Search

This paper attempts to address the question whether intellectual property (IP) reform post-Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights agreement significantly shifted out the technology or innovation frontier, thereby raising overall productivity in the manufacturing sector of the emerging market economy of India. We explore this question using data on a reasonably large sample of manufacturing firms, for the recent period 1994–2011. Using evidence that the reform was largely exogenously driven, we note that endogeneity problems emanate mainly from the heterogeneity of its impact, that is, from the level of IP intensity of the firms and the R&D activities of the firms. We correct for such possible endogeneity biases by estimating this heterogeneity explicitly by employing varying coefficients for conditional difference-in-differences models. Our results reveal a significant outward shift in the technical or innovation frontier, but only an insignificant increase in productivity, consequent to the IP reform. A one-unit increase in the IP index is found to be associated with a response coefficient of about 0.05 in the technical frontier index for the IP-intensive firms compared to about 0.01 in the technical frontier index for the non-IP-intensive firms, both impacts being strongly significant by themselves as well as significantly different from each other. The insignificant productivity response on account of IP reform per se could at least partly be due to firms lagging behind in the adoption of the improved best practice technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is on the path of Digital India, FII and DII's in the country boost the country's economy. Both FII and DII have dominant role in capital formation which assists in assets formation along with investments in the stock market form of trading of various securities. FII funds a capital sources in India from foreign countries, affect the financial system and boost the economical growth. During pandemic, covid -19 the Indian economy has faced severe changes which affected the DII and FDI funds too. The research paper points on the changes in the FII and DII funds due to pandemic with reference to increase in covid cases. Design/Methodology/Approach-The paper employs quantitative approach have exploratory research design. The secondary has been collected from authorized government sites i.e. www.moneycontrol.com & www.statista.com for infusion of FII and DII funds in India and data sheet of COVID-19 cases in India(January 2020 to December 2020). Furthermore, for analyze of data SPSS version 20 has been used. Correlation & regression and ANOVA; Statistical techniques have been applied to reach the findings. The findings exhibits that there has been a significant changes in FII and DII during the COVID first wave period as compared to the pre COVID. Being FII and DII are very important for any countries economy, therefore studying the same and especially for the COVID period is highly essential from the Future perspective. This paper is original as till date no study has been conducted in detail to study the pattern and impact of FII and DII during the COVID times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a theoretical framework to evaluate directed credit reforms in India. It formulates a post-Keynesian/structuralist macro model that incorporates key features of the Indian banking system. The model divides the economy into a demand constrained industrial sector and a credit constrained agricultural sector. The model shows that directed credit reforms tighten agricultural credit and output, erode real wages by increasing the agricultural price and reduce industrial demand. Inflation also picks up on account of real wage resistance. This paper, therefore, has a close affinity with existing accounts that warn against the stagflationary consequences of financial liberalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the long-run (steady-state) relationship between levels of educational human capital and levels of income for the 15 major states of India between 1965 and 1992. The relationship is estimated using the Pooled Mean Groups (PMG) technique; which produces common long-run coefficients but allows heterogeneity of the short-run adjustment parameters. The results suggest that levels of educational human capital, proxied by high school enrollment rates, have a robust positive impact on steady-state levels of income. This is true for male and female education, and the regressions also suggest that states which have larger gender-gaps in education have lower steady-state incomes. The estimated relationship is robust to the inclusion of alternative measures, added controls, and variation in the degree of state coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is the simultaneous growth of a system of spatial units with India the case for empirical testing. The framework used to model the multiregional dynamics is consistent with spatial theory and spatial econometrics. It builds on the work by Arbia and Paelinck, which proposes a model based on the classical Lotka-Volterra predator-prey system to consider potential convergence dynamics of regions. The paper proposes a different method to estimate dynamic interdependencies and in its empirical exercise distinguishes between dynamics that may arise from geographic proximity and those that may arise from equivalent structures. Resumen Este artículo concentra su atención en el crecimiento simultáneo de un sistema de unidades espaciales con la India como caso para estudio empírico. El marco utilizado para modelizar las dinámicas multirregionales está en consonancia con la teoría espacial y la econometría espacial. Se basa en el trabajo de Arbia y Paelinck, que propone un modelo basado en el sistema clásico de predador-presa de Lotka-Volterra para considerar posibles dinámicas de convergencia regionales. El artículo propone un método diferente para estimar interdependencias dinámicas y en su desarrollo empírico distingue entre aquellas dinámicas que pueden resultar de la proximidad geográfica y las que pueden resultar de estructuras equivalentes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), initiated by the Indian Government, and UNESCO's School Sanitation and Hygiene Education (SSHE) Program started providing gender-specific toilets in government schools in the late nineties. This paper examines the connection between separate female toilets and the gender parity indices of enrollment and participation in the primary (grades I–V) and upper primary (grades VI–VIII) levels of education for 28 states and four union territories of India between 2007 and 2015. Additionally, this paper investigates whether separate female toilets improve the gender parity index of education for scheduled-caste students. The results show that separate female toilets in schools are positively associated with the gender parity indices of enrollment and participation at the upper primary level only for all castes combined. This paper finds no evidence to suggest that separate female toilets can improve the gender parity indices of enrollment and participation for scheduled-caste students at the upper primary level. Additionally, separate female toilets in schools are negatively associated with the gender parity index of enrollment for scheduled-caste students at the primary level, which indicates tremendous caste-related discrimination in Indian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

lthough export processing zones (EPZ) have been a part of India's development strategy since the 1960s, they have not been as successful at promoting exports and job creation as might have been hoped. Most explanations of their shortcomings focus on the poor infrastructure and bureaucratic inefficiencies that typically plague these zones. By focusing on the knowledge problems that government administrators must overcome if they are to design and manage successful EPZs, and highlighting their inevitable difficulties in overcoming these knowledge problems, this paper offers a more fundamental and compelling explanation of the poor performance of Indian EPZs than is traditionally advanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the relative shares of public and private health expenditures impact income inequality. We study a two period overlapping generation's growth model in which longevity is determined by both private and public health expenditure and human capital is the engine of growth. Increased investment in health, reduces mortality, raises return to education and affects income inequality. In such a framework we show that the cross-section earnings inequality is non-decreasing in the private share of health expenditure. We test this prediction empirically using a variable that proxies for the relative intensity of investments (private versus public) using vaccination data from the National Sample Survey Organization for 76 regions in India in the year 1986-87. We link this with region-specific expenditure inequality data for the period 1987-2012. Our empirical findings, though focused on a specific health investment (vaccines), suggest that an increase in the share of the privately provided health care results in higher inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper explores macroeconomic policies that can sustain structural change in China and India. A two-sector open-economy model with endogenous productivity growth, demand driven output and income distribution as an important determinant of economic activity is calibrated to a 2000 SAM for China and a 1999/2000 SAM for India. Short-run analysis concerns temporary equilibria for output, productivity and employment growth rates in the formal sector. In the long-run, the model allows for multiple equilibria which can describe cases of (a) underdevelopment and structural heterogeneity or (b) sustained growth and development. Several simulation exercises are conducted. Specifically, we consider how changes in investment, wages, labor productivity trend and a depreciation of currency affect the macroeconomy and job creation in the formal sector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Given the growing concern, particularly in the EMU area that excessively low inflation threshold may hurt economic growth, the objective of this study is to examine whether a developing countries perspective is different. The empirical analysis is done using the annual data from India for the period of 1971–1998. A specific question that is addressed in this paper is what is the threshold inflation rate for India. The findings clearly suggest that the increase in inflation from any level has negative effect on economic growth and substantial gains can be obtained by focusing the monetary policy towards maintaining price stability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Analytical accounts of South Asian economic history often suggest that the principal effects of nineteenth century globalisation on the region were deindustrialisation and agrarian expansion, and that deindustrialisation contributed to an increase in poverty despite agricultural growth. Available wage datasets show that artisans did relatively well and rural workers relatively worse in the period in question, suggesting that poverty did increase but deindustrialisation was an unlikely cause. I discuss the wage statistics to show this, and propose that, in order to complete the globalisation story, we need to consider three local factors: limits to deindustrialisation, limits to labour mobility, and limits to agrarian expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]