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Objective: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, the history of which dates back to thousands of years ago. Avicenna (980-1037 AD) is a famous Persian scholar who considered different types of epilepsy and their specific treatments. His book Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb was taught in Europe for several years. Along with explaining the diseases occurring in various body organs, the book describes neurological and neuropsychological conditions such as epilepsy METHODS: This article is a review of the book Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb and some of the traditional Persian medicine sources, including Kāmil al-Sināa al Tibbiya and Makhzan-O-L Advieh, on uterine epilepsy, its etiology, clinical manifestations and treatments. Also, articles related to this topic in the field of traditional Persian medicine or historical articles have been searched for in Google Scholar search engine or PubMed database.Results: Avicenna categorizes the causes of epilepsy into two main groups: those caused by brain diseases and those associated with the diseases of other organs. He believed that the stomach, the spleen, the maraqq, the uterus, or other body organs influence the brain and can cause epilepsy. In uterine epilepsy, the primary pathology lies with the uterus and can affect the brain. This condition occurs due to the retention of the menses or semen.Conclusion: In this historical article, we intend to explain Avicenna's viewpoint on uterine epilepsy. We suggest further studies on this topic, for example, to evaluate the frequency of epilepsy in patients with the retention of the menses or the semen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviewing historical medical manuscripts shows that neurological disorders have been previously described in the Islamic Golden Age. Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna (980-1037 AD), was one of the most renowned scientists during this period. He widely practiced medicine, especially those disorders related to neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry in conventional medicine. In his extant book al-Qānūn fī al-Tibb (the Canon of Medicine), he claimed that some types of brain diseases can be related to the “marāqq” and called them marāqq-related disorders. From Avicenna’s viewpoint, “marāqq” is considered a membranous structure in the abdomen. Ibn Sina has illustrated the association between the “marāqq” and the brain through some direct and indirect pathways. As a result, some disturbances in the “marāqq” can influence the brain, which can contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of brain diseases. Accordingly, those patients who regularly had gastrointestinal discomforts experienced a higher prevalence of headache, melancholia, and epilepsy. This study aimed to explore the relationship between abdominal and brain diseases from Avicenna’s viewpoint. Furthermore, the definition, clinical manifestation, and therapeutic strategies of marāqq-related disorders were described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the best remaining manuscripts is the "Canon of Medicine" fathered by Avicenna in the Islamic Golden Age [ninth to twelfth century AD]. Considering Avicenna's role in the development of medical science in the Islamic Golden Age, we reviewed Avicenna's point of view on sexual headache based on his famous book "Canon of Medicine". This historical review discusses the clinical approaches applied to diagnose, classify, and treat sexual headache-specifically herbal therapy-from the viewpoint of Avicenna and Traditional Persian Medicine. The accurate observations of Avicenna give a comprehensive classified etiology of the sexual headache. The efficacy of some medicinal herbs used by him for sexual headache treatments, such as the analgesic effect of lavender, chamomile, and jasmine has been proved by current medicine; however, the knowledge of medieval physicians should be scientifically investigated even further to extend new remedial options for sexual headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]