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Is there an ideal leader? If yes, do the traits of this ideal leader vary by national culture or across time, or is leadership a uniform concept across cultures? In this paper, modal leader behavior patterns are explored in modern Greece, through the findings of a longitudinal research project carried out on 1000 middle managers. The identified as desired leadership traits are then studied under the light of ideal images of the leader, as depicted in the classic works of Ancient Greek thinkers, notably Plato. Believing that implicit fundamental values are, to their larger part, unchangeable, we assume that the Greek ideal leader remains the same across centuries. Our findings seem to support this assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In antiquity, many Greeks migrated to new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander the Great's wake. The power of these cities was based on the spirit of Alexander's Oath at Opis, as it was based on their ability to be connected more by language, culture, and history than by law or a hierarchical relationship (Burn 1948). Homonoia, the pursuit of order and unity, which had been a growing preoccupation among the Greeks for some time is the central axon of Alexander's Oath at Opis. Xenophon's statement that Homonoia was the greatest virtue inside a City is known to have prompted Isocrates to use the word to urge Philip of Macedonia to unite the Greeks against the barbarians (De Mauriac 1949). Alexander, Philip's son, universalized the meaning of the word Homonoia by acting on his Oath at Opis. This approach was a significant contributor for Hellenistic cities in ancient times for the creation of social cohesion and the mobilisation of diversity, and paved the way for globalisation. Today, important centers of the Greek Diaspora exist in New York, Chicago, London, Melbourne, Toronto, and other parts of the world. Multiculturalism, a significant contributor to diversity, is at the forefront of policy debates, including in Australian policy circles, driven largely by the Federal government's objective of social cohesion (Parliament of Australia 2010). In this paper, we argue that the Greek Diaspora in the Australian multicultural landscape mirrors mechanisms that were developed in the ancient Greek states, and that there is considerable scope to utilise today's dynamics of the Greek Diaspora more effectively by considering ancient developments and context, especially in the presence of the crisis of values emerging from the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008. This crisis has presented challenges for the irresistible forces of globalization, very much alike with challenges that Alexander the Great confronted when faced with the Mutiny at Opis in his pursuit of Homonoia consistent his Oath at Opis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the opening of the Greek society to a single common religion of a minority group (the Muslims of Thrace's) and of the majority of the foreign workers, at a time when the Orthodox religion is the state religion in Greece. It also gives a comparative analysis of the relationship between state and religion and its dynamics, from an historical and legal point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes in brief, the action plan that the Greek regional section of Euroscience has followed, during the last two years, for the promotion of applied geophysics in Greece. Focusing mainly on young children, the programme achieved to attract as well the interest of university students as that of teachers and to become one of the most popular scientific actions in Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on how the science of astronomy developed. It was in ancient Greece that the science of astronomy got started. One of the most important questions that the Greeks tried to tackle had to do with the Earth's shape. The Earth's position in the universe was another puzzle that the Greek philosophers tried to solve. Most of them thought that daily movements of the sun, moon and stars proved that the Earth was a fixed body in the center of the universe around which everything else orbited. In the mid 1900s, physicist Albert Einstein's theories revolutionized science and gave astronomers new insight into how the universe works.

Often, one connotes problem management with a postdelivery process for resolving problems within corrective maintenance. Very seldom, however, one relates it to the testing process within development, evolution and maintenance. In this paper, we propose a model of predelivery problem management. Using the model, we study the industrial status within eight companies situated in Greece. Our results show that all the organizations studied conduct a predelivery problem management process within system testing. However, only three out of eight companies perform it within central integration testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marly formations are widespread in Greece with major works founded on, or excavated in them. Perhaps the most spectacular of them is the Corinth Canal, a ca. 7 kilometre long canal with very steep (average inclination 4.5: 1) and Corinth marl. The excellent stability of the steep canal slopes has motivated extensive laboratory investigations of the mechanical properties of the Corinth marl at the Geotechnical Department of the National Technical University of Athens since several years, the latest of which involved the drying properties of the Corinth marls. The drying portion of the soil-water characteristic curve was determined from undisturbed block samples and from reconstituted samples re-consolidated to the in-situ stresses. The airentry pressure was found to be higher in the case of the undisturbed samples compared to the reconstituted/re-consolidated samples. Furthermore, the variation of the void ratio with suction up to the air-entry pressure was found to be close to the curve of void ratio versus effective stress from one-dimensional consolidation over the same stress range. This behaviour constitutes evidence of the validity of the effective stress principle up to the air-entry pressure. Finally, the paper concludes with estimations on the apparent cohesion change of the Corinth marl with suction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliography on Ancient Greece is presented, which includes the book "Diplomacy in Ancient Greece" by F. E. Adcock and D. J. Mosley, "Classical Archaeology" edited by S. E. Alcock and R. Osborne, and "The Greek Tyrants" by A. Andrewes.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including democracy, governance, and constitutional practices in Ancient Greece.

This chapter contains sections titled: Epigraphic Habit(s), Document Materials, Documents and Records, Archives, Epigraphic Habits and the Presentation of Political Culture [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter contains sections titled: Polybios' Conception of the Politeia, Political Constitutions, Interstate Relations, and Imperial Expansion, Achaia and Rome: The Morality of Empire and the Predicament of Polybios, Conclusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter three of the book "Kazantzakis: Politics of the Spirit" is presented. It mentions that author Nikos Kazantzakis adopted meta-communism due to loss in faith for Greek nationalism from murder of Greek diplomat Ion Dragoúmis in 1920. It states that defeat of politician Eleftherios Venizélos in the polls also led for development of metacommunism in Kazantzakis.

Chapter 8 of the book: "Serbian and Greek Art Music: A Patch to Western Music History" is presented. It focuses on Nikos Skalkottas, who is considered to be Greece's most influential composer during the first half of the 20th century and one of Arnold Schoenberg's most talented and original students. Thomas Tamkavos, in 2008, made a compilation of Skalkottas' music that totaled of 144 records, second only, in terms of numbers, to the Greek composer Iannis Xenakis.

Chapter 5 of the book "Beyond Liberal Democracy: Political Thinking for an East Asian Context," by Daniel A. Bell, is presented. It explores the comparison on the approach of the physical education in Ancient Greece and Ancient China. It highlights some general reflections on the idea of active citizenship for East Asian context.

This article examines the professionalisation of political communication in Greece. It argues that despite the modernisation of politics, the differences in media and political systems and practices in each country remain greater than the similarities. It explains that professionalisation of politics and communication practices are influenced by the cultural traits and economic conditions and political philosophies of a particular country. This is true in the experience of Greece.

Logistic fits are made to the populations of attacks by urban guerrilla groups in Greece, under the assumption that these organizations grow in competition like species in nature. The data cover the attacks of the major urban guerrilla groups (17N and ELA) plus a number of lesser groups. We conclude that urban guerrilla activities in Greece were triggered into existence by the military junta but had their roots deeper into the earlier political system in Greece. In any case, the life cycle of political violence in Greece had already been completed when the police finally began cracking down on the 17N. Carrying over the biological species analogy to the continuing armed conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan it is demonstrated that logistic fits describe very well the casualties resulting from the action of “insurgent groups” resisting the US presence in these countries. We conclude that in Afghanistan the last cycle of violence will reach its completion by the early months of 2006 while in Iraq the cycle of violence will extend through 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples of Lophelia were taken at two localities in the Lindos Bay Clay (Lower Pleistocene) of the Rhodes Formation on the Dodecanese Island of Rhodes. At a coastal exposure at Vasphi, northeast Rhodes, about 200 fragments of Lophelia were collected in situ from the clay and surface preservation of these is consequently particularly fine. The second collection of material was made at an exposure south of Lardos, about 35 km further south. This material comprised some 800 fragments of Lophelia collected both in situ and loose; preservation quality of the surfaces of these is variable. Both collections derive from single fl at beds of coral fragments. Bioerosion of the corals shows a good diversity, comprising about 18 ichnotaxa, five in open nomenclature, including: Orthogonum lineare, Saccomorpha clava and other microborings (probably exclusively of endolithic fungi), Oichnus isp. (pits and holes of various forms, probably all deriving from foraminifers), dish-shaped etchings possibly produced by the foraminifer Hyrrokkin sarcophaga, Palaeosabella prisca (polychaete worm borings), Caulostrepsis isp. (polychaete borings), probable Maeandropolydora isp. (polychaete borings), Talpina isp. (phoronid borings), Podichnus centrifugalis (attachment scars of brachiopods), Centrichnus eccentricus (attachment scars of anomiid bivalves), Gnathichnus pentax (tooth scratches by regular echinoids), and Entobia ispp. (borings of endolithic sponges). Three small, radiating forms around a millimetre in size are difficult to attribute to particular tracemaking organisms. They are retained in open nomenclature as Semidendrina-form (possibly foraminifera borings), a non-camerate radiating form and a hirsute camerate form. No ctenostome bryozoan borings were observed. Talpina isp. is abundant at Vasphi but scarce at Lardos. Otherwise the relative abundance of the trace fossils is comparable at the two localities. The total amount of bioerosion varies considerably in different parts of the coral skeleton. On the basis of SEM imagery, three categories of bioerosional intensity are introduced: 1, slight bioerosion; 2, medium bioerosion, and 3, heavy bioerosion. The distribution of Gnathichnus pentax and the absence of Radulichnus inopinatus indicates an aphotic environment. The microbioerosional assemblage correlates with the Saccomorpha clava / Orthogonum lineare Ichnocoenosis, which also indicates an aphotic seafl oor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern and widespread deep-water coral ecosystems have become a major target of research during the last decades. So far, only a few fossil counterparts of such carbonate-secreting deep-water communities have been described. This scarcity might be a result of either, a possible miss-identification as a tropical deposit and/or the rare case of tectonic uplift and subsequent access to these deepwater deposits. The early Pleistocene St. Paul’s Bay Limestone on the island of Rhodes (Greece) represents one of the few known examples of the bathyal ‘white coral community’ dominated by Lophelia pertusa which are exposed on land. This occurrence relates to a convergent tectonic setting with large-scale uplifts in the vicinity of the European-African plate boundary that is responsible for the exposure of these early Pleistocene deep-water deposits. The geometry of the St. Paul’s Bay Limestone significantly differs from the mound-forming Lophelia occurrences as known, e.g., from the NE-Atlantic or the Florida Strait. Instead, it appears similar to the modern ‘white coral community’ of the western Mediterranean Sea that is usually associated with submarine cliffs. Much like the latter, the St. Paul’s Bay Limestone demonstrates that the growth and final deposition of the ‘white coral community’ was strongly influenced by the complex relief with steep submarine basement cliffs generated by horst-graben systems. These submarine cliffs not only provided the main habitat for the ‘white coral community’, they also explain recurrent instability and redeposition by debris falls along the submarine cliffs. Such a debris fall mechanism is strongly suggested by: (1) the steep slope angles (>30°), (2) the short transport distance (<20 m), (3) the wedge-like geometry, (4) the lack of grading, (5) the fabric complexity with incorporated fragments of hardgrounds, intraclasts and slightly consolidated sediment, (6) geopetal structures of various directions, thus indicating multiple resedimentation events, and (7) the variety of fragmentation and bioerosion. This resulted in the final deposition of the ‘white coral community’ (1) at the foot of submarine cliffs and (2) in neptunian dykes and, to a minor extent (3) in erosional depressions of the basement rock. In conclusion, the basic characters of the St. Paul’s Bay Limestone in terms of the initial facies, fabric and fauna largely match those described for lithoherms (Florida Strait). The enhanced complexity in terms of the final fabric and the wedge-like geometry appear due to multiple resedimentation events via debris falls along submarine cliffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the marginality of both place and people and mentions how marginality is continually reconstructed in Epirus, Greece & Albania. Topics discussed include emphasis on transnationalism, transmigration, and multiculturalism, fascination with marginality in Euro-American anthropology, and the ethnography of Greece.

Chapter Eleven of the book "The Origins of Criticism: Literary Culture and Poetic Theory in Classical Greece," by Andrew Ford is presented. It shows how the conception of Greek literature was broadened to accommodate poetry. It considers the texts from Isocrates that demonstrate how and why poetry became defined as a formal derivative of prose.

Chapter Six of the book "The Origins of Criticism: Literary Culture and Poetic Theory in Classical Greece," by Andrew Ford is presented. It explores the early career of poets and their cognates to determine when and by whom the conception of singers as craftsmen of words was promulgated among the Greeks. It traces the early Greek conceptions of artistic making and their relation to conceptions of song.

Chapter 1 of the book "We, the People of Europe? Reflections on Transnational Citizenship," by Étienne Balibar is presented. It explores Thessaloníki, Greece as one of the peripheral countries of Europe in terms of traditional configuration. It defines the term border, in which the author identifies it as borders of sociopolitical entities wherein profound changes took place in terms of secular and religious cultures regardless of economic and political conditions.

The article discusses the role of funerary lamentation in the politics of Greek tragedy. It gives a historical background of how Greek women perform the mourning customs in public and notes the efforts made by the social system in Athens with regards to it. It also mentions some tragic plays that depict lamentation that are politically and socially motivated such as Euripides' Helen, Sophocles' Antigone and Aescyhlus' Agamemnon.

The article presents information on the impact of the left wing involvement of Greek women on their family relationships and political beliefs. Topics include the development of self-confidence, equality, and esteem in these women, the process of forced domestication of women during postwar Greece, and the weakened role of family and male domination over women during the wars in the country.

Chapter 4 of the book "Venom in Verse: Aristophanes in Modern Greece," by Gonda A. H. Van Steen is presented. It focuses on the 1959 production of Aristophanes' "Birds" at the Theatro Technes in Athens, Greece. It observes that some of the spectators indicate their disapproval on how Vasiles Rotas translated the text. It reveals that Rotas' version included anachronisms which denounced U.S. missiles and icons of American culture like cowboys.

Chapter 2 of the book "Venom in Verse: Aristophanes in Modern Greece," by Gonda A. H. Van Steen is presented. It looks into demoticism and its impact on the philological reception of Aristophanes. It explains the attempt of the demoticist movement to standardize Greek dialects during the 1880s. Meanwhile, it discusses the emergence of Greek revival theater which leads to the spotlight on Aristophanes' "Plutus."

A section from chapter 1 of the book "The Columbia History of Western Philosophy," edited by Richard H. Popkin is presented. It offers a summary of Hellenistic philosophy. It is noted that in modern usage, the term "Hellinistic" depicts the period of Greek civilization that extends from 323 to 31 before the Christian Era (BCE). Also discussed is a movement called Pyrrhonism established by philosopher Aenesidemus.

Chapter 6 of the book "Contested Identities: Gender and Kinship in Modern Greece" by Peter Loizos is presented. Topics discussed include examination of norms related with roles of kinship in villages of Greece by comparing them with nearby convents that use same kinship terms, emphasis on spiritual world is given in order to achieve grace with God upon death and control of nature and aspect of human beings for the villagers.

Chapter 1 of the book " Contested Identities: Gender and Kinship in Modern Greece" by Peter Loizos is presented. Topics discussed include existence of male chauvinism in Greece by emphasizing on relationship between anthropology and feminism, discussion regarding gender roles and kinship in Greece and role and status of women in marriages of Greece.

The article explores the traditions and values in the village of Apeiranthos in Greece. Topics covered include the social uniqueness of Aperathites which is considered part of their heritage, the claim by Aperathites that someone must be intelligent to speak their dialect Aperathitika and the rejection of proposals to open small hotels or restaurants that would cater to foreigners. Also mentioned is the procedure by which the local government may request funds.

Chaper 2 of the book "Contested Identities: Gender and Kinship in Modern Greece" by Peter Loizos is presented. Topics discussed include perception regarding Jesus Christ and God in gender terms by Greek villagers, association of concepts like dowries and trousseaux with marriages of girl and discussion regarding analysis of death in which all the tasks which are performed after death are carried on by women.

Chapter 5 of the book "Contested Identities: Gender and Kinship in Modern Greece" by Peter Loizos is presented. Topics discussed include role of families and kinship in village community of Greece, failing of kinship in dividing of people into groups of discrete and definable family and term of family are given to those who owe one loyalty.

Chapter 3 of the book "Contested Identities: Gender and Kinship in Modern Greece" by Peter Loizos is presented. Topics discussed include embedment of rich ambiguities created through use of stereotypes among different levels of loyalty, appearance of androcentrism in Greece as complex linguistic symbolism and recognition of masculine domain by women in Greece through denial of involvement.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including concept of gender in married life, different types of marriages in Greece and status of women in married life.

An essay about basic issues on classical and modern rhetoric is presented. The author notes that the basic issues in the classical period was whether the Greek education system would have rhetoric or philosophy as its dominant element. He cites the views of Greek philosophers such as Plato on rhetoric and philosophy. He explains the argument of author James Kinneavy in his book "Greek Rhetorical Origins of Christian Faith: An Inquiry," stating that a part of the concept of faith in the New Testament can be found in the rhetorical concept of persuasion.