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Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the EUROCALL society succeeded in holding the 28th EUROCALL conference, EUROCALL2020, on 20-21 August as an online, two-day gathering. The transition process required to make this happen was demanding and insightful for everyone involved, and, in many ways, a logical consequence of the core content and purpose of EUROCALL. Who would be better suited to transform an onsite conference into an online event than EUROCALL? CALL for widening participation was this year's theme. We welcomed contributions from both theoretical and practical perspectives in relation to the many forms and contexts of CALL. We particularly welcomed longitudinal studies or studies that revisited earlier studies. The academic committee accepted 300 abstracts for paper presentations, symposia, workshops, and posters under this theme; 57 short papers are published in this volume. We hope you will enjoy reading this volume, the first one to reflect a one hundred percent online EUROCALL conference/Online Gathering. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2024, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS), held in International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2024, held in Porto, Portugal, from 20 to 22 of April 2024. This conference serves as a platform for scholars, researchers, practitioners, and students to come together and share their latest findings, ideas, and insights in the field of psychology. InPACT 2024 received 526 submissions, from more than 43 different countries all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take the form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. 189 submissions (overall, 36% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation at the conference.

"Proceedings of International Conference on Studies in Education and Social Sciences" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Studies in Education and Social Sciences (ICSES) which took place on November 11-14, 2021 in Antalya, Turkey. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and social sciences. The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES). The ICSES invites submissions which address the theory, research or applications in all disciplines of education and social sciences. The ICSES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and social sciences, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals and all interested in education and social sciences. After peer-reviewing process, all full papers are published in the Conference Proceedings. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

This edited volume contains 11 short papers selected from the 2017 Innovative Language Teaching and Learning at University conference (InnoConf), which took place on the 16th of June at The Open University. The theme of the conference was "Integrating Informal Learning into Formal Language Education." The aim of the conference was to engage in productive collaboration between language professionals to further equip students to succeed in the ever-growing landscape of formal and informal learning. The chapters in this book provide insights into many types of innovative approaches to teaching languages at university and beyond. The contributing authors have experimented with new strategies to enrich their students' learning experience or identified new ways of using existing resources in and outside the classroom. This is the third volume in a series of books compiling papers from the InnoConf conferences. Following "Integrating informal learning into formal language education: An introduction" (Fernando Rosell-Aguilar, Tita Beaven, and Mara Fuertes Gutiérrez), this volume is comprised of three sections. Section 1, Learning collaboratively online: Attitudes, motivation, and learning communities, contains the following papers: (1) Can you teach me to speak? Oral practice and anxiety in a language MOOC (Zsuzsanna Bárkányi); (2) Social media in L2 education: Exploring on-line collaborative writing in EFL settings (Robert Martínez-Carrasco); (3) Busuu: how do users rate this app for language learning? (Miguel Ángel Saona-Vallejos); and (4) 'It's a shame that we haven't met earlier!': Facilitating a tandem language exchange programme at Queen's University Belfast (Liang Wang). Section 2, Testing and evaluating language learning tools, contains the following papers: (5) ImparApp: Italian language learning with MIT's TaleBlazer mobile app (Tiziana Cervi-Wilson and Billy Brick); (6) LipDub: A technology-enhanced language learning project with music (Kirsten Mericka); (7) Video resources in a flipped language classroom: An experience of using videos to flip a Mandarin teaching module (Zhiqiong Chen); (8) The Better French Living Project: How to encourage linguistic, practical, and cultural year-abroad preparation outside the classroom (Sandra Salin); (9) Multimodal Corpus of Spanish Speech Acts: Main features and potential pedagogical uses (Marta Vacas Matos); and (10) Twitter as a formal and informal language learning tool: From potential to evidence (Fernando Rosell-Aguilar). Section 3, The polyglot community: An interview with Richard Simcott, contains the following paper: (11) The polyglot community: An interview with Richard Simcott, by Tita Beaven (Tita Beaven and Richard Simcott). An author index is included. (Individual papers contain references.) [Language Acts and Worldmaking contributed to the funding for this publication. For the second volume, "Innovative Language Teaching and Learning at University: Enhancing Employability," see ED574244.]

This volume contains papers submitted to the 12th Annual International Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), held in Sofia and Nessebar, Bulgaria, in June 2014, and papers submitted to the 2nd International Partner Conference, organized by the International Research Centre 'Scientific Cooperation,' Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The volume also includes papers submitted to the International Symposium on Comparative Sciences, organized by the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society in Sofia, in October 2013. The 12th BCES Conference theme is "Education's Role in Preparing Globally Competent Citizens." The 2nd Partner Conference theme is "Contemporary Science and Education: New Challenges -- New Decisions." The book consists of 103 papers, written by 167 authors and co-authors, and grouped into 7 parts. Parts 1-4 comprise papers submitted to the 12th BCES Conference, and Parts 5-7 comprise papers submitted to the 2nd Partner Conference. The 103 papers are divided into the following parts: (1) Comparative Education & History of Education; (2) Pre-service and In-service Teacher Training & Learning and Teaching Styles; (3) Education Policy, Reforms and School Leadership; (4) Higher Education, Lifelong Learning and Social Inclusion; (5) Educational Development Strategies in Different Countries and Regions of the World: National, Regional and Global Levels; (6) Key Directions and Characteristics of Research Organization in Contemporary World; and (7) International Scientific and Educational Cooperation for the Solution of Contemporary Global Issues: From Global Competition to World Integration.

This collection of papers includes the following: "Second Language Acquisition Research in Japan: Theoretical Issues" (Peter Robinson, Mark Sawyer, and Steven Ross); (2) "Focus on Form: Implicit and Explicit Form Focused Instruction Incorporated into a Communicative Task" (Hitoshi Muranoi); (3) "A Task that Works for Negotiation of Meaning" (Terefumi Fubata); (4) "Noticing Output and its Effects on Learner Production" (David Aline); (5) "Implicit and Explicit Instruction of L2 Complex Request Forms" (Satomi Takahashi); (6) "Literacy as an Anchor for the Spoken Language: Evidence from Adult Attriters of L2 Japanese" (Lyne Hansen and Jesse Newbold); (7) "Relationships among Attitudes, Motivation, Anxiety and English Language Proficiency in Japanese College Students" (Amy Yamashiro and John McLaughlin); (8) "Investigating the Role of Aptitude in an EFL Course in Japan" (James Sick and Kay Irie); (9) "The Role of the Language Teacher: Cross Cultural Perspectives" (Stephen M. Ryan and Veronica Makarova); and (10) "Japanese Secondary Students Attaining Oral Proficiency: Interviews with More and Less Proficient Individuals" (Jacqueline Beebe). (Papers contain references.) (SM)

In this paper a conceptualization of human anxiety on the Internet is introduced; it is built on the understanding of human behavior with regard to technology. The objective of this paper is to conceptualize the human anxiety. An integral part of understanding is an inter-disciplinary (psychology science, cognitive science, behavioral science and communication technology) literature review, of which and overall summary is presented. The understanding is conceptualized by designing, implementing and evaluating through a developed user study model. In this paper the preliminary result of utilizing the developed user study found seven particular anxiety areas which need further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify whether extending learners΄ profiles in an adaptive educational system to cognitive and emotional characteristics may have a positive effect on performance, we conducted an empirical study that consists of two subsequent experiments. The human factors that were taken into consideration in the personalization process were cognitive style, visual working memory span, control/speed of processing and anxiety. With the exception of control/speed of processing, matching the instructional style to users΄ characteristics was revealed to be statistically significant in optimizing their performance (n=219). On the basis of this empirical assessment, this paper argues that individual differences at this intrinsic level are important, and their main effect can be manipulated by taking advantage of adaptive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies using VR exposure therapy for PTSD have been conducted to date, with promising results. The need for better accuracy of the patient's arousal assessment requires aggregation of various measures of arousal, including physiological ones, which may increase the mental burden on the therapist. Assessment of the patient's arousal, automated by the computer, may therefore be useful. As the therapist also needs to manipulate user interface to introduce appropriate trigger stimuli in the virtual environment, automated adaptation of VR scenarios in response to the patient's level of arousal may alleviate this task. This paper describes the architecture of the software that performs appropriate automation according to the rules of graded exposure therapy, and discusses issues for successful implementation of such software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlled studies by groups throughout the world have proven the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) exposure for “mental rehabilitation,” including treatment of Specific Phobias (SP), Social Phobia (SoP), and Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia (PDA). In addition, many are now showing the power of adding VR to protocols to treat individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as well as to prevent PTSD by “inoculating” individuals against stressful situations they may encounter (Stress Inoculation Training). Others have shown how VR can be added to protocols for those needing “physical rehabilitation” to improve patient compliance and outcomes. In addition, studies have shown the addition of physiological monitoring and feedback to the VR protocol can have added benefit, both in terms of short term effectiveness and in terms of lowering recidivism in the long term. VR allows stimuli to be presented in a systematic, controlled fashion, and physiology provides objective evidence of when the stimuli are eliciting appropriate responses in the patient or trainee. This enables treatment and training to be individualized, focusing in on those specific parts of the experience which cause the individual the most difficulty. By combining such measures as subjective ratings, physiological data, personality type, and self-report questionnaire scores, with expert clinical observations; it is possible to further refine and improve clinical and research-based protocols. Decades after the first simulators were used to train fighter pilots, advanced technologies and simulations are now impacting military medicine. This paper highlights illustrative studies to introduce the reader to this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This monograph explores the particular kind of shyness that manifests itself in quietness or avoidance of talk by students in the classroom. It deals with the consequences and diagnosis of such shyness, the subjective experience, the causes, and the treatment. In addition, it offers classroom activities and exercises designed to remedy the condition. (MKM)

Chapter VII of book VIII of the book "Prince Eugene and His Times," by Louisa Muhlbach is presented. The chapter explores on the execution of the plan of Marquis Strozzi to kill Prince Eugene and to take back Laura from him. It highlights on the tragedy that had happened to Laura and to Eugene resulting from Strozzi's might.

The Surgeon General's first report on mental health identified depression and anxiety as significant mental health issues that disproportionately affect women. Research indicates that lesbians experience depression at rates that parallel those of the general female population, suggesting that depression is an important mental health issue for lesbians. Given the high rate of comorbidity between depression and anxiety disorders, it is likely that many depressed lesbians have struggled with problems related to anxiety as well. This paper reviews literature pertaining to lesbians and depression including incidence rates, risk factors, suicidality and treatment approaches, and stress and anxiety that may also contribute to the experience of depression among lesbians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the benefits of social transition in young transgender children as a supportive and reversible intervention. Topics include the positive impact on mental health outcomes, evidence from studies showing reduced depression and anxiety, and the debate surrounding early social transition and its role in later medical interventions.

In a pilot study, we investigated the effect of anxiety on users΄ susceptibility to deceptive information on Web pages. Specifically, we manipulated the perceived control and associated anxiety of participants with and without visual disabilities as they used an assistive technology, a screen reader. Preliminary findings indicated that anxious participants (i.e., without visual disabilities) using the unfamiliar assistive technology were more susceptible to deception and expressed more suspicion regarding the Web pages. We interpret these preliminary findings as consistent with the work of Whitson and Galinsky [1] and discuss implications for further research in Web site credibility determinations and users΄ susceptibility to deception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Claims abound regarding the presumed motivations, temperaments, and cognitive patterns of terrorists and of those who support terrorism. Very few of these claims have been tested empirically. We attempted to test several previously proposed hypotheses using more rigorous methods. First, is sympathy for terrorism associated with emotional distress, and especially with conflict-trauma-related distress? Second, is sympathy for terrorism associated with perceived oppression? Third, does sympathy for terrorism correlate with the general trait of aggressivity? Fourth, recognizing the robust evidence that both aggression and chronic stress are associated with neuroendocrine changes, do individuals with different neuroendocrine status exhibit different degrees of sympathy for terrorism? Preliminary results will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter XXII of the book "Roughing it in the Bush" is presented. It highlights the fire which ignited from a stove at the kitchen of the author's house in the winter of 1837 in Canada. It also focuses on the anxiety felt by the author concerning the danger of the fire and the action she carried out to prevent the fire from spreading in the entire house.

Chapter VI of book VIII of the book "Prince Eugene and His Times," by Louisa Muhlbach is presented. The chapter explores on the revenge of Marquis de Strozzi collaborated with Louvois against Prince Eugene for cohabiting Laura, the wife of Strozzi. It highlights on the agreement of Louvois with Strozzi to bring back Laura to his palace after Strozzi killed Prince Eugene. Louvois proposed to kill the Prince through poisoning him.

Chapter V of book V of the book "Prince Eugene and His Times," by Louisa Muhlbach is presented. The chapter explores on what had happened in the Strozzi Palace focusing on the actuations of Marquis de Strozzi and condition of Laura. It highlights on the conversation between Barbesieur and Marquis concerning the life Marquis is giving to Laura by not giving her the freedom to love and be loved by Prince Eugene.

Chapter XIII of the book "ELINOR WYLLYS: OR, THE YOUNG FOLK OF LONGBRIDGE" is presented. It mentions the anxiousness felt by Elinor during the interview with Mr. Clapp while Mary Van Alstyne felt interested with the subject matter and cites that Elinor found out that the examination result of William Stanley was better than they expected. It also highlights how Jane conversed by Miss Agnes regarding her condition and plans.

Chapter XI of the book "HARVEST" is presented. It views on the visit of Rachel Henderson to the town with laughing and singing crowds. It cites the fear of Henderson when a man had laid a violent hand upon her horse. It also indicates the situation in which Henderson had been thought as the wife of Roger Delane.

The article presents a reprint of the article "The Crisis X" taken from the book "The Writings of Thomas Paine," Volume I, collected and edited by Moncure Daniel Conway. It stresses that of all the innocent passions which actuate the human mind, there is none more universally prevalent than curiosity that it reaches all mankind and provokes a desire to know them. The author points out that the situation in the U.S. has placed the country above the region of anxiety.

Chapter IX of the Second Epoch of the story continued by Marian Halcombe of the book "The Woman in White" is presented. It accounts of all the troubles and anxieties on the events that transpired in the residence of the Baronet. It highlights the conversation between the Count and the Baronet regarding money problems and their evil prospects of getting it. It also mentions the necessity of finding Anne Catherick who held the key to the secret of the Baronet.

Chapter LIII of the book "Wives and Daughters" is presented. It explores the arrival of Molly Gibson just before the carriage and fairly drawn up at the Hamley Hall. It states that the squire had been very anxious for Molly's return. It reveals that it was longing to go out and meet her, however, it restrained by a feeling of solemn etiquette which stopped him of doing so.

Chapter 1 of the "Handbook of College Science Teaching" is presented. It focuses on research done on science anxiety and actions that college science teachers can take to build the confidence of their students. According to the author, he identified the phenomenon in 1977, for which he coined the term science anxiety. Instrument and analysis, the role of gender and nationality, and the role of science courses are discussed. A copy of the Science Anxiety Questionnaire is presented.

Chapter 13 of the book "The New Science of Axiological Psychology" is presented. This chapter discusses the biomedical validation of the Hartman Value Profile (HVP) as an indicator of cardiovascular health by establishing a correlation between the anxiety and stress scale (INT%-2) and levels of blood cholesterol. The author cites as reference, the work of Hans Selye in the field of psychosomatic medicine, and acknowledges the influence of preventive medicine pioneers such as R.J. Williams in biochemical individuality, and Linus Pauling in chemistry.

A range of developmental risk factors threatens the psychosocial well-being of children with a chronic health condition (CCHC). Early intervention and prevention programs are emerging as an effective response to improving individual and family coping mechanisms. In particular, efforts to address individual and family coping throughout the important pre-teen transitional ages for CCHC have gained popularity although their effectiveness has not been adequately demonstrated. We conducted a pre-post intervention study to evaluate an intensive intervention program for CCHC aged 10-14 years that aimed to enhance well-being. Twelve CCHC participated in a pilot 8-week intensive intervention program. At three month follow-up there was a significant increase in children's self esteem (t = 3.39, p < .01). There was a decrease in mean scores for anxiety and depression symptoms. Parental perceptions of the impact of the condition on the child reduced significantly (t = 2.37, p < .05). It was beyond the scope of the present study to conclusively evaluate the effectiveness of the intensive intervention program, however results show that it was a promising strategy to improve a range of outcomes for CCHC. Further research using a larger sample is needed to determine the ways in which this program influences psychosocial well-being of CCHC and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the effects of patient education on anxiety among Chinese patients with heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization in Hong Kong. Design: Randomized experimental design, data collected on three occasions from subjects. Setting: A regional major hospital in Hong Kong. Subjects: 62 clients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups with 31 subjects in each group. Interventiony: Group education before cardiac catheterization. Main outcome measures: State Anxiety Inventory (STAI Form Y-1) and Knowledge about Cardiac Catheterization. Results: State anxiety of all subjects reached the highest at the time just before cardiac catheterization and recorded the lowest at the time following the procedure. A lower level of anxiety was experienced by the experimental subjects who received the education intervention when compared with the control subjects who did not receive the education intervention before cardiac catheterization. Conclusion: The study provides initial information about anxiety reduction with education intervention among Chinese heart disease patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. It is envisaged that the study may also assist health professionals in developing and designing effective educational programmes for clients prior to cardiac catheterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the relations between race and female sexuality and subjectivity. Psychoanalysts Joan Riviere and Melanie Klein theorize that female sexuality and subjectivity rely in complex ways on unexamined racial fantasies. Femininity, according to Riviere, is primary a defensive masquerade to ward off reprisals and avert anxiety and retribution feared from men for assuming masculinity. This idea is drawn directly from Klein whose theory of reparation claims that the anxiety experienced by girls is the equivalent of castration-anxiety in boys, which could be mitigated by female creativity.

Chapter seven of the book "The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder," is presented. It explores a series of clinical sessions for post-traumatic stress disorder that took place over the course of two years. It also focuses on an account of how patients and therapists resisted and how their resistance were appropriated by the clinical regime.

Chapter one of the book "The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder," is presented. It explores the history of nervous shock and how it evolved into the memory that is embodied in the neurophysiology of pain and fear. Further it discusses the history of repression and dissociation and the pathogenic secret. It also focuses on the events that follow the birth of the traumatic memory.

The author explores the traits necessary to a minimally anxious and hostile individuals, and how religion and a belief in a supernatural eradicate each of these personality traits. He offers some legitimate definitions of the term religion and offers a look at the main psychotherapeutic goals. He then discusses the personality traits that can be acquired by a person through psychotherapy, which include self-interest, self-direction, and tolerance.

Chapter XXIV of the book "Hypatia or New Foes With an Old Face" is presented. It highlights the situation wherein Philammon has awoke from his dream and made straight for Pelagia's house. It relates the effort of Philammon to meet Pelagia in which he waited into the street in an agony of disappointment and anxiety.

The author presents a personal narrative of his experiences suffering the chronic and abnormal anxiety about imaginary symptoms and ailments called hypochondria.

Chapter 6 of the book "Dracula," by Bram Stoker is presented. It focuses on the journey of Mina Murray, fiancee of solicitor Jonathan Harker, to Whitby, Yorkshire to visit her friend Lucy Westenra. It describes the places explored by Murray and Westenra and their encounter with a strange man named Mr. Swales whose speech is heavy with the region's dialect. It highlights the growing anxious of Murray for not hearing news about Harker from his employer, Peter Hawkins.

The anxiety to hear the speech that all the ordinary preliminaries of senatorial action were postponed, and Mr. Webster began his "Second Speech on Foot's Resolution," better known as "The Reply to Hayne" ( January 1830).

Chapter V of the book "Greifenstein," by F. Marion Crawford is presented. At the castle, Greifenstein has become very anxious with the news of his half-brother returning. On the other hand, Greif was lesser concerned about the news. He has been very glad that his academic career will be coming to and with Hilda to become his wife.

Chapter 9 of the first book of "The Coming Bill," by P. G. Wodehouse is presented. It relates the anxiety of Kirk Winfield on the birth of his son named William Bannister Winfield, who possesses dough-like face with devoid nose, lack lustre nose and the general appearance of a poached egg. Furthermore, it highlights the visit of Bailey Bannister to his nephew at Winfield's studio.