, private sector, and public sector changes. The article discusses non-government organisations (NGOs) in China and whether the country will shift to a smaller government. Information is provided on the cost and expansion of governments, the global economy, and the growth of business.

The article looks at how China's economic expansion will affect growth and jobs around the globe. "What you cannot avoid, welcome," says an old Chinese proverb. The world would be wise to bear it in mind in its dealings with China. The country's global integration will have a bigger impact on the world economy than that of any previous emerging economy. Fortunately, though, it will be mostly a force for good, boosting overall prosperity. China's ascent will affect the outside world more than Japan's did in its time, not only because of the potential size of its economy but also because of two distinct features. First, for such a big economy it is unusually open to trade and investment. The second feature is that Chinese manufacturers have access to an almost unlimited supply of cheap labour. By some estimates, there are almost 200m underemployed workers in rural areas that could move into industry. The idea that China may become the world's biggest economy, with an enormous army of cheap workers, fills many in the rich western world with dread. Yet China's combination of rapid growth, vast size and openness could deliver a big boost to incomes outside China as well as at home. Rather like America when it entered the world economy in the late 19th century, China will be giving a huge boost to both global demand and supply.

The article looks at special economic zones (SEZs), reporting that many developing countries are planning to create new SEZs. It discusses political and other factors that account for their success or failure in spurring trade and economic growth and how economists view them. Topics include manufacturing versus financial SEZs, the many SEZs in China, and novel related concepts such as charter cities, or special governance zones.

The article focuses on a report related to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic to world economy in 2020 by Global Economic Prospects (GEP). Topics include the report expected global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to expand by 2.5 percent in 2020, world economy is expected to grow helped by the roll-out of vaccines, and government debt may harm economic growth.

The article provides a forecast for the expansion of the Germany economy amid threats of a slowdown in 2019. It attributes the scenario to a decline in manufacturing output, reduced business confidence and higher inflation. The relationship between the slowdown and Germany's export-oriented economic growth model is discussed, as well as the consequences of a decrease in the country's gross domestic product (GDP) .

The article focuses on China's construction of a motorway across the area known as the Tibetan plateau. Topics include the expansion of China's road network, the increase in middle class Chinese that own cars in 2012, and the current use of the G6 Expressway, which connects towns along the Western border of China.

In this article the author discusses the performance of the economy of South Korea current in September 2008. It is noted that in spite of the fact that president Lee Myung-bak was elected on an assurance of economic expansion, commerce in South Korea appeared to be slowing. A variety of factors are blamed for this development including union activity, dependence on manufacturing at the expense of a service economy, and pressure on small business.

The article examines the economic development taking place in the North African and Middle Eastern nations on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It is noted that globalization has had a significant impact on the region and that foreign direct investment in the area has increased. Among other issues, the region is discussed as a major shipping hub.

The article discusses the benefits China and its neighbors have enjoyed since joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). Initially, many feared that China's entry to the WTO would make it even more attractive to foreign investment and manufacturing, but the article reports that ten Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries saw $37 billion investment in 2005. WTO membership has bound China more tightly to a pan Asian production network and regional trade with its neighbors.

The article offers information related to the economic expansion of the U.S. Topics discussed include expansion of the economy despite global manufacturing downturns in 2016 and 2019; monetary tightening by the Federal Reserve; faster growth in wages for workers at the bottom of the income distribution; increases in minimum-wage rates of low-wage workers and continued strength in wage growth for low earners.

This article discusses the effects of India's unstable infrastructure on international business investments. For many investors in India infrastructure determines where to build, and is the biggest operational challenge. In 2006 a study, found that the most important constraint holding back the country's economic growth is low spending on infrastructure. However, India's government, held back by its relatively low tax revenues and high fiscal deficits, has not been able to fix it.

The article discusses forecasts that the U.S. economy will expand. The scenario has been attributed to the creation of more jobs, the decline in the unemployment rate and the growth of gross domestic product (GDP). The Federal Reserve has been expected to cut interest rates. However, the economy is expected to face some challenges including the trade war involving the U.S. and an increase in private debts.

The article speculates that if reforms continue, China's economy could surge ahead for many more years. The official figures may slightly overstate the growth rate, but China is still likely one day to overtake America and become the world's number one economy. In fact, China was the largest economy for much of recorded history. Until the 15th century, China had the highest income per head and was the technological leader. But then it suddenly turned its back on the world. Now China is making up lost ground. Even if its economy slows sharply over the next couple of years, its long-term prospects remain bright. Most of China's growth over the past quarter-century can be explained by high rates of investment and the movement of workers from subsistence farming, where their marginal productivity is close to zero, to more productive use in industry. But China's growth is not based simply on cheap labour: wages are lower in India and Vietnam. It also has the advantages of good infrastructure, an educated workforce, a high rate of saving available to finance investment and, most important of all, an extremely open economy. Moreover, China has welcomed foreign direct investment, which has bolstered growth by increasing the stock of fixed capital and by providing new technology and management know-how. China faces many obstacles to growth: its fragile banking system, the lack of a transparent legal system, corruption, the risk of social and political unrest caused by widening income inequalities or the abuse of human rights, and severe environmental pollution. Yet if reforms continue, there are good reasons to believe that rapid growth can be sustained.

Since the post-unification boomlet ended in 1994, German economic growth has averaged only 1.6% a year, the lowest rate in the European Union. Foreign direct investment into Germany has been paltry, and virtually all of Germany's biggest firms are setting up plants abroad to make products more cheaply. Bankruptcies this year are a third up even on last year's record. The hourly cost of labour in manufacturing industry in western Germany, including wages, social-security (including health) and pension contributions, is 13% more than in America, 43% more than in Britain and 59% more than in Spain. The Germans have been dismayed suddenly to find their firms vulnerable to hostile foreign raiders. A new era started in 1998 when Daimler-Benz bought Chrysler, and other examples of German firms "thinking big" and "going west". But the business climate has got tougher, and a few years on several of those other link-ups look less triumphant. One reason why Germany's biggest firms, such as Volkswagen AG, stand up to world competition is that they invariably have special deals to keep their workforces flexible. The country's Mittelstand of small and medium-sized firms enjoys less flexibility. With so much to complain about, how do so many German firms still manage to do so well? The answer lies in good old-fashioned hard work, efficiency, attention to detail and precision, pride and high standards, particularly in engineering.

The article presents information on economic development and business environment in poor countries. According to a United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) report, foreign investment in the world's 44 poorest countries has risen steadily over the past decade, from an annual average of under $1 billion in 1987-92 to nearly $3 billion in 1998. It is observed that western firms are tempting targets for local crooks, who feel that stealing from foreigners is less reprehensible.

Discusses the French economy, which has been revised well, and has a low inflation rate, yet still needs more renovation. Award for most improved economic development in the past decade; Unemployment; Inequity between poor and rich; State-dominated economy; Mandatory minimum wage; Interest rates; Details.

Discusses the economy in the United States as of October 12, 1991. How the economy affects Republicans as an election issue; Efforts by President George Bush to diffuse the perception that the recovery will be slow in coming; Debate over various pro-growth packages to stimulate the economy.

The article discusses the response by the Chinese government to the trade war started by U.S. President Donald Trump. It urges the administration of Chinese President Xi Jinping to introduce economic reforms in order to address the trade war and to expand the economy. The government is encouraged to deal with complaints against its economic model by limiting the state's role in allocating capital and to protect the rights of foreign companies operating in the country.

The article looks at economic conditions in the U.S., reporting on the country's strong economic growth and citing the drop in global oil prices and a rise in incomes as factors. Topics include the falling U.S. government budget deficit, U.S. Federal Reserve Board monetary policy, consumer sentiment, and Republicans' views on economic policy.

Several charts are presented with economic data, including gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment rate, and current account balance for numerous countries, movements in various stock price indexes, and forecasts for economic growth rates for several developed countries.

An editorial is presented on economic policy in the industrialized countries, focusing on the low interest rate policies of central banks and on the balance between monetary policy and fiscal policy in promoting economic growth. It expresses the view that central bank monetary policies have accomplished as much as they can and that countries should implement expansionary fiscal policies.

The article focuses on the slow economic recovery of several European Union (EU) countries in 2016. Topics covered include the budget deficits of most countries now under control, the long-term challenges facing the EU, such as the risks posed by the Brexit, and how the tackling of labour- and product-market rigidities can help lift the gross domestic product (GDP) of the euro zone over the next decade.

The article looks at economic conditions and economic policy in Russia as of May 2014, in the context of the international dispute over the country's intervention in Ukraine. Topics include Russia's current account surplus based on its energy exports, trends in its economic growth and inflation rates, and the potential impact of international sanctions against the country.

The article focuses on the electioneering taking place in India in February of 2014 and discusses candidates' focus on the Indian economy. Topics include candidate Rahul Gandhi's focus on economic expansion and capitalism, candidate Narendra Modi's proposed economic policies, and who will win the May of 2014 election.

The article looks at political and economic conditions in France, as of April 2013. It notes economic problems facing the country, including weakness in both domestic demand and exports. It discusses the economic policies of French President François Hollande and his finance minister, Pierre Moscovici. Topics include economic growth forecasts, taxes, austerity policies, and Hollande's public approval ratings.

The article examines economic conditions in sub-Saharan Africa. A survey conducted by the publication found that six of the 10 countries with the highest rates of economic development in 2000-2010 were located in that region. Reasons for this development are discussed including demand for raw materials by China, an increase in foreign investment and better management of economic policy by governments.

The article examines international economic relations. While the global recession affected all countries, there has been a divergence in subsequent economic development. In general, developing countries are seeing a faster recovery than are developed ones. The U.S. is growing slightly less slowly than the countries of the euro area.

The article presents the author's views regarding the political ideologies between late U.S. President Ronald Reagan and President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping. Information about the difference of their supply-side strategy, is provided. Also mentioned is the contribution of Chinese president for the economic development of the country.

The article discusses Great Britain's Labour's party pre-budget report from the chancellor of the exchequer Alistair Darling. The larger than expected shrinking of the economy during the year 2009 is contrasted with the expectations of economic expansion by over one percent in 2010. Darling's raising of the value added tax to help pay for public services is discussed.

The article examines what leads to the successful development of entrepreneurship as a force for economic development. Research into areas where entrepreneurship became such as a force, such as the Silicon Valley region of California, indicates there is no one model which economic policy can encourage. The one common bond entrepreneur-driven economies appears to be the presence of a strong educational system.

The article focuses on the economic recovery of the U.S. economy after the 2008 financial crises. Factors to the economy's development include the declining rate of unemployment, the decrease in prices for fuel and energy products and the decline in inflation and interest rates. The article also cites the importance of productivity growth for the country's continuous economic recovery.

The article looks at economic conditions and economic policy in Japan, focusing on the efforts of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to address the country's economic problems including slow economic growth, below-target inflation rates, and a high level of sovereign debt. Topics include the Japanese government's budget deficit, Bank of Japan monetary policy, and the prospect of other developed countries having economic problems similar to those of Japan.

A debate is presented between Peterson Institute for International Economics head Adam Posen and sustainable development scholar Tim Jackson on the question whether establishing a minimal economic growth rate as a goal for the world's developed countries would have positive or negative results. Topics include climate change and other problems of environmental sustainability, poverty reduction, and technological innovation.

The article reports on the economic state of Argentina current in August 2008. It is noted that six years of significant economic expansion in Argentina's economy may be in danger of slowing down while the rate of inflation increases. The fiscal policies of president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner are assessed.

The article, part of a special section on the growing demand in China for natural resources, reports on the soaring energy costs of China's return to heavy industry. Rapid economic growth fuels demand from Chinese state-owned companies for continual financing from Chinese-state-owned banks, at artificially low interest rates. Financial sector reform is seen as necessary.

The article examines the emerging economy in South Africa, and how to solve the numerous problems associated with it. The South African government is planning on spending $278 billion over three years, starting in 2007, which is an increase of almost 8% a year from what it normally spends. The increased spending is an attempt to raise economic growth. Some economist believe that the government should not be spending, and instead be saving money.

This article discusses the history of business in India. For years India languished under a mixed economy that seemed to blend the worst of socialist planning with the least productive forms of private-sector competition. In 1991, faced with an external-payments crisis, Manmohan Singh, the country's finance minister, began to open up the economy. Increasing numbers of highly skilled, low-cost professionals have made India one of the world's most sought after countries for corporate development.

The article reports that China's economy has continued to grow in 2006, despite predictions to the contrary. Economists fear the economic expansion is moving too rapidly to be sustained. Investment in fixed assets and consumer credit helped growth rates stay at over 10%. China's trade surplus continues to increase, to the delight of the country's leaders. The government's attempts to ensure stability for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing and the Communist Party Congress have been unsuccessful.

The article mentions a study released by the GSM Association which reports developing countries' taxes on mobile phones. Most countries charge value-added tax on handsets. Many also impose customs duties on imported phones. Subscribers may face further taxes when they sign up, as well as VAT on calls and, sometimes, additional telecoms-specific taxes too. Hardly surprisingly, developing countries with high mobile taxes generally have far fewer mobile phones per person than those with low taxes. Cutting taxes can boost adoption: India has reduced its handset import duties over the past three years, helping to boost penetration from less than 1% to more than 5%. Raising taxes can slow adoption: monthly subscriber growth in Bangladesh fell from 11% to 7% after the introduction of a $14 connection tax in June. Of course, governments have to tax something, and mobile phones are convenient. The job of collecting taxes can be passed on to network operators, who already have to keep track of their customers' usage in order to charge them properly. But the cost of the taxes, in social, economic and developmental benefits forgone, is high. Most governments say they want to extend access to communications and close the "digital divide". Special mobile-phone taxes have exactly the opposite effect. The study models the effects of various changes in tax policy. Scrapping all import duties and sales taxes on low-cost handsets, for example, could prompt 930m additional sales by 2010. Although this would dent tax revenues in the short term, these new subscribers would pay an extra $25 billion to $45 billion in usage taxes over the same period. Less drastically, every reduction of one percentage point in sales taxes on mobile services would result in a 2% increase in mobile penetration between 2006 and 2010 in a typical developing country, the study predicts.

The article focuses on Tesco, the biggest retailer in Britain. Tesco's customers are made up of the wealthy, middling and poor in just the same proportions as shoppers in the country as a whole. Tesco has prospered by conquering the centre ground. The store that was once best known for being cheap now stocks expensive beef fillets in elaborate sauces. It has been a successful strategy. It is still growing at home, but is also expanding abroad, with investments in Poland, Thailand, South Korea, Ireland and Hungary. As Britons became more middle-class, Tesco followed them upmarket. And it has made better use than its rivals of technology to find out exactly what they like Tesco can lavish attention on customers by giving them discounts on things that they buy routinely. Second, Tesco can adjust its shelves to suit the profile of the local area, or even the time of day. Thanks to its size, Tesco is also changing tastes and habits. Convenience stores of the sort that Tesco has been building rapidly are leading to smaller, more frequent shopping trips and increased sales of instantly gratifying things such as ready meals. Tesco's power is causing resentment. Most openings of big new stores are greeted by fears for local shops and a campaign to keep Tesco out.

The article reports on the outlook for budget hotels in China. Given China's size, the budget-hotel segment is massively underdeveloped when compared with other countries. Home Inn, a budget brand part-owned by Ctrip, a Chinese online travel agency, opened its first hotel in 2002 and now has around 50. It will double that number by the end of 2006. Jin Jiang Inn, which also owns Shanghai's famous Peace Hotel, operates some 60 economy hotels and plans to invest 1 billion yuan in a further 200 hotels in five years and more than 1,000 in the longer term. Some investment groups are now looking for opportunities, and foreign chains are trying to expand. France's Accor launched its first budget hotel, a 154-room, three-star Ibis in Tianjin in northern China in 2003. Mitchell Presnick, the China head of Cendant's Super 8 Motel group, the world's largest chain of franchised budget motels, has opened eight Super 8 hotels since 2004 and expects to open around 300 more by the end of 2008.

This section presents an overview of economic and financial indicators. The dollar reached its highest level against the euro for almost seven months. The dollar kept its strength despite a Treasury report showing that foreigners' appetite for American assets ebbed in March. Japan's GDP grew in the first quarter, according to preliminary estimates, much faster than expected. A large part of this growth was due to a surge in consumer spending. In Britain, consumer prices increased by in the year to April, having increased at the same pace in the year to March. Since 1995, labour productivity in America has grown yearly. This is a striking improvement on previous performance, and owes much to advances in information technology (IT). Most big European economies have failed, so far, to match America's record in using IT to boost efficiency. Far from accelerating, productivity growth in the European Union has decelerated over the same period.

The article examines relations between China and its Central Asian neighbours. The success of Central Asia's leaders in getting closer to China is viewed with considerable suspicion by their own people. Although there is no concrete reason to suspect China of bad intentions towards Central Asia since the region broke away from the Soviet Union in 1991, ancient fears of Chinese expansionism still persist. The fears are strengthened by the growing number of Chinese in Central Asia. The worries about what China might one day do are partly based on Soviet-era propaganda. Both Kazakhstan and Kirgizstan are now nervously watching the flood of ethnic Chinese moving to Xinjiang, and the economic boom in that part of China.

The article discusses how relative peace has been good for Northern Ireland's economy. Belfast, like Dublin, has been transformed over the past 15 years. Overall Northern Ireland has changed sharply for the better--just like the republic. The big difference is that the primary agent of change in Northern Ireland has been not economics but peace. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) declared a ceasefire in 1994, after a 25-year campaign in which some 3,000 people were killed. In elections in 2003, the Catholic, nationalist vote shifted from the moderate Social and Democratic Labour Party (SDLP) to Sinn Fein, led by Gerry Adams. The Protestant, Unionist vote also moved, from the Ulster Unionists to the harder-line, anti-agreement, Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), led by Ian Paisley. This polarisation towards the extremes helps to explain the failure of the latest attempt to reach agreement on restoration of devolved government. But there are grounds for optimism, even for hoping for a total disarmament of the IRA. Northern Ireland in the 1990s still grew faster than any other region in Britain. Growth has slowed in recent years, but unemployment is down.

The article introduces a special section which examines how an economic boom has transformed Ireland, and asks whether it can last. Fifteen years ago Ireland was deemed an economic failure, a country that after years of mismanagement was suffering from high unemployment, slow growth, high inflation, heavy taxation and towering public debts. Yet within a few years it had become a rare example of a developed country with a growth record to match East Asia's, as well as enviably low unemployment and inflation, a low tax burden and a tiny public debt. That transformation has made the Irish republic, with just over four million people, a place of great interest around the globe. Many rich countries would love to achieve a similar change of image. Thanks partly to the Irish diaspora, created by a century and a half of emigration, the country has far more influence than its small population might suggest. Peace in Northern Ireland has helped to boost the economy of the whole island.