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A multipath error is one of the main sources of GNSS positioning errors. It cannot be eliminated by forming double-difference and other methods, and it has become an issue in GNSS positioning error processing, because it is mainly related to the surrounding environment of the station. To address multipath errors, three main mitigation strategies are employed: site selection, hardware enhancements, and data processing. Among these, data processing methods have been a focal point of research due to their cost-effectiveness, impressive performance, and widespread applicability. This paper focuses on the review of data processing mitigation methods for GNSS carrier-phase multipath errors. The paper begins by elucidating the origins and mitigation strategies of multipath errors. Subsequently, it reviews the current research status pertaining to data processing methods using stochastic and functional models to counter multipath errors. The paper also provides an overview of filtering techniques for extracting multipath error models from coordinate sequences or observations. Additionally, it introduces the evolution and algorithmic workflow of sidereal filtering (SF) and multipath hemispherical mapping (MHM), from both coordinate and observation domain perspectives. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the practical significance and research relevance of multipath error processing. It concludes by delineating future research directions in the realm of multipath error mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy and integrity of structural deformation monitoring can be improved by the GNSS/accelerometer integrated system, and gross error detection is the key to further improving the reliability of GNSS/accelerometer monitoring. Traditional gross error detection methods assume that real-state information is known, and they need to establish state iterators, which leads to low computational efficiency. Meanwhile, in multi-sensor fusion, if the sampling rates are different, the change in the dimension of the observation matrix must be considered, and the calculation is complex. Based on state-domain consistency theory, this paper proposes the State-domain Robust Autonomous Integrity Monitoring by Extrapolation (SRAIME) method for identifying slow-growing gross errors for GNSS/accelerometer integrated deformation monitoring. Compared with the traditional gross error detection method, the proposed method constructs state test statistics based on the state estimated value and the state predicted value, and it directly performs gross error identification in the state domain. This paper deduces the feasibility of the proposed method theoretically and verifies that the proposed method does not need to consider the dimension change of the observation matrix in gross error detection. Meanwhile, in the excitation deformation experiments of the Suntuan River Bridge in Anhui and the Wilford Bridge in the United Kingdom, the slow gradient of the slope was added to the measurement domain, and the traditional AIME method and the method proposed in this paper were adopted for the gross error identification of the GNSS/accelerometer fusion process. The results demonstrate that both methods can effectively detect gross errors, but the proposed method does not need to consider the dimensional change in the observation matrix during the fusion process, which has better applicability to GNSS/accelerometer integrated deformation monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) service area covers the Asia-Pacific region and there are four quasi-zenith satellites (QZS) in orbit with three QZS in operation until March 2018. The QZSS is not required to work in a stand-alone mode, but the system can be used to enhance the Global Positioning System (GPS) or Beidou Satellite Navigation System (BDS). The availability, position dilution of precision (PDOP), ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP), and success rate of GPS/QZSS and BDS/QZSS under different cut-off elevation angles were compared based on a simulation. Two sets of actual QZSS data were processed and analyzed for single-frequency single-epoch (SFSE) positioning together with GPS/BDS data in this paper. Different combination forms were executed to evaluate the positioning performance of GPS/QZSS and BDS/QZSS for two baseline cases. The results indicate that QZSS is able to increase the SFSE PDOP, ADOP, and success rate of the baseline resolution and decrease the position error for GPS or BDS, especially for longer GPS baseline data. The more QZS are used, the better the enhancement effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]