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Copyright of Journal of Health & Nursing Management / Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi is the property of Logos Medical Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Glioma grading is a critical procedure for selecting the most effective treatment policy. Biopsy result is the gold standard method for glioma grading, but inherent sampling errors in the biopsy procedure could lead to tumor misclassification. Aim: This study evaluated grading performances of a more comprehensive collection of the physiological indices quantified using an optimized dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) paradigm for glioma grading. Methods: Thirty-five patients with glioma underwent DCE-MR imaging to evaluate the grading performances of DCE-MRI-derived physiological indices. The statistical differences in the physiological indices between the different grades of gliomas were studied, and the grading performances of these parameters were evaluated using the leave-one-out cross-validation method. Results: There were significant statistical differences in DCE-MRI-derived physiological indices between the different grades of gliomas. The mean rCBVs for grade II (low-grade glioma, LGG), grade III, grade IV, and high-grade (HGG) gliomas were 2.03 ± 0.78, 3.61 ± 1.64, 7.14 ± 3.19, and 5.28 ± 3.02, respectively. The mean rCBFs of 1.94 ± 0.97, 2.67 ± 0.96, 4.57 ± 1.77, and 3.57 ± 1.68 were, respectively, quantified for grade II (LGG), grade III, grade IV, and high-grade gliomas. The leave-one-out cross-validation method indicates that the grades of glioma tumors could be determined based on a specific threshold for each physiological index; for example, the optimal cutoff values for rCBF, rCBV, Ktrans, Kep, and Vp indices to distinguish between HGGs and LGGs were 2.11, 2.80, 0.025 mL/g min, 0.29 min−1, and 0.065 mL/g, respectively. Conclusions: From the results, it could be concluded that glioma grades could be determined using DCE-MRI-derived physiological indices with an acceptable agreement with histopathological results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objectives: The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) helps triage primary care patients at risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Improving FIT returns has received recent attention, however uncertainty exists regarding the accurate completion of samples provided for laboratory analysis. This study aims to identify the rejection rate of returned FIT samples and determine rejection causes. Methods: FIT samples from symptomatic patients within South Yorkshire, Bassetlaw, and North Derbyshire are processed at a central laboratory. Tests requests are made from 225 GP practices, which serve an estimated 2 million population. This study describes a retrospective review of FIT samples received in the central laboratory between 01/09/19 and 31/12/22. Locally held data was interrogated in March 2023 to determine the number of FIT samples received and rejected during the study period. Documented reasons for rejection were explored to identify common themes. Results: Total FIT specimens received during the study period was 126 422. Of these, 5190 (4.1%) were rejected. Monthly rejection rates fell from 17.4% in September 2019 to 1.3% in December 2022 (P <.001). Sampling errors were the most frequent cause for FIT rejection (2151/5190), with other causes including: expired specimen; no sample collection date/ time, no request form, incomplete patient information and illegible handwriting. Conclusions: This is the first study exploring FIT rejection rates in symptomatic primary care patients, which shows improvements in rejection rates over time. Targeted interventions could improve rejection rates further, thereby reducing NHS resource use and costs and diagnostic delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study was conducted to determine the extent of observation of patients' privacy by physicians and nurses and its relationship with patient satisfaction. This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 600 patients selected by convenience sampling. Based on the patients' points of view, the level of observation of patients' privacy and its dimensions, especially the psychosocial dimension, were reported to be higher in nurses than in physicians. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a direct and significant relationship between the observation of privacy by the nurses and physicians and different dimensions of patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidality and their correlated factors among high school students in Jordan. A descriptive cross-sectional correlational research design was used. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires completed by students attending high schools in Jordan. Data show that anxiety and depression are prevalent among adolescents and are associated with higher risk of suicide and disease prevalence. Twenty-seven percent of the variance in suicidality is explained by anxiety and depression. This finding indicates that the most significant predictor of suicidality is anxiety and depression among high school students. Results show that mental health issues are a genuine general health issue among high school students. Health care professionals should routinely screen for mental health problems among young people. Mental health and well-being advancement programs should be coordinated and directed by all parties involved in youth mental health. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(8), 43–51.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of ethical leadership on job satisfaction, affective commitment and burnout of health care employees, considering frustration tolerance and emotional stability as moderating variables. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire was used to survey health care professionals working in private and public Austrian health-care organizations (hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers and sanatoriums). The questionnaire consisted of items from well-established scales. The collected data (n = 458) was analyzed using correlation and regression analyzes. Findings: Findings indicated that ethical leadership is significantly positively related to job satisfaction (r = 0.485, p < 0.01) and affective commitment (r = 0.461, p < 0.01) and is significantly negatively related to burnout (r = −0.347, p < 0.01). The results also suggest that frustration tolerance (ß = 0.101, p < 0.1) and emotional stability (ß = 0.093, p < 0.1) moderate the relationship between ethical leadership and burnout. Furthermore, a moderation effect of emotional stability in the ethical leadership and affective commitment relation was indicated. No moderation effect was found for frustration tolerance or emotional stability for the relationship between ethical leadership and job satisfaction. Practical implications: Ethical leadership emphasizes the socio-emotional dimension in a leader-employee relationship, which can easily be neglected in times of staff cuts and work overload. Leadership training should include the development of skills in how to visibly act as a moral person, as well as how to set clear ethical standards and communicate them to employees. Originality/value: This study adds value to the limited evidence on the beneficial role of ethical leadership in health care settings. In addition, frustration tolerance and emotional stability have not before been investigated as moderators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Orthorexia Nervosa is a new eating disorder and is known as an excessive control of quality of the eaten foods. During postpartum period, related to the physiological and medical changes, it was stated that most of the women have concerns about their body image and therefore they have tendency to change their lifestyle, and it can lead mothers to Orthorexia Nervosa. The aim of this study was to assess the Orthorexia Nervosa tendencies of postpartum women and investigate the related factors. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out among postpartum women between 1st December 2018-1st February 2019. We contacted with the women via e-mails through a social media group special for postpartum women which had 10.350 members at the time of study. The minimum sample size for universe was estimated as 370 women, assuming 95% confidence interval and 5% sampling error. The questionnaire consists of two parts: the general features of participants and the ORTO-11 questionnaire. Results: The mean ORTO-11 scale score of all participants (N=511) was 22.68±4.09 (min=12; max=35) and had statistically significant relationship with age, working status, vocation, family style, the understanding of being healthy, physical activity, diet status and the order of nutrition status. According to cut-off point, 87.7 % (n=426) of the participants were found to be at risk of developing Orthorexia Nervosa. Conclusions: The tendency toward Orthorexia Nervosa was greater among mothers in postpartum period. Also the mothers who change their eating habits and change the physical activity status after delivery had higher ON tendency than others. So the postpartum period is very important to follow up the mothers about ON and such eating disorders because of the changing lifestyle habits. Family physicians have a critical role in this regard with their preventive medicine qualifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops a theoretical model for the costs of an exam as a function of its duration. Two kind of costs are distinguished: (1) the costs of measurement errors and (2) the costs of the measurement. Both costs are expressed in time of the student. Based on a classical test theory model, enriched with assumptions on the context, the costs of the exam can be expressed as a function of various parameters, including the duration of the exam. It is shown that these costs can be minimized in time. Applied in a real example with reliability.80, the outcome is that the optimal exam time would be much shorter and would have reliability.675. The consequences of the model are investigated and discussed. One of the consequences is that optimal exam duration depends on the study load of the course, all other things being equal. It is argued that it is worthwhile to investigate empirically how much time students spend on preparing for resits. Six variants of the model are distinguished, which differ in their weights of the errors and in the way grades affect how much time students study for the resit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Health system responsiveness is a complicated issue that guides researchers in determining an efficient methodology to enhance the understanding of health care systems' perspectives. This study examined the relationship between patients' experience profiles and their satisfaction with medical outcomes. Design: The authors used 11 items from the Taiwanese Annual National Health Insurance survey and used latent class analysis (LCA) to develop experience profiles for 2012 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) patients. A logistic regression model was developed to explore differences in patients' satisfaction with their treatment outcome across four groups identified using the LCA, with adjustment for demographic factors. Subjects: Patients' experiences with medical services in TCM in 2015. Outcome measures: Patients' satisfaction with their treatment outcome. Results: Participants (N = 2012) were divided into four groups. Regardless of gender and age, Group 2 (nall) held the lowest satisfaction with treatment outcome relative to those reported by the other three groups (odds ratios with p-value: Group 1 [pall]: 7.40, Group 3 [nComm]: 1.37, Group 4 [Skip]: 2.20, p < 0.001). Respondents with a more favorable patient experience reported higher satisfaction with treatment outcome. Conclusions: An increased favorable treatment experience in TCM (such as positive accessibility and better interpersonal relationships with providers) is associated with higher satisfaction with treatment outcome. The World Health Organization emphasizes that traditional medicine integrated with Western medicine can play an important role in achieving the goal of "Health for All." Health authorities should develop strategies aimed at enhancing patients' experiences in TCM to contribute to a positive care process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The p-value is often misunderstood and, for example, misinterpreted as a probability for the correctness of the null hypothesis. The aim of this article is to first explain the definition of the p-value. Determining the p-value requires knowledge of a probability function. Howan appropriate statistical model is selected and how the p-value is determined usingthis model, the null hypothesis and the empirical data is explained using the t-distribution. When interpreting the p-value obtained in this way, two incompatible statistical schools of thought are confronted: the orthodox Neyman-Pearson hypothesis test, which amounts to a decision between the null hypothesis and a complementary alternative hypothesis, and Fisher's significance test, in which no alternative hypothesis is formulated and in which the smaller the p-value, the greater the evidence against the null hypothesis. The amount ends with some critical remarks about the handling of p-values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The promotion of a positive birth experience has been a main goal of the World Health Organization's (WHO) recent work on improving maternity care. The purpose of this study was to assess the cesarean rates, the prevalence of birth practices, perinatal outcomes, and maternal satisfaction, in women involved with the respectful maternity care (RMC) support groups in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study of women with low‐risk pregnancies who were assisted by professionals recommended by the RMC groups. An online questionnaire was administered. Variables to assess birth practices were classified as positive, negative, or unspecified according to the WHO guidelines. The Pearson chi‐square tests and odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to assess differences between the groups. Results: Five‐hundred and eighty women completed the questionnaire. The cesarean rate was 14.7%, and the operative vaginal birth rate was 9.5%. The VBAC rate was 87.1%, and there was no significant difference in risk for cesarean between women with or without a prior cesarean. Of all women, 83.1% had a midwife's assistance and 75.5% hired a doula; 81.4% gave birth in a nonlithotomic position. The practices of enema, fasting and episiotomy were all under 2%. All 5‐minute Apgar scores were ≥7. Most (83.1%) women reported having a positive birth experience. Conclusions: Woman's engagement with the birth support groups and a transdisciplinary team focused on RMC are key elements to achieve positive perinatal outcomes and high women's satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the role of using Hypothesis tests. Topics discussed Hypothesis tests used in statistics to assess a difference between two samples; highlights hypothesis tests that describes the effects of drugs, the comparison of the heights of two groups, and the methods to estimate population parameters; and mentions the null hypothesis.

This pilot study was conducted using a sample of 374 Portuguese occupational therapists to evaluate burnout levels and prevalence among occupational therapists as well as to relate those levels to practitioner age, gender, client age, years of professional activity, and area of practice. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory questionnaire (Portuguese version) and a sociodemographic questionnaire was used. Results showed that ∼23%, 44%, and 45% of occupational therapists presented with client-related burnout, personal burnout (PB), and work-related burnout, respectively. Higher rates of burnout were observed across all dimensions as the age of the professionals increased, with more years of working increased the client-rated rate, and client age increased the PB rate. Outcomes suggest a need to implement intervention programs to promote personal and organizational strategies to prevent burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extracellular volume fraction (ECV) is altered in pathological cardiac remodeling and predicts death and arrhythmia. ECV can be quantified using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping but calculation requires a measured hematocrit (Hct). The longitudinal relaxation of blood has been used in adults to generate a synthetic Hct (estimate of true Hct) but has not been validated in pediatric populations. Methods: One hundred fourteen children and young adults underwent a total of 163 CMRs with T1 mapping. The majority of subjects had a measured Hct the same day (N = 146). Native and post-contrast T1 were determined in blood pool, septum, and free wall of mid-LV, avoiding areas of late gadolinium enhancement. Synthetic Hct and ECV were calculated and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and linear regression were used to compare measured and synthetic values. Results: The mean age was 16.4 ± 6.4 years and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 59% ± 9%. The mean measured Hct was 41.8 ± 3.0% compared to the mean synthetic Hct of 43.2% ± 2.9% (p < 0.001, ICC 0.46 [0.27, 0.52]) with the previously published model and 41.8% ± 1.4% (p < 0.001, ICC 0.28 [0.13, 0.42]) with the locally-derived model. Mean measured mid-free wall ECV was 30.5% ± 4.8% and mean synthetic mid-free wall ECV of local model was 29. 7% ± 4.6% (p < 0.001, ICC 0.93 [0.91, 0.95]). Correlations were not affected by heart rate and did not significantly differ in subpopulation analysis. While the ICC was strong, differences between measured and synthetic ECV ranged from -8. 4% to 4.3% in the septum and -12.6% to 15.8% in the free wall. Using our laboratory's normal cut-off of 28.5%, 59 patients (37%) were miscategorized (53 false negatives, 6 false positives) with published model ECV. The local model had 37 miscategorizations (20 false negatives, 17 false positives), significantly fewer but still a substantial number (23%). Conclusions: Our data suggest that use of synthetic Hct for the calculation of ECV results in miscategorization of individual patients. This difference may be less significant once synthetic ECV is calculated and averaged over a large research cohort, making it potentially useful as a research tool. However, we recommend formal measurement of Hct in children and young adults for clinical CMRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to determine the sample size, in terms of number of plants, needed to estimate the average values of productive traits of the pigeon pea and to determine whether the sample size needed varies between traits and between crop years. Separate uniformity trials were conducted in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. In each trial, 360 plants were demarcated, and the fresh and dry masses of roots, stems, and leaves and of shoots and the total plant were evaluated during blossoming for 10 productive traits. Descriptive statistics were calculated, normality and randomness were checked, and the sample size was calculated. There was variability in the sample size between the productive traits and crop years of the pigeon pea culture. To estimate the averages of the productive traits with a 20% maximum estimation error and 95% confidence level, 70 plants are sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:The use of the borderline regression method (BRM) is a widely accepted standard setting method for OSCEs. However, it is unclear whether this method is appropriate for use with small cohorts (e.g. specialist post-graduate examinations). Aims and methods:This work uses an innovative application of resampling methods applied to four pre-existing OSCE data sets (number of stations between 17 and 21) from two institutions to investigate how the robustness of the BRM changes as the cohort size varies. Using a variety of metrics, the ‘quality’ of an OSCE is evaluated for cohorts of approximatelyn = 300 down ton = 15. Estimates of the standard error in station-level and overall pass marks,R2coefficient, and Cronbach’s alpha are all calculated as cohort size varies. Results and conclusion: For larger cohorts (n > 200), the standard error in the overall pass mark is small (less than 0.5%), and for individual stations is of the order of 1–2%. These errors grow as the sample size reduces, with cohorts of less than 50 candidates showing unacceptably large standard error. Alpha andR2also become unstable for small cohorts. The resampling methodology is shown to be robust and has the potential to be more widely applied in standard setting and medical assessment quality assurance and research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]