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This publication, an outcome of a 2-day colloquium in 1981, contains information about using artifacts (material culture evidence) as a primary source for teaching history at the graduate or advanced student seminar level. A purpose of the colloquium was to gather and disseminate this information for the Historians/Artifacts/Learners (HAL) project. Included is a lead article; six papers presented at the colloquium; an analysis of the proceedings; remarks, discussion, and recommendations made at the colloquium; and a selected list of course syllabi, books, and articles. The lead article describes five individuals who recognized the importance of using artifacts in the teaching of history. The six papers discuss using artifacts to teach history in the disciplines of cultural anthropology and folklore studies, social history, art history, cultural geography, history of technology, and historical archaeology. The remarks and discussion article summarizes and interprets the papers presented at the colloquium. Among the recommendations of the HAL staff are that a single resource, most likely a publication, be compiled and that curriculum materials be developed for using artifacts in teaching history. The bibliography presents a core listing of college-level syllabi as well as available books, articles, and pamphlets on this topic. (NE)

The focus of this conference was on programs and experiences in public archaeological education in the Plains states and immediate neighbors. The contents lists the following papers: (1) "Introduction to the Symposium" (William B. Butler); (2) "Archaeological Educational Programs in Colorado" (Kevin D. Black); (3) "Statewide Archaeological Education Programs in Illinois" (Paul Katz; Susana R. Katz; Joyce A. Williams); (4) "Public Programs on Archaeology in Iowa" (Stephen C. Lensink; Leah D. Rogers); (5) "Reaching the Public in Kansas" (William B. Lees; Randall M. Thies); (6) "Archaeological Outreach Programs in Missouri: The Success of Formal Cooperative Agreements" (Greg Fox); (7) "Archaeology and Public Education in Montana" (Dave Schwab); (8) "Public Archaeology in Nebraska" (Anne Wolley Vawser; John R. Bozell); (9) "New Mexico Heritage Preservation Week: Friendly Advice from Those on the Front Lines" (Lynne Sebastian; David W. Cushman); (10) "Archaeology for the Masses in North Dakota" (J. Signe Snortland; Fern E. Swenson); (11) "The Sooners Came Late: Public Archaeology in Oklahoma" (Robert L. Brooks); (12) "Public Education in Archaeology within South Dakota" (Todd Kapler); (13) "Archaeological Education Programs in Texas: Professional and Avocational Archaeologists as Partners" (Pat Mercado-Allinger); (14) "Public Archaeology and Education Programs in Wyoming" (Mark E. Miller; Mary Hopkins); (15) "Learning from the Past: Education Programs of the Saskatchewan Archaeological Society" (Carolyn Thauberger; Tim E. H. Jones); (16) "The Public Education Initiative and the Society for American Archaeology" (Edward Friedman; Phyllis Messenger); and (17) "Federal Archaeological Public Awareness Activities" (Ruthann Knudson). (EH)

This book contains reprints of three essays by Jesse Walter Fewkes (1850-1930) on the pottery of the prehistoric Mimbres Indians. The three papers were originally published by the Smithsonian Institution between 1914 and 1924. The first, "Archeology of the Lower Mimbres Valley, New Mexico," examines historical references to ancient Indian settlements in the valley and provides detailed descriptions of some ruins along the Mimbres River, including grave sites, pottery, mortars, stone implements, and pictographs. Mimbres pottery, architecture, and burial practices are compared with those of ancient Indians in other parts of the Southwest. The essay concludes that changes in the river's course resulted in a shifting prehistoric population. The second essay, "Designs on Prehistoric Pottery from the Mimbres Valley, New Mexico," depicts the salient physical features of the valley and the ancient pottery discovered there. Pieces of pottery and their designs, largely animals and geometric figures, are described in detail. Evidence that Mimbres pottery was not confined to the valley is discusssed. The third essay, "Additional Designs on Prehistoric Mimbres Pottery," published in 1924, describes materials examined subsequent to the previous articles. While the designs described in this paper add to existing information, they do not materially change the conclusions of the previous essays. Drawings and photographs illustrate the pottery designs, and a map of the archaeologically rich region is included. This book includes numerous pottery designs and a map of Mimbres Valley. (TES)

This collection of 15 articles on teaching and learning by community college faculty explores the following topics: (1) using modern treatments of standard literary themes and texts to enhance "relevance"; (2) coordination of a course based on Jacob Bronowski's "The Ascent of Man"; (3) planning a "Library Awareness Day"; (4) use of a management development program to establish a sense of community often lacking at the large "commuter" school; (5) panning for gold as an exercise to teach sedimentation to students of introductory geology; (6) an actor's approach to the study of plays; (7) maintaining standards in travel/study courses with emphasis on courses that take place in limited time periods; (8) a thematic approach to the teaching of western civilization; (9) experience-based instruction in archaeology courses; (10) an argument in favor of focusing on creativity in art appreciation courses; (11) use of audio-tape descriptions to assist students in choosing a community field work placement in mental health programs; (12) structuring history instruction to promote understanding of past, present, and future; (13) teaching literature to non-literary students; (14) an interdisciplinary approach to teaching the skills and procedures of the library research paper; and (15) a model for student government at the community college. (MB)

This monograph contains fourteen articles dealing with archaeological studies on Black and Asian ethnic groups in the United States. Papers on Afro-American culture history include: (1) "Race and Class on Antebellum Plantations," by John Solomon Otto; (2) "Looking for the 'Afro' in Colono-Indian Pottery," by Leland Ferguson; (3) a study of "Black Lucy's Garden," Andover, Massachusetts, by Vernon G. Baker; (4) "Weeksville: The Archaeology of a Black Urban Community," by Sara T. Bridges and Bert Salwen; (5) "Sandy Ground: Archaeology of a 19th Century Oystering Village," by Robert L. Schuyler; (6) a study of Skunk Hollow, New Jersey, by Joan H. Geismar; (7) an article on a 19th century Afro-American Meeting House in Boston, by Beth Anne Bower and Byron Rushing; and (8) an annotated bibliography on the archaeology of black American culture, by Geoffrey M. Gyrisco and Bert Salwen. Articles on Asian American culture history include: (1) a discussion of material culture of 19th century Chinese in the western U.S., by William S. Evans, Jr.; (2) "The West Coast Chinese and Opium Smoking," by Patricia A. Etter; (3) "The Archaeology of 19th Century Chinese Subsistence at the Lower China Store, Madera County California," by Paul E. Langenwalter, II; (4) an article on Chinese in Ventura, California, by Roberta S. Greenwood; and (5) an annotated bibliography, by Robert L. Schuyler. Also included in the monograph is a discussion of approaches to ethnic identification in historical archaeology by Marsha C.S. Kelly and Roger E. Kelly. (GC)

Although scares associated with potential Earth impacts by specific comets and asteroids date back to quite early in the eighteenth and twentieth centuries, respectively (e.g. Marsden 2004), the era of "modern" impact scares is frequently considered to have begun with the 1997 XF11 incident in early 1998 (cf. Morrison et al. 2004). Both cited papers discuss that particular incident, as well as some subsequent scares, but in my opinion the second account contains errors. In fact, I published a very detailed "discourse" on 1997 XF11 several years ago (Marsden 1999a). That paper fully acknowledges that mistakes were made, by several people, in the manner the 1997 XF11 situation was handled at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a preliminary discourse on how settlements fit into their landscapes. One is able to show the degree of similarity between the organizing principles of landscapes and the organizing principles of settlements. It is the first step in showing how landscapes and settlements are impacted by both natural and cultural forces. The paper measures landscapes surrounding settlements with fractals and compares these measurements to similar fractal measurements of the settlements themselves. The data are U2 remote imagery of ethnographic Rio Grande Pueblos. The landscapes surrounding Santa Ana, Pojaque, and Laguna are significantly more similar to their respective towns than the landscapes of Cochiti, Acoma, and Isleta. The technique is extendable to prehistoric landscapes and settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the idea that there are few if any long-term cultural evolutionary trends in the Middle Paleolithic. First, the general notion of Mousterian stasis is examined. Second, patterns of directional change in lithic technology (laminarity) in two Italian Middle Paleolithic sequences are discussed. Trajectories of change over time trend in opposite directions in the two cases and show very different relationships with the succeeding Upper Paleolithic. Results from this and other papers suggest that Middle Paleolithic hominids were more than capable of altering their behavior, but that there is no generalized tendency for Mousterian industries to develop in the direction of the Upper Paleolithic. This conclusion is difficult to reconcile with progressive views of human cultural evolution. The concept of rugged fitness landscapes may provide a more satisfactory explanatory framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My paper is about the theorizing of bodies in archaeology. Bodies are an important archaeological resource—from mortuary remains to figurative art, they reveal a great deal to us about people in past societies. In gender archaeology the visibility of bodies as archaeological evidence has lead to questions being asked of the very formulation of gender as a concept, of how gender is understood to operate through bodies and in society. The point I will argue in the course of this paper is that the sex/gender split naturalizes a binary division of bodies and hence naturalizes the exclusive division of bodies into male and female. Such a binary division may be a pertinent description of current ideals of the structure of bodies. Its establishment as a natural fact, however, is impeding the investigation of bodies in prehistory, preventing the questioning of how bodies gain significance, how bodies become sexed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate and discuss a fundamental, ontological question which appears to have been forgotten and simplified in the discourses of contemporary archaeology. This question is, ‘Why is there material culture rather than nothing?' In accordance with its purpose, and the question just put forward, this paper is quite philosophical in nature. It presents a discussion that is probably unfamiliar to most archaeologists. Despite this fact, I would encourage the reader to continue, because the actual discussion leads to further questions that are of crucial relevance both to archaeologists and to archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food and feasting are increasingly recognized as having played a prominent role in the emergence of social hierarchies and the negotiation of power and identity (Clark and Blake 1994; Dietler 1996; Dietler and Hayden 2001; Gero 1992; Goody 1982; Gummerman 1997; Nielsen and Nielsen 1998; Wiessner and Shieffenhovel 1996). The notion of ‘feasting,' as used here, refers to a communal food consumption event that differs in some way from everyday practice (after Dietler 1996). Given the culinary nature of feasts, the use of containers for both food preparation and consumption is generally involved, a fact that increases the archaeological visibility of such events. The papers in this volume utilize culinary equipment as a window into the commensal politics of early states and empires, focusing on the question of whether and how food and feasting figured in the political calculus of archaic states. Using both New and Old World examples, the assembled papers offer particular case studies that serve as the basis for a comparative assessment of the role of feasting in the emergence and expansion of early states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 140 years since Darwin first presented his paper on evolution by natural selection to the Linnaean Society (1858), a remarkable mass of evidence has been uncovered to document the biological and cultural evolution of the human lineage. This chapter focuses on the archaeology of our earliest ancestors, tracing their emergence as bipedal hominids (members of our family, the Hominidae) more than 4 million years ago, the rise of stone tool-making and tool-using populations by approximately 2.5 million years ago, and the eventual spread of hominids out of Africa into Eurasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliography on the subject of book "The Emergence of the Moundbuilders: The Archaeology of Tribal Societies in Southeastern Ohio," edited by Elliot M. Abrams and AnnCorinne Freter.

CARARE is a best practice network funded by the European Commission΄s ICT Policy Support Programme. The network brings together heritage agencies, organisations, archaeological museums, research institutions and specialist digital archives to establish a service that will make digital content for Europe΄s unique archaeological monuments and historic sites interoperable with Europeana. As well as bringing 2D images and text documents to Europeana, CARARE will bring a mass of geo-referenced content to Europeana and adds 3D and Virtual Reality as new content types. This paper looks at the activities of the CARARE project in establishing and aggregation service for the archaeology/architecture domain including work to mediate the rich metadata held by the domain for presentation in the Europeana Data Model, the use of semantic web technologies such as SKOS, and work on the documentation and preparation of 3D and VR content for online publication and discovery via the Europeana search service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the archaeology domain, datasets frequently refer to time periods using a variety of textual or numeric formats. Traditionally controlled vocabularies of time periods have used classification notation and the collocation of terms in the printed form to represent and convey tacit information about the relative order of concepts. The emergence of the semantic web entails encoding this knowledge into machine readable forms, and so the meaning of this informal ordering arrangement can be lost. Conversion of controlled vocabularies to Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS) format provides a formal basis for semantic web indexing but does not facilitate chronological inference - as thesaurus relationship types are an inappropriate mechanism to fully describe temporal relationships. This becomes an issue in archaeological data where periods are often described in terms of (e.g.) named monarchs or emperors, without additional information concerning relative chronological context. An exercise in supplementing existing controlled vocabularies of time period concepts with dates and temporal relationships was undertaken as part of the Semantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources (STAR) project. The general aim of the STAR project is to demonstrate the potential benefits in cross searching archaeological data conforming to a common overarching conceptual data structure schema - the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM). This paper gives an overview of STAR applications and services and goes on to particularly focus on issues concerning the extraction and representation of time period information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe in this paper a complete informational model based on the geographical information system technology for organizing the Romanian territory archaeological information and to put it in an electronically accessible form, while remaining similar in content with a classic archaeological atlas. Geographical and archaeological databases were designed and implemented, along with interfaces for their manipulation and an interface for archaeological atlas consultation. The system has already been implemented using information specific to a narrow archaeological area, in the hydrographical basin of the Bahluiet River in the Iasi County. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]