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The discussions on the future of cataloging has received increased attention in the last ten years, mainly due to the impact of rapid development of information and communication technologies in the same period, which has provided access to the Web anytime, anywhere. These discussions revolve around the need for a new bibliographic framework to meet the demand of this new reality in the digital environment, ie how libraries can process, store, deliver, share and integrate their collections (physical, digital or scanned), in current post-PC era? Faced with this question, Open Access, Open Source and Open Standards are three concepts that need to receive greater attention in the field of Library and Information Science, as it is believed to be fundamental elements for the change of paradigm of descriptive representation, currently based conceptually on physical item rather than intellectual work. This paper aims to raise and discuss such issues and instigate information professionals, especially librarians, to think, discuss and propose initiatives for such problems, contributing and sharing ideas and possible solutions, in multidisciplinary teams. At the end is suggested the effective creation of multidisciplinary and inter-institutional study groups on the future of cataloging and its impact on national collections, in order to contribute to the area of descriptive representation in national and international level.

This work-in-progress communication contains the papers and materials presented by Winfried Schmitz-Esser and Alexander Sigel in the joint workshop (with Roberto Poli) "Introducing Terminology-based Ontologies" at the 9th International Conference of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), Vienna, Austria, July 6th, 2006.

The discussions on the future of cataloging has received increased attention in the last ten years, mainly due to the impact of rapid development of information and communication technologies in the same period, which has provided access to the Web anytime, anywhere. These discussions revolve around the need for a new bibliographic framework to meet the demand of this new reality in the digital environment, ie how libraries can process, store, deliver, share and integrate their collections (physical, digital or scanned), in current post-PC era? Faced with this question, Open Access, Open Source and Open Standards are three concepts that need to receive greater attention in the field of Library and Information Science, as it is believed to be fundamental elements for the change of paradigm of descriptive representation, currently based conceptually on physical item rather than intellectual work. This paper aims to raise and discuss such issues and instigate information professionals, especially librarians, to think, discuss and propose initiatives for such problems, contributing and sharing ideas and possible solutions, in multidisciplinary teams. At the end is suggested the effective creation of multidisciplinary and interinstitutional study groups on the future of cataloging and its impact on national collections, in order to contribute to the area of descriptive representation in national and international level.

New professions turn around the management of the information, competing with the traditional librarians. The librarians have the opportunity to take part actively in the new world of the information, in order to give value added to the thematic contents. This work describes the service of information Psiquiatria.com, web site dedicated to Psychiatry, as an illustrative example of how the librarian works with a team of professionals of diverse disciplines to elaborate contents.

The purpose of this paper is to explore websites of Social Science Research Institute by Webometrics analysis. This study is based on twenty-nine Social Science Research Institute websites which are sponsored by ICSSR. Webometrics is one of the most important aspects in web era. It is basically a quantitative study of web related phenomena and concerned with measuring aspects of web domains, websites, internal and external links, total age of web pages and social share. Further, this paper also focuses on ranking and metrics of websites of the Social Science Research Institute.This study generalizes that Centre for Policy Research (New Delhi), Gujarat Institute of Development Research (Ahmadabad) and Institute of Developing Studies Kolkata are the most popular websites among the Social Science Research Institutes in India.

Introduction: this work is based on a historical-sociological approach, with the intention of using the conceptual dialogue of the social sciences with the informational concepts in the reorganization of the culture of the Paiter-Suruí ethnic group in its relation with contemporary culture and the digital world. Far beyond cultural exchanges and impositions, the imperative of acquisition through the social appropriation of technologies, communication and information (ICT) induced the Paiter-Suruí to a cultural adaptation and resistance to the network society. Objective: the paper proposes to present the process of transition from oral memory to digital memory. Methodology: This is a case study with documentary survey of the period of 2006: Paiterey Garah Indigenous Land Management Plan, Ethnozoneament and Oral Transcriptions to the present day of the Paiter-Suruí partnership with Google Inc., bibliographical review of information science, dialoguing with the social sciences. Results: the research reveals the process of cultural transition through social appropriation, reflecting the consequences, pros, cons and perspectives. Conclusions: social appropriation did not replace Paiter-Suruí´s oral tradition. Their expressions extended and the digital media became one of their presentations. The preservation of culture continues to be oral, but virtual sharing with other cultures announces them to the world. Their frontiers expanded beyond the real territory, their virtual expansion allowed them visibility and that, now, their voice echoes.

Wikipedia offers a lot of opportunities for the academic and research community to develop content collaboratively to fill the gaps or improve existing content. Wikipedia and related projects can be used for educational activities to enhance the skill-sets of the academic community. This article is a short introduction to Wikipedia . It describes its functioning, language coverage, and points out how libraries can coordinate Wikipedia activities for their benefit and to inspire and guide users to contribute content to the project in public interest.

Social media has a great impact on information promotional activities by bringing tremendous changes in the field of marketing. Social networking applications help the users to possess interconnections among the community members and remix the library services and products to brand them visible in a broader way. This paper gives an overview of the concept of marketing of library services and products in the pretext of handiness of social networking technologies (SNT). The paper also discusses various social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook, Twitter, Delicious, Youtube, Flickr etc. An outline of how the social media may successfully be applied to enhance the effectiveness in marketing library services and products is observed. Relative merits and challenges with adoption of SNS are also examined.

WordPress Plugins are add on tools with WordPress content management system, useful for easy information management on websites. Mahatma Gandhi University Library website adopted WordPress Plugins for the management of the staff and the e-resources directory. The user-friendly control centre of the plugins helps the library staff updates the information on the website without any delay and errors.

Today the objects around us are getting connected with each other in ‘Smart’ ways. Our home, office, industries etc. are connected with each other with the help of latest technologies. Internet of Things is one such technology which is connecting our surroundings very easily. In spite of the successful intervention of IoT in our home automation, office automation, industrial automation etc., the education sector is somewhere laid behind. The educational institutions are very slowly starting understanding the importance and effectiveness of IoT. Use of IoT in daily teaching can completely revolutionize the ways of teaching and learning. The present article emphasizes upon the concept of IoT and how it can very efficiently restructure our traditional education and learning methods.

In 2010, the State Library of Queensland (SLQ) donated their out-of-copyright Queensland images to Wikimedia Commons. One direct effect of publishing the collections at Wikimedia Commons is the ability of general audiences to participate and help the library in processing the images in the collection. This paper will discuss a project that explored user participation in the categorisation of the State Library of Queensland digital image collections. The outcomes of this project can be used to gain a better understanding of user participation that lead to improving access to library digital collections. Two techniques for data collection were used: documents analysis and interview. Document analysis was performed on the Wikimedia Commons monthly reports. Meanwhile, interview was used as the main data collection technique in this research. The data collected from document analysis was used to help the researchers to devise appropriate questions for interviews. The interviews were undertaken with participants who were divided into two groups: SLQ staff members and Wikimedians (users who participate in Wikimedia). The two sets of data collected from participants were analysed independently and compared. This method was useful for the researchers to understand the differences between the experiences of categorisation from both the librarians’ and the users’ perspectives. This paper will provide a discussion on the preliminary findings that have emerged from each group participant. This research provides preliminary information about the extent of user participation in the categorisation of SLQ collections in Wikimedia Commons that can be used by SLQ and other interested libraries in describing their digital content by their categorisations to improve user access to the collection in the future.

Contemporary metadata principles and standards tended to result in document-centric rather than data-centric; human-readable rather than machine-processable metadata. In order for libraries to create and harness shareable, mashable and re-usable metadata, a conceptual shift can be achieved by adjusting current library models such as Resource Description and Access (RDA) and Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) to models based on Linked Data principles. In relation to technical formats, libraries can leapfrog to Linked Data technical formats such as the Resource Description Framework (RDF), without disrupting current library metadata operations. This paper provides six key recommendations for libraries and standards agencies. These include rising to the challenges and embracing the opportunities presented by current technological trends, adopting minimal requirements of Linked Data principles, developing ontologies, deciding on what needs to be retained from current library models, becoming part of the Linked Data cloud, and developing mixed-metadata (standards-based and socially-constructed) approaches. Finally, the paper concludes by identifying and discussing five major benefits of such metadata re-conceptualisation. The benefits include metadata openness and sharing, serendipitous discovery of information resources, identification of zeitgeist and emergent metadata, facet-based navigation and metadata enriched with links.

Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a relatively new research tool with a wide range of applications in different fields ranging from discourse analysis to cognitive science, from information retrieval to machine learning and so on. In this paper, we chart the development and diffusion of LSA as a research tool using Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach that reveals the social structure of a discipline in terms of collaboration among scientists. Using Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science (WoS), we identified 65 papers with “Latent Semantic Analysis” in their titles and 250 papers in their topics (but not in titles) between 1990 and 2008. We then analyzed those papers using bibliometric and SNA techniques such as co-authorship and cluster analysis. It appears that as the emphasis moves from the research tool (LSA) itself to its applications in different fields, citations to papers with LSA in their titles tend to decrease. The productivity of authors fits Lotka’s Law while the network of authors is quite loose. Networks of journals cited in papers with LSA in their titles and topics are well connected.

The paper focuses on the Web presence and visibility of Asian countries websites. The paper tries to highlight the Web presence using some webometric indicators like Internet access, webpages, number of Internet users, and link studies. The study analyzes the web presence using popular search engines like Altavista, Google, Yahoo and MSN. An attempt has also been taken to find out the Web Impact Factor (WIF) for selected Asian countries. The result shows that China (43.7%), Japan (16.7%) and India (10.4%) occupy highest web presence amongst Asian countries based on the total number of effective Internet users. China being the second highest number of Internet users having 11.8% after USA (19.7%) followed by India with 4.9% of world Internet Users and Japan is having the highest number of webpages followed by China and South Korea.

The paper discusses the relevance of Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS), the essential technical components of the Semantic Web, to the structure and content of professional metadata generated by archives, libraries and museums. The impact on professional practice and policy is illustrated with examples from the library domain. The paper describes the potential of the Semantic Web to bring to an end the evolution of the library catalogue record and other localised metadata structures. The paper suggests how the professional communities can treat the Semantic Web as an opportunity rather than a threat, by exploiting their metadata expertise and assets in the areas of identity and authority to the benefit of services and users.

This paper studies the social cataloguing platforms in the web and his possible uses by the public libraries in the fields of book and reading promotion. The social aspects of tree main cases are analyzed, based on one heuristic who studies the aspect of Identity Construction, Communication and Perception. The study concludes that, for the public libraries, these kind o social platforms can be a new way for aggregation the This paper studies the social cataloguing platforms in the web and his possible uses by the public libraries in the fields of book and reading promotion. The social aspects of tree main cases are analyzed, based on one heuristic who studies the aspect of Identity Construction, Communication and Perception. The study concludes that, for the public libraries, these kind o social platforms can be a new way for aggregation the demand and providing old and new services regarding book and reading promotion. Examples of services are given in the fields of book promotion and online reading clubs.

Paper presents theoretical issues related to e-portfolio as lifelong learning tool. E-portfolio supports ongoing learning/professional development, formative and summative assessment, reflective writing and collaborative, active and deep learning. It is powerful tool for professional development planning or career planning by fostering intrinsic motivation of a learner to maintain portfolio on an ongoing basis throughout formal classes, programs of non-formal learning or just in demonstrating professional or personal growth over time. Focus is on e-portfolio as tool for evidencing prior learning for further assessment or recognition. Different types of digital technology are in use, and diverse portfolio purpose and use are reflecting on assessment. Paper focuses on modeling a conceptual model of e-portfolio system as a tool for assessment and recognition of prior learning in continuing education of librarians in Croatia.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Norwegian Ask the Library Service (Biblioteksvar.no) may contribute to information literacy among school children. The challenge is no longer to find information, but to find good information from reliable sources. The methods applied are a qualitative analysis of transactions and dialogues from the ATL archive and interviews with teachers, school librarians and librarians working in the service. The conclusion is that Biblioteksvar could become a better educational tool by focusing more on the patrons and their individual information needs and their search strategies. This implies obtaining enough information about the patron to be able to present the answer in a way that promotes information literacy. It is desirable to be able to filter the questions according to topic, user group and purpose before they reach the librarian. Using new technology in this manner will allow the librarian to focus more on how they can help patrons develop their information literacy. The paper examines the possible use of automation processes based on web technology to improve the service. This could be done by performing automatic searches in Google, Wikipedia and the chat archive of the ATL service while the patron is waiting for an available librarian. This paper looks at how new technology creates challenges and possibilities for reference librarians, and is aimed at everyone who are interested in how new technology can improve the educational quality of reference work.

The paper looks at the reasons prompting academic librarians to embrace e-learning and the benefits that can be derived from using electronic information services. The authors came up with some suggestions that academic librarians can positively participate in e-learning by providing and advocating for the use of electronic books and journals, promoting the open access initiative, imparting information literacy skills, providing selective dissemination of information and document delivery services and establishing and promoting the use of institutional repositories. The paper ends by giving recommendations on how society can get ahead with e-learning by involving academic librarians in the development nexus.

As www, and now web 2.0 is growing by the second, it gives us new possibilities of pedagogical forms, and the main following outcomes: resources, implementation, usage, practice. We will re-evaluate and examine new forms of social networking - theoretical and practical knowledge in academia and science: from implemetation of web roots practice, listservs, eBoards, eZines (alternative art and education forms –then), the usage of eResources in academia, education profession to the wider audience: using larger online open archives, Consortias, digital libraries, repositories, to online social networking applications, science and education blogs. Author uses and presents data from her Master research paper with relevant results about the usage of the precious online resources, electronic publishing materials within Consortia (that are available in science institutions, academia and libraries). More than thousands and thousands available resources are not used because of many factors that the author explained in one of the chapters in master paper. As indicated in outlines, e-tensions play themselves differently in various institutional geographies. Author took empirical research on three geographic points: USA, Europe (UK and Nederlands) and Serbia. The Scopes are two paradigms: human factor and digital media educational tools (human-computer interaction and its social impacts), that we use in education systems and professional practice. For the first one is indicated open source educational software, applications and tools for giving information and knowledge. We will also give a short notice on the interest and the usage of the aimed groups of those possiblities (at classes, lectures). For the second, in professional practice we will see how those social knowledge tools have impact on larger science commnity groups (science, educational institutes and institutions) as well as the outcome-feedback. The point will be given on interaction in open knowledge and education, as well as the notice to the audience of the recent exemplar of implementation of social, interactive knowledge into professional practice and educational system - the concept of web of science which founder is the father of World Wide Web Tim Berners- Lee.

Abstract Cultural heritage institutions such as archives, libraries, and museums have the mission of curating and safeguarding societal memories. The patrimonialization and curatorial processes developed by such institutions are continuous value-adding activities. Such institutions are beginning to publish their collections as digital objects on the Web. The representation and publication of cultural heritage records as digital objects using LOD—linked open data—technologies is a new step in patrimonialization and curatorial practices. Many collections are thematically superimposed, complementary, and have synergy. These collections often present culturally relevant relationships between their objects, like a book about a painting or a draft or sketch of a famous painting, etc. This research aims at characterizing such culturally relevant relationships, compiling an inventory, and organizing them in a vocabulary. The implementation of semantic links using LOD technologies can achieve interoperability between digital collections and improve the usability of digital collections, thus empowering heritage institutions.

Library consortia have traditionally been formed in order to share print-based resources, but more recently have sought to enhance access to electronic journals. Their development has provided new opportunities both to evaluate their impact, and to identify the Critical Success Factors in cooperation in the librarianship and information field. This paper aims to review the key features of these consortia that are indicated by the literature and the extent to which they have been objectively evaluated. The key features include the benefits of consortial purchasing of electronic journals not only for libraries and their users, but also for publishers; and the different pricing and licensing models in use. This is followed by a review of the different approaches to the organization and operation of library consortia established for this purpose. This covers what is involved in forming a consortium, the different types of consortia and administrative infrastructures, and arrangements for negotiating with publishers and for cost sharing between members of the consortium. Finally the paper considers the challenges for libraries of working together in partnership. Evidence examined to date suggests that, whilst many of the claims made about the benefits of consortia may be valid, there is little empirical evidence to support most of them, and the various approaches to the organisation and operation of consortia have not been evaluated.

Locating relevant information in time is critical for both the researcher and the information professional. Electronic books (eBooks) are used to enhance the digital library with 24 x 365 days global access and it enables users to quickly retrieve and access specific research material efficiently and effectively. The article highlights advantages, disadvantages of eBooks, various formats of eBooks and how users of St. Xavier’s College Central Library use eBooks using iOS devices for research and advanced learning.

The Web is the privileged place for seeking information. The potential of the so-called semantic web to enhance retrieval of relevant information seems essential. In Information Science (IS), this idea was developed from the Otlet’s “analogic semantic web”, justifying the connection between the Semantic Web (SW) and the field of IS. We aimed to exam and analyze the presence of subjects related to SW in the output of IS master and PhD courses in Portugal and Brazil (2005-2015). Specifically, we aimed to: identify IS courses, master's dissertations (MD) and PhD thesis (PD) associated to SW; identify the points of confluence between the IS and the SW in these works; characterize the academic profile of these works’ authors and advisors. Based on a qualitative approach, we performed a literature review and an empirical study focused on content analysis of the retrieved works (RCAAP and OASISbr). As results, we have: verified 4 unique records in RCAAP and 40 in OASISbr; identified 4 Master’s and 3 PhD courses (Portugal) and 16 masters and 9 PhD courses (Brazil); retrieved no MD/PD in Portugal, 16 MD and 5 PD in Brazil; identified 3 confluence points: a) mutual contribution (62%), b) WS as an interdisciplinary theme (29%) and c) complementary knowledge (9%); identified 11 works (52%) were the respective researchers have training in IS and Computer Science (CS). The study points to the WS as a field of investigation in IS, although essentially theoretical, insofar as practical interdisciplinary works in CI/CS are incipient and not representative.

The beginning of XXI century is seemed to be the crucial one because of changes which happen presently in the organization and functionality of Polish libraries. The digital libraries activity is that kind of change. The paper presents brief historical outline of the specific changes in acquisition and lending field from the past till now. The core part of the paper presents the future vision of academic library from the point of view of the new emerging technologies in IT and telecommunications systems. The middle part of the article is focused on the problems concerning the development of new electronic sources of information, the electronic and digital paper which may influence and just have affected the libraries. Possible development of structures of telecommunication networks is also included. The last part of the article describes already have started a few initiatives of digitalization in the world.

The production and usage of e-books is growing at a fast pace and warrants serious consideration, especially in libraries and information centres of Indian universities, institutions of Higher Education, S & T Organizations and other institutions of national importance like IITs, NITs, IIMs, and IISc. They are actively engaged in building electronic information resources for providing value added services to users to meet their information needs . The paper discussed with various challenges facing by S & T Librarians and potentiality and future of e-books. It also discussed the role of e-book providers like Net Library, QUESTIA, Versaware, Abode E-Book store, CyberRead, E-Book Studio and many more. In addition to that the paper discuss the role of free e-book providers like Gutenberg Project, University of Verginia E-Book Library, University of Pennsylvania E-Books, National Academy Press etc. It also discussed the advantage and limitations of e-books in different environment like bandwidth, connectivity etc. Lastly, it suggests that there is need to formulate a workable and sustainable strategy in S & T Libraries. It also urgently needed that systematic efforts are taken to develop suitable information infrastructure for providing access to e-books. It can be concluded that there is need to formulate a workable and sustainable strategy in S & T Libraries. It also urgently needed that systematic efforts are taken to develop suitable information infrastructure for providing access to e-books.

The paper examines the issues connected with the evaluation of quality for cultural web sites, quality that joins tecnical and subjective variables. The MINERVA handbook for quality for cultural web sites proposed a possible guide for cultural institutions in order to develope and manage a quality web site. As regards web sites and information system for archival institutions, the paper list some problems related to the complexe structure of archival descriptions and to a certain tendence of self-relation for archivists. A good archival service must be user-centred, not based just on the archival point of view.

Refereed journals will be available online, very soon. This means that anyone could be able to access them from any connected pc to a network world-wide. The literature will be interconnected by citation, author, and keyword/subject links, allowing users to access and navigate online open archives. Ε-prints will help the scholarly and scientific literature, eventually, to be free from cost barriers and institutions will be able to create E-print archives in which their authors can self-archive all their refereed papers for free, for all and forever! The paper will review libraries' long perspective of adopting e-print archives as well as outline the most important issues revolving around the e-prints evolution. In addition, the author would like to introduce you to an existing e-print archive known as arXiv and describe her research topic; how is related to e-prints and what her study could possibly examine.

In the era of E-publishing and E-learning, numerous universities and cultural organizations around the world have launched initiatives to develop tools for multilingual learning and web publishing and have given preference to local content. India has different languages and different culture. Most of the knowledge and information related to people, culture, science and philosophy of India is available in Indian languages, which will be useful for learning and developing knowledge base. In India E-learning systems and online courses are already started, but as a multi lingual country, which gives importance to education through regional languages, there should be facilities for multi lingual E-learning. This paper covers the issues of Indian language knowledge base/content base, its requirement, and its implication in e learning. An Integrated multi lingual E-learning system for India is proposed in this paper, where importance given to multi lingual course content creation.

The research group is currently the main backbone and executing unit of science in Spanish public universities, although both bibliometric and cybermetric study level is still very scarce due to certain methodological problems. This paper presents a cybermetric analysis of the Information science research group websites belonging to the Spanish public universities, with the aim of identifying their presence on the Web, with the purpose of estimating its size (page count) and visibility (URL mentions, external links, sites linking in, and popularity). The results indicate a wide diversity in the syntax of URLs (largely inadequate), and a discrete presence and visibility. The best performing groups match with a policy of creating and making available openly to the general audience the activities of the group as well as the results, where the existence of products plays a key impact in both page count and web visibility. The web policies on university websites should therefore encourage the creation and maintenance of flexible and independently of research group websites, allowing improved disclosure and transparency of its activities.

World’s economy drives on crop production. Currently, most of the countries are facing food shortage in each year. Farmers are trying to increase their productivity but they need specific information so that they can take right decision in the right time. One of particular challenge facing farmers is plant disease, which can be defined as deviation from normal physiological functioning that harmful to a plant. In this paper, we proposed a knowledge based prototype called AKB that help farmers to get a better decision

Social networking applications already exist in many institutions. As Facebook is one of the predominant social networking sites where we can share and promote the library services effectively, it has been tried at Madras Veterinary College Library. This paper attempts to explain the process of application of Facebook in Madras Veterinary College Library, a constituent unit of the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai.

The world is increasingly hungry for information. The demand for better access to information is even more marked in higher education than in society as a whole and, as research becomes more specialised and at the same time more interdisciplinary, the range of information sought by all engaged in higher educa­tion is expanding. Libraries are faced with the problem of the timely and adequate supply of information held not only in conventional printed and manuscript docu­ments but also in electronic data in vari­ous formats including on-line data. An ever greater number of users seeks these materials. The paperless society which was forecast by some to accompany the revolution in information technology has yet to arrive and new approaches are needed in respect to how the library copes with the continued growth of material and demand. Libraries are increasingly constrained by escalating costs. More significantly, they are still constrained by unrealistic aspirations towards some ideal of self-sufficiency, by out-dated practi­ces, and by lack of a clear strategic development plan which will promote new concepts of service and exploit new methods of access to information. This paper seeks to explore the impact of this demand for information upon the academic library, and to consider how the academic library can develop in these changing circumstances to meet with increasing effectiveness the infor­mation needs of scholars, researchers and students. It examines the need for new organisa­tional structures to enable the library to influence the strategic planning and allo­cation of resources in support of its role at the centre of a learning and research institution. It recognises that as teaching methods change to become more learn­ing centred, the library must have both the authority and the vision to meet its responsibility for providing easy access to all forms of information. It must organ­ise better access in the context of a real­istic awareness of cost, value for money, and an effective service to its users. The author considers how the library should modify its collection develop­ment and service policies in the light of information technology. It is critically im­portant that new policies should be set in place that are built on a better assess­ment of user needs, informed by greater collaboration between the user and the librarian. This implies a major change in conventional practice, and attitudes. It requires change in the perceived role and responsibilities of the librarian. These responsibilities include not only the man­agement of resources, but also the con­tribution the librarian needs to make to the development of the educational and research objectives of the university. The development of the library staff as experts in providing access to information and effectively managing the dissemination of information throughout the university is an essential part of any new policy. New priorities must be set to achieve new objectives. The paper explores what yet needs to be done if the library is to achieve the vision that it lies at the heart of all learning, that it renews and augments the knowledge of all teachers and researchers, and that it provides access to information that is indispensable to lifelong learning throughout a wider community.

More than thirty five years have passed since the Paris Conference and cataloguers have witnessed profound changes in many aspects of catalogue production technology and also in bibliographic control and access during this period of time. In comparison to the past, cataloguers are less involved in the design and production of catalogues and bibliographic databases particularly in terms of the interfaces, the types of indexes and the ways in which records and retrieval results are displayed. These changes and developments (see Appendix one) have presented cataloguers with some basic questions about the fundamental principles of record creation and catalogue construction. Although present online catalogues are benefiting from more advanced hardware and software, there are still considerable, serious problems in searching, retrieval, and display of bibliographic information in present systems, which influence their functions and usefulness. This, as has been highlighted in the literature, may be because some of the present cataloguing principles and rules are inadequate, less relevant or irrelevant to the new electronic environment. A review of the literature of the last two decades indicates that, parallel to the increasing developments in online catalogues, the cataloguing community has been addressing the need for a re-thinking of cataloguing principles and rules in light of the new environment. It is often claimed that AACR2’s rules are based on concepts and principles from the pre-machine period and that they do not serve us well in giving guidance in the construction of electronic catalogues. Given the influence of all the changes and developments in the world of catalogues and cataloguing, a fundamental re-examination of our cataloguing principles seems very necessary. In this paper some of the basic principles of AACR2 which have been highlighted in the literature as those most likely to be influenced by the new technology will be re-examined in the light of both the present and the potential characteristics and capabilities of the online environment. The aim is to examine the extent to which AACR2 matches or fails to match the capabilities of present systems and those of the near future, for searching, retrieval and display of bibliographic information. In other words, to address how catalogue form and production affects, or is in turn influenced by, the principles upon which AACR2 is based. The approach used in this paper is to match individual capabilities of online catalogues with the basic principles of AACR2R. A major focus will be the basic concepts of the code’s principles, the logic of their application and the relationship of these principles to the logic of the online catalogue, as well as an examination of the types of principles and rules that are likely to change when moving from a manual catalogue to an online catalogue. In this regard, the needs and expectations of the different catalogue users are also taken into consideration.

Number of organizations, including the libraries, have started using Open Source CMS (content management system) to manage their web content. The paper studies the libraries of Vikram Sarabhai Library and Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad which have successfully implemented Joomla CMS with objective of sharing their experience on package to enable other libraries and information centers to assess understand the appropriateness of the package to their own environment.

Web environments scenarios have become increasingly used by organizations of common religious heritage. But despite its broad scope is not always achieved the desired visibility and communication with the visitor. This paper will present the need to evaluate and optimize the web sites of religious heritage, according to the standards and quality parameters in place. This is to make them as accessible, useful, usable, reliable, findable, credible and valuable as possible to attract and provoke so much desired that communication with users. It will end by reflecting on the advantages and impacts that carries a quality website for the dissemination of religious heritage in general.

HTML5 has seen the day of light and with this the much awaited microdata mechanism has also become a standard. Browsers conventionally use the HTML tags for better readability of webpages for humans. There are cases when it is felt to provide structures to the HTML pages and the inability of HTML tags defined in the HTML specifications to handle such structure. The new specifications of HTML, HTML5 provide a very good mechanism to define structure in webpages. The mechanism popularly known as microdata is easier to implement than the other formats such as, microformats and RDFa. No doubt these structures are machine-readable providing the machines/software programs to search for specific types of information. Recently, some of the popular search engines such as Google, Yahoo and Bing joined hands to support microdata. This collaboration resulted in introduction of Schema.org, a collection of terms that webmasters can use to markup their pages to improve the display of search results. This paves a way for libraries to also augment and implement their web pages with microdata. The present article focuses on the techniques and elements used to create a semantic structure for a webpage using microdata. The paper starts by discussing various efforts going on in the arena of Microdata and micro formats etc. then it puts forth the ways by which libraries can use it. The various available tools, and the know how for publishing microdata is also discussed in detail keeping in mind the libraries will be benefited at large.

With the proliferation of the social web, questions about information quality and optimization attract the attention of IS scholars. Question-answering (QA) sites, such as Yahoo!Answers, have the potential to produce good answers, but at the same time not all answers are good and not all QA sites are alike. When organizations design and plan for the integration of question answering services on their sites, identification of good answers and process optimization become critical. Arguing that ‘given enough answers all questions are answered successfully,’ this paper identifies the optimal number of posts that generate high quality answers. Based on content analysis of Yahoo! Answers’ informational questions (n=174) and their answers (n=1,023), the study found that seven answers per question are ‘enough’ to provide a good answer.

This paper reviews, difference and contrast the concepts of attitude and aptitude in the library context. From a theoretical approach will focus on some essential components that allow you to build and cultivate virtual communities: trust in the user, the value of collective intelligence and the profile of the library as a node on the network Each element has its correspondence described in examples from the use of services and Web 2.0 tools that makes a university library. Under the new Web paradigm, the connection between theory and practice, define the style that any unit of information can build and maintain social networks. Regardless of the technologies incorporated and the level of digitalization of the academic library, the attitude is one of the first elements to define, develop, discover and strengthen.

The paper describes the current situation and trends in the field of social media monitoring. The work introduces available tools and deals with specific problematic issues connected with monitoring both on a local and a global level. It showcases possibilities of use of monitoring for both companies and institutions, explains ways of using the results, lists free and commercial services and goes more in depth in description of issues connected with automatic sentiment analysis or measuring of importance of results. A part of the presentation is dedicated to introduce actual statistics about usage of social media sites (Facebook, Twitter, Linked and other) in Czech Republic and Slovakia and analysis of user behavior in them based on large datasets. With a dramatic growth of both individual and company users of social networks the structure and form of communication has significantly changed - and that’s where the actual urgent need for monitoring comes from. Since without knowing the context, the communication setup (in a reasonable and constructive way) becomes a much complicated issue. Social media monitoring can thus substantially help in research of information ecology in the hiatus of social networks, which create a new, dynamic field of study.

As part of library services with the aim of increasing its visibility, this paper outlines the institutional background that prompted the use of network Library Thing. We identify the space and technical problems of accessibility. It defines the goals of the project, setting out the grounds on which it was decided to use this tool and describe and detail their uses. Finally, we analyze the impact that implementation of this project generates and outlines future plans both short and long term.

Paper which has by objective to present Intranet as a tool suitable for cooperation between the librarians who work at the Instituto Nacional de la Tecnología Agropecuaria's library

The paper presents the technical expertise of Embrapa Information Technology (CNPTIA), research institution in information technology for agriculture in the context of free software for implementing digital repositories and service providers. More specifically, the studies will be reported and open source solutions chosen to enable the insertion of Embrapa in alternative Open Access model, which aims to promote free and unfettered access to scientific production by researchers and institutions, and has the deployment of digital repositories, institutional or subject, one of its main strategies.

«Library 2.0» conception implies complex bilateral integration of a library into digital environment. The paper examines the issues of practical realization of the conception using state-of-the-art e-catalog web-technologies and Web 2.0 services. Real examples are provided which show that a library can form elec-tronic resources and products of high quality and participate actively in electronic social communications as a result of implementing such technologies. A range of requirements to new generation e-catalogs are defined, and a comprehensive review of using Web 2.0 services in libraries is given.

This paper intends to explore the use of Facebook in university libraries by making an empirical analysis of 12 Facebook library pages. Findings of the study show that Facebook library pages can be an effective tool to communicate and to outreach to students if librarians are proactive and keep the wall alive, but there is no evidence at the moment that content delivery or services have been improved in this way.

This paper reviews the idea of the archive as an informational node in the network society, and the basis for dynamic and disseminate the archive on the network. It proposes strategies to implement an active presence of the archive on the network, taking into account the characteristics of the users and the social web.

Why libraries are hypertexts? And why social media aren't?

Digital reference service is an emerging trend of traditional reference service. Easily accessible digital reference service has become one of the hallmark of the library and information services. The paper highlights how new visage of traditional reference service is developing as a natural solution to keep pace with comprehensive technological environment. It discusses about the basic concepts, elements of digital reference service and give in detail modes, the advantages, limitations, and some details regarding various digital reference services carried out by several libraries and commercial organistions.

In this paper, we describe our decade-long experience of building and operating one of the most active Institutional Repository in the world: www.saber.ula.ve (University of the Andes, Mérida- Venezuela). In order to share our experience with other institutions, we firstly explain the steps we followed to preserve and disseminate the scientific production of the University of Los Andes' researchers. We then present some recent quantitative results about our repository activities and we outline some methodological guidelines that could be applied in order to replicate similar experiences. These guidelines list the ingredients or building blocks as well as the processes followed for developing and maintaining the services of an Institutional Repository. These include technological infrastructure; institutional policies on preservation, publication and dissemination of knowledge; recommendations on incentives for open access publication; the process of selection, testing and adaptation of technological tools; the planning and organization of services, and the dissemination and support within the scientific community that will eventually lead to the adoption of the ideas that lie behind the open access movement. We summarize the results obtained regarding the acceptance, adoption and use of the technological tools used for the publication of our institution’s intellectual production, and we present the main obstacles encountered on the way.

Technological advances dramatically changed the approaches in information representation and retrieval. There are two broad approaches to the knowledge representation; one is informal, dynamic, free, user-dependent and the other is formal, more stable, solid, static and system-dependant: Folksonomies a breed of the Web 2.0 and ontologies the backbone of semantic web (web 3.0) are two examples of those approaches. In this paper, we try to present two sub-models of an integrated system in which each technology has the opportunity to reduce its current limits, by exploiting the power provided by the other one. In order to develop sub-models, we present a simple ontology of folksonomy to show how different elements act in such a dynamic space, and how implicit relations emerge from implicit complex networks within the folksonomies.