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Preventing global warming is a crucial issue of today's development. All the present and future actions should be planned to follow the paradigm of sustainable development, which is defined by the sustainability and decarbonization goals. The above-mentioned approach should be applied in all the economic sectors, out of which buildings constitute one of the most important parts. Moreover, it seems common to aim for the improvement of buildings' energy efficiency, due to the fact, that those actions provide considerable economic and environmental profits. Due to the high share of final energy consumption of buildings, it is necessary to decrease that demand, resulting in reduced greenhouse gasses emissions. In this paper, the Polish residential building sector is examined to improve its sustainability. Some pathways towards buildings' decarbonization are described and evaluated by means of their energy and environmental effects. This study is based on the set of representative buildings of Poland and statistical data, following the Urban Energy Modelling paradigm. Both, single-family and multi-family buildings are analyzed, considering their deep refurbishment. Calculations are performed using the TEAC and Energy Plus software, allowing for comprehensive analyses of the Polish residential household sector. The results presented in this paper might be useful for decisionmakers to define a roadmap towards decarbonization of the Polish residential sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]