438 results
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2. Paper chromatography of quaternary ammonium bases and related compounds.
- Author
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BREGOFF HM, ROBERTS E, and DELWICHE CC
- Subjects
- Ammonium Compounds, Chromatography, Chromatography, Paper, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
- Published
- 1953
3. Preparation of a Crosslinking Cassava Starch Adhesive and its Application in Coating Paper.
- Author
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Songlin Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Fushan Chen, and Zhiqiang Pang
- Subjects
- *
CASSAVA starch , *PAPER coatings , *PARTICLE size distribution , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *AMYLASES , *AMMONIUM compounds , *TEMPERATURE effect - Abstract
A new starch-based adhesive with high solid content, high binding force, and low viscosity was prepared via hydrolysis of cassava starch with α-amylase using glycerol as a plasticizer and Ammonium Zirconium Carbonate (AZC) as a crosslinker. The adhesive was applied to coated paper as a partial substitute for SBR latex. The effects of α-amylase, glycerol, AZC, and temperature on the starch adhesive and its performance in application were investigated. The prepared crosslinking cassava starch adhesive showed a significant effect when the starch slurry concentration was 50% (w/w), the dosages of glycerol and α-amylase were 15% and 0.075%, respectively, and the enzymolysis starch was crosslinked with 12% AZC at 50 °C. The modified starch improved the paper in terms of surface strength, gloss, whiteness, and smoothness when 20% SBR latex was substituted into the coating formulation. Statistical analysis indicated that the crosslinking temperature and AZC had significant effects on the performance of the paper, while glycerin and α-amylase had little effect on it. Spectral analysis of the product showed that the crosslinking reaction took place between AZC and cassava starch. The average particle size was 528.6 nm. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the paper surface were consistent with the other measured surface properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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4. Development of Rice Straw-derived Biochar-Bentonite Composite and its Application for in situ Sequestration of Ammonium and Phosphate Ions in the Degraded Mine Soil.
- Author
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Medha I, Chandra S, Bhattacharya J, Samal B, and Vanapalli KR
- Subjects
- Humans, Bentonite, Soil, Phosphates, Charcoal, Ammonium Compounds, Oryza
- Abstract
Nutrient pollution has a diverse impact on the environment and human health. The presence of nutrients, such as ammonium and phosphate, is ubiquitous in the environment due to their extensive use in agricultural land and leaching through non-point sources. In this context, biochar-based composites could play an essential role in improving the soil's nutrient retention capacity. The present study aims to develop bentonite-biochar composites (BNT@BC 400 and 600) and utilize them as an ameliorating material in the coal mine degraded soil to reduce the leaching of ammonium and phosphate ions. The bentonite-biochar composite (BNT@BC 400 and 600) was synthesized using the pristine rice straw-derived biochar using the solvothermal method. The biochar was produced at two different pyrolytic temperatures, 400 °C and 600 °C, and denoted as BC 400 and 600, respectively. Hence, the bentonite-biochar composite was denoted as BNT@BC 400 and 600. The BNT@BC 400 and 600 were characterized using the elemental, proximate, SEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis. Subsequently, the BNT@BC composites were evaluated for the adsorptive removal of NH
4 + and PO4 3- ions using batch adsorption and column leaching studies. In the soil columns, the BNT@BC 400 and 600 were mixed with the soil at two different application rates, viz. 1 and 2.5% (w/w). The leaching characteristics data were fitted using three different fixed-bed models to predict the maximum adsorption capacity of the amended soil columns and the dominant mechanism of adsorption. Results indicated that the BNT@BC 600 showed the maximum adsorption capacity of 33.77 and 64.23 mg g-1 for the adsorption of NH4 + and PO4 3- ions, respectively. The dominant adsorption mechanisms in the aqueous solution were the electrostatic attraction, complexation, ion exchange, and precipitation processes. In the soil columns, the sorption of NH4 + and PO4 3- ions was governed by diffusive mass transfer and electrostatic interaction. Findings of the study indicated that incorporating the BNT@BC composite in the soil can significantly reduce the leaching of the NH4 + and PO4 3- ions and increase the overall soil fertility., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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5. Impact of a dam construction on the intertidal environment and free-living nematodes in the Ba Lai, Mekong Estuaries, Vietnam.
- Author
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Quang NX, Yen NTM, Thai TT, Yen NTH, Van Dong N, Hoai PN, Lins L, Vanreusel A, Veettil BK, Hiep ND, Bang HQ, Quan NH, and Prozorova L
- Subjects
- Animals, Estuaries, Environmental Monitoring, Nitrates, Vietnam, Escherichia coli, Phosphorus analysis, Nitrogen analysis, Carbon, Methane, Oxygen, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Hydrogen Sulfide, Nematoda, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
The impact of high siltation and accumulation of organic and waste material in the intertidal of the dammed Ba Lai River in Vietnam as part of the Mekong estuarine system was investigated by means of marine free-living nematodes. Nutrients content (nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorus, total nitrogen), total suspended solids, total organic carbon, coliform, bacteria E. coli, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, methane and hydrogen sulfide concentration, and the nematode communities were characterized in sediment at selected stations along the river above and below the dam. Our results found elevated methane concentrations at the upstream side of the dam while hydrogen sulfide concentrations found to be highest in the downstream side of the dam. Furthermore, methane and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were correlated to nematode community characteristics such as trophic composition densities and genera composition. There was a clear difference between the communities above and below the dam. The discontinuous nematode community distribution indicated that the Ba Lai River is impacted by dam construction. Potentially the high deposition and eutrophication could turn the area into a methane-rich area related to predicted impact on nematodes., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
- Published
- 2022
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6. Rapid enrichment of AnAOB with a novel vermiculite/tourmaline modification technology for enhanced DEAMOX process.
- Author
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Zhou Q, Gao D, Xu A, Gong X, Cao J, Gong F, Liu Z, Yang T, and Liang H
- Subjects
- Bacteria metabolism, Nitrogen chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Ammonia chemistry, Nitrates, Denitrification, Biofilms, Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Aluminum Silicates chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction
- Abstract
The DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation (DEAMOX) has been proven to be a promising process treating contaminated surface water containing ammonia and nitrate, while the enrichment of the slow-growing anammox bacteria (AnAOB) remains a challenge. In this study, a novel polyurethane-adhesion vermiculite/tourmaline (VTP) modified carrier was developed to achieve effective enrichment of AnAOB. The results demonstrated that the VTP-1 (vermiculite: tourmaline = 1:1) system exhibited the greatest performance with the total nitrogen removal efficiency reaching 87.6% and anammox contributing 63% to nitrogen removal. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed the superior biofilm structure of the VTP-1 carrier, providing attachment for AnAOB. The addition of VTP-1 promoted the secretion of EPS (extracellular polymeric substances) by microorganisms, which increased to 85.34 mg/g VSS, contributing to the aggregation of anammox cells. The favorable substrate microenvironment created by NH
4 + adsorption and NO2 - supply via partial denitrification process facilitated the growth of AnAOB. The relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia and Thauera increased from 0.04% to 0.3%-1.03% and 2.06% in the VTP-1 system, respectively. This study sheds new light on the anammox biofilm formation and provides a valid approach to initiate the DEAMOX process for low nitrogen polluted water treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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7. Recovery strategies and mechanisms of anammox reaction following inhibition by environmental factors: A review.
- Author
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Wang S, Tian Y, Bi Y, Meng F, Qiu C, Yu J, Liu L, and Zhao Y
- Subjects
- Anaerobiosis, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Wastewater chemistry, Bioreactors microbiology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Nitrogen metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising biological method for treating nitrogen-rich, low-carbon wastewater. However, the application of anammox technology in actual engineering is easily limited by environmental factors. Considerable progress has been investigated in recent years in anammox restoration strategies, significantly addressing the challenge of poor reaction performance following inhibition. This review systematically outlines the strategies employed to recover anammox performance following inhibition by conventional environmental factors and emerging pollutants. Additionally, comprehensive summaries of strategies aimed at promoting anammox activity and enhancing nitrogen removal performance provide valuable insights into the current research landscape in this field. The review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of restoration strategies of anammox-based technologies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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8. Microbial nitrogen removal in reef-building corals: A light-sensitive process.
- Author
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Yang Q, Ling J, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Wei Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Dong J, and Qian P
- Subjects
- Animals, Oxidation-Reduction, Light, Nitrogen Cycle, Anaerobiosis, Bacteria metabolism, Ecosystem, Anthozoa metabolism, Coral Reefs, Nitrogen metabolism, Denitrification, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
Scleractinian corals are the main framework-building groups in tropical coral reefs. In the coral holobiont, nitrogen-cycling mediated by microbes is fundamental for sustaining the coral reef ecosystems. However, little direct evidence characterizing the activities of microbial nitrogen removal via complete denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in stony corals has been presented. In this study, multiple incubation experiments using
15 N-tracer were conducted to identify and characterize N2 production by denitrification and anammox in the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. The rates of denitrification and anammox were recorded up to 0.765 ± 0.162 and 0.078 ± 0.009 nmol N2 cm-2 h-1 respectively. Denitrification contributed the majority (∼90%) of N2 production by microbial nitrogen removal in stony corals. The microbial nitrogen removal activities showed diel rhythms, which might correspond to photosynthetic oxygen production. The N2 production rates of anammox and denitrification increased with incubation time. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to confirm and characterize the activities of complete denitrification and anammox in stony corals via stable isotope techniques. This study extends the understanding on nitrogen-cycling in coral reefs and how it participates in corals' resilience to environmental stressors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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9. Assessment of two non-invasive techniques for measuring turbulent benthic fluxes in a shallow lake.
- Author
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Breton F, Souza GC, Lorke A, Dubois P, Jodeau M, Moilleron R, Vinçon-Leite B, Jan J, Borovec J, and Lemaire BJ
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Hydrodynamics, Iron analysis, Manganese analysis, Phosphates analysis, Eutrophication, Lakes chemistry, Environmental Monitoring methods, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Ammonium Compounds analysis
- Abstract
Benthic fluxes refer to the exchange rates of nutrients and other compounds between the water column and the sediment bed in aquatic ecosystems. Their quantification contributes to our understanding of aquatic ecosystem functioning. Near-bed hydrodynamics plays an important role at the sediment-water interface, especially in shallow lakes, but it is poorly considered by traditional measuring techniques of flux quantification, such as sediment incubations. Thus, alternative sampling techniques are needed to characterize key benthic fluxes under in-situ hydrodynamic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two promising methods: relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) and mass transfer coefficient (MTC). We applied them in a hyper-eutrophic shallow lake to measure the fluxes of ammonium, phosphate, iron, and manganese ions. For the first time, REA revealed hourly nutrient flux variations, indicating a strong lake biogeochemical dynamics at short time-scales. Daily average fluxes are of similar orders of magnitude for REA and MTC for ammonium (24 and 42 mmol m
2 d-1 ), manganese (1.0 and 0.8), and iron (0.8 and 0.7) ions. They are one order of magnitude higher than fluxes estimated from sediment incubations, due to the difficulty in reproducing in-situ oxygen and hydrodynamic conditions in the laboratory. Although the accuracy of both techniques needs to be improved, the results revealed their potential: REA follows the short-term biogeochemical dynamics of sediments, while MTC could be widely used for lake monitoring because of its simpler implementation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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10. Feammox bacterial biofilm formation in HFMB.
- Author
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Cerda Á, Rodríguez C, González M, González H, Serrano J, and Leiva E
- Subjects
- Iron metabolism, Anaerobiosis, Biofilms growth & development, Bioreactors microbiology, Bacteria metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
Nitrogen pollution has been increasing with the development of industrialization. Consequently, the excessive deposition of reactive nitrogen in the environment has generated the loss of biodiversity and eutrophication of different ecosystems. In 2005, a Feammox process was discovered that anaerobically metabolizes ammonium. Feammox with the use of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors (HFMB), based on the formation of biofilms of bacterial communities, has emerged as a possible efficient and sustainable method for ammonium removal in environments with high iron concentrations. This work sought to study the possibility of implementing, at laboratory scale, an efficient method by evaluating the use of HFMB. Samples from an internal circulation reactor (IC) incubated in culture media for Feammox bacteria. The cultures were enriched in a batch reactor to evaluate growth conditions. Next, HFMB assembly was performed, and Feammox parameters were monitored. Also, conventional PCR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed to characterize the bacterial communities associated with biofilm formation. The use of sodium acetate presented the best performance for Feammox activity. The HFMB operation showed an ammonium (NH
4 + ) removal of 50%. SEM analysis of the fibers illustrated the formation of biofilm networks formed by bacteria, which were identified as Albidiferax ferrireducens, Geobacter spp, Ferrovum myxofaciens, Shewanella spp., and Anammox. Functional genes Archaea/Bacteria ammonia monooxygenase, nrxA, hzsB, nirS and nosZ were also identified. The implementation of HFMB Feammox could be used as a sustainable tool for the removal of ammonium from wastewater produced because of anthropogenic activities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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11. Ammonium addition reduces phosphorus leaching in a long-term mineral or organic fertilized calcareous soil during flooding conditions.
- Author
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Wei L, Zhou Y, Yin G, Cui J, Yin J, Liu R, Chen Q, and Zhang S
- Subjects
- Minerals chemistry, Agriculture, Phosphorus chemistry, Soil chemistry, Fertilizers analysis, Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Floods
- Abstract
Organic amendment substitutes mineral fertilizers has been proven to increase the organic matter content of soils, which in turn may induce phosphorus (P) mobilization by triggering the redox reaction. However, under flooded conditions according to local agricultural practices, as one of the factors restricting the decomposition of organic matter, the role ammonium plays in P transformation and leaching from soils with different organic matter remains unclear. To address the knowledge gap, the calcareous soils were collected from a long-term field trial (>13 years) containing two treatments with equal P inputs: a long-term mineral fertilization and a long-term organic amendment. Both long-term mineral fertilized soil and long-term organic amended soil were split into ammonium applications or no ammonium applications. A series of column devices were deployed to create flooded conditions and monitor the P leaching from the collected soils. The K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure and sequential extraction method were employed jointly to detect soil P fractions and speciation, and the P sorption/desorption characteristics of soil were evaluated by Langmuir fitting. The results showed a reduction of cumulative leached P from soils by 33.2%-43.3% after ammonium addition, regardless of previous long-term mineral fertilization or organic amendment history. A significant enhancement of soil labile P pool (indicated by the H
2 O-P fraction and NaHCO3 -P fraction) after ammonium addition results in the reduction in soil P leaching. The reduced P sorption capacity coupled with the transformation from hydroxyapatite to β-tricalcium phosphate indicated that the phosphate retention is attributed to the precipitation formation rather than phosphate sorption by soil. The present study highlights that the ammonium addition could affect the phosphate precipitation transformation. This may be attributed to the effect of ammonium addition on the calcium and magnesium ion content and molar ratio in this soil, thereby regulating the form of soil phosphate precipitation. The mechanisms revealed in this study can support developing optimized agricultural management practices to alleviate soil P loss., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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12. Novel and innovative approaches to partial denitrification coupled with anammox: A critical review.
- Author
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Eng Nkonogumo PL, Zhu Z, Emmanuel N, Zhang X, Zhou L, and Wu P
- Subjects
- Anaerobiosis, Bioreactors microbiology, Nitrites metabolism, Denitrification, Oxidation-Reduction, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Nitrates metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Sewage microbiology, Wastewater chemistry
- Abstract
The partial denitrification (PD) coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) (PD/A) process is a unique biological denitrification method for sewage that concurrently removes nitrate (NO
3 - -N) and ammonium (NH4 -N) in the Anammox process. This paper provided valuable insight by introduced the basic principles and characteristics of the process and then summarized the strengthening strategies. The functional microorganisms and microbial competition have been discussed in details, the S-dependent denitrification-anammox has been analyzed in this review paper. Important factors affecting the PD/A process were examined from different aspects, and finally, the paper pointed out the shortcomings of the coupling process in experimental research and engineering applications. Thus, this research provided insightful information for the PD/A process's optimization technique in later treating many types of real and nitrate-based wastewater. The review paper also provided the prospective economic and environmental position for the actual design implementation of the PD/A process in the years to come.+ -N) in sewage. Comparing PD/A to conventional nitrification and denitrification technologies, noticeable improvements are shown in energy consumption, carbon source demand, sludge generation and emissions of greenhouse gasses. The PD is vital to obtaining nitrites (NO2 - -N) in the Anammox process. This paper provided valuable insight by introduced the basic principles and characteristics of the process and then summarized the strengthening strategies. The functional microorganisms and microbial competition have been discussed in details, the S-dependent denitrification-anammox has been analyzed in this review paper. Important factors affecting the PD/A process were examined from different aspects, and finally, the paper pointed out the shortcomings of the coupling process in experimental research and engineering applications. Thus, this research provided insightful information for the PD/A process's optimization technique in later treating many types of real and nitrate-based wastewater. The review paper also provided the prospective economic and environmental position for the actual design implementation of the PD/A process in the years to come., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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13. Effect of calcium and phosphorus on ammonium and nitrate nitrogen adsorption onto iron (hydr)oxides surfaces: CD-MUSIC model and DFT computation.
- Author
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Jia M, Ma J, Zhou Q, Liu L, Jie X, Liu H, Qin S, Li C, Sui F, Fu H, Xie H, Wang L, and Zhao P
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Ferric Compounds chemistry, Models, Chemical, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Calcium chemistry, Nitrogen chemistry, Phosphorus chemistry, Nitrates chemistry, Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Density Functional Theory
- Abstract
Calcium (Ca
2+ ) and phosphorous (PO4 3- ) significantly influence the form and effectiveness of nitrogen (N), however, the precise mechanisms governing the adsorption of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 + -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - -N) are still lacking. This study employed batch adsorption experiments, charge distribution and multi-site complexation (CD-MUSIC) models and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the mechanism by which Ca2+ and PO4 3- affect the adsorption of NH4 + -N and NO3 - -N on the goethite (GT) surface. The results showed that the adsorption of NH4 + -N on the GT exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease as pH increased, peaking at a pH of 8.5. Conversely, the adsorption of NO3 - -N decreased with rising pH. According to the CD-MUSIC model, Ca2+ minimally affected the NH4 + -N adsorption on the GT but enhanced NO3 - -N adsorption via electrostatic interaction, promoting the adsorption of ≡FeOH-NO3 - and ≡Fe3 O-NO3 - species. Similarly, PO4 3- inhibited the adsorption of ≡FeOH-NO3 - and ≡Fe3 O-NO3 - species. However, PO4 3- boosted NH4 + -N adsorption by facilitating the formation of ≡Fe3 O-NH4 + via electrostatic interaction and site competition. DFT calculations indicates that although bidentate phosphate (BP) was beneficial to stabilize NH4 + -N than monodentate phosphate (SP), SP-NH4 + was the main adsorption configuration at pH 5.5-9.5 owing the prevalence of SP on the GT surface under site competition of NH4 + -N. The results of CD-MUSIC model and DFT calculation were verified mutually, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying N fixation and migration in soil., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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14. Removal of PAHs, TSS, oils and fats from ammonium-rich coke wastewater by granular filtration.
- Author
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Jesús RI, Laura M, Yolanda FN, and Beatriz SP
- Subjects
- Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Fats chemistry, Fats analysis, Oils chemistry, Wastewater chemistry, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons analysis, Filtration, Coke, Ammonium Compounds analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Coke wastewater is a complex industrial wastewater due to its high content of toxic compounds such as cyanides, thiocyanates, phenols, tar, oils, and fats. After a series of treatments, wastewater with a high ammonium content is obtained (around 4,150 mg·L-1). A stripping process is used to reduce it. Certain pollutants in the influent, such as tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oils, fats and total suspended solids (TSS), interfere with stripping and therefore must be previously removed. In this study, the performance of a pilot-scale airlift sand filter was evaluated under real conditions for the reduction of the concentration of tar, PAHs, oils, fats and TSS, before stripping. Prior to the sand filter, a cationic flocculant was added to the influent (2 ppm). High (10 mm.min-1), medium (7.5 mm.min-1) and low sand speeds (1.9-2.6 mm.min-1) were assessed. The latter conditions gave the best results: a decrease of 98.2% in TSS, 99.7% in oils, fats and grease and 97.6% in PAHs. The final effluent (≤ 1.6 mg PAHs·L-1, ≤ 5 mg TSS·L-1 and ≤ 0.05 mg·L-1 of fats, oils and grease) was suitable for the stripping process., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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15. Simple ammonium salt and sigma-1 receptor ligand dipentylammonium provides neuroprotective effects in cell culture and Caenorhabditis elegans models of Alzheimer's disease.
- Author
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Prasanth MI, Verma K, Brimson S, Tencomnao T, and Brimson JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Rats, Humans, Sigma-1 Receptor, Caenorhabditis elegans, Ligands, Molecular Docking Simulation, Animals, Genetically Modified metabolism, Cell Culture Techniques, Amyloid beta-Peptides metabolism, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Ammonium Compounds, Receptors, sigma metabolism, Ethylenediamines
- Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R), a chaperone protein located at the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) of the endoplasmic reticulum, can interact with and modify the signaling pathways of various proteins, thereby modulating many disease pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The σ-1R ligand dipentylammonium (DPA) was analyzed for its anti-AD properties using PC12 cells (in vitro) and Caenorhabditis elegans (in vivo) models along with molecular docking (in silico) analysis. DPA at 1 and 10 µM concentrations was able to significantly potentiate NGF-induced neurite growth length by 137.7 ± 12.0 and 187.8 ± 16.4, respectively, when compared to the control 76.9 ± 7.4. DPA also regulated neurite damage caused by Aβ(25-35) treatment in differentiated PC12 cells by improving cell viability and neurite length. In C. elegans, DPA could significantly extend the median and maximum lifespan of Aβ transgenic strain CL2006 without impacting wild-type nematodes. Additionally, it could significantly reduce the paralysis phenotype of another Aβ transgenic strain, CL4176, thereby improving the overall health in AD pathogenesis. This effect depended on σ-1R, as DPA could not modulate the lifespan of σ-1R mutant TM3443. This was further confirmed using agonist PRE084 and antagonist BD1047, wherein the agonist alone could extend the lifespan of CL2006, while the antagonist suppressed the effect of DPA in CL2006. Interestingly, neither had an TM3443. Further, molecular docking analysis showed that DPA had a similar binding affinity as that of PRE084, BD1047 and pentazocine against the σ-1R receptor in humans and C. elegans, which collectively suggests the anti-AD properties of DPA., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
- Published
- 2024
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16. Favipiravir biotransformation by a side-stream partial nitritation sludge: Transformation mechanisms, pathways and toxicity evaluation.
- Author
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Liang C, Guo W, Ngo HH, and Peng L
- Subjects
- Ammonia toxicity, Ammonia metabolism, Rivers, Oxidation-Reduction, Nitrous Acid, Biotransformation, Antiviral Agents toxicity, Bioreactors, Nitrites, Sewage, Ammonium Compounds, Amides, Pyrazines
- Abstract
Information on biotransformation of antivirals in the side-stream partial nitritation (PN) process was limited. In this study, a side-stream PN sludge was adopted to investigate favipiravir biotransformation under controlled ammonium and pH levels. Results showed that free nitrous acid (FNA) was an important factor that inhibited ammonia oxidation and the cometabolic biodegradation of favipiravir induced by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The removal efficiency of favipiravir reached 12.6% and 35.0% within 6 days at the average FNA concentrations of 0.07 and 0.02 mg-N L
-1 , respectively. AOB-induced cometabolism was the sole contributing mechanism to favipiravir removal, excluding AOB-induced metabolism and heterotrophic bacteria-induced biodegradation. The growth of Escherichia coli was inhibited by favipiravir, while the AOB-induced cometabolism facilitated the alleviation of the antimicrobial activities with the formed transformation products. The biotransformation pathways were proposed based on the roughly identified structures of transformation products, which mainly involved hydroxylation, nitration, dehydrogenation and covalent bond breaking under enzymatic conditions. The findings would provide insights on enriching AOB abundance and enhancing AOB-induced cometabolism under FNA stress when targeting higher removal of antivirals during the side-stream wastewater treatment processes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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17. Influence of increasing anode surface area on nitrite-absent ammonium oxidation in a continuous single-chamber bio-electrochemical system.
- Author
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Kadam R, Jo S, Cha J, Yang H, Park J, and Jun HB
- Subjects
- Nitrites, Nitrogen Dioxide, Denitrification, Anaerobiosis, Bioreactors microbiology, Oxidation-Reduction, Nitrogen, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Reducing energy consumption in conventional nitrogen removal processes is a crucial and urgent requirement. This study proposes an efficient electrode-dependent bio-electrochemical anaerobic ammonium (NH
4 + -N) oxidation (BE-ANAMMOX) process, employing a carbon brush as the electron acceptor and voltage of 0.8 V. The applied voltage facilitated the removal of NH4 + -N with a maximum removal efficiency of 41% and a Coulombic efficiency of 40.92%, without the addition of nitrite (NO2 - -N). Furthermore, the NH4 + -N removal efficiency demonstrated an increase corresponding to the increase in the anodic surface area. The bio-electrochemical NH4 + -N removal achieved remarkable reductions, eliminating the need for O2 and NO2 - -N by 100%, lowering energy consumption by 67%, and reducing CO2 emissions by 66% when treating 1 kg of NH4 + -N. An analysis of the microbial community revealed an increase in nitrifiers and denitrifiers, including Exiguobacterium aestuarii, Alishewanella aestuarii, Comamonas granuli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. This intricate process involved the direct conversion of NH4 + -N to N2 by ANAMMOX bacteria through extracellular electron transfer, all without NO2 - -N. Thus, bio-electrochemical NH4 + -N removal exhibits promising potential for effective nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment facilities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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18. Modelling photoperiod in enhancing hydrogen production from Chlorella vulgaris sp. while bioremediating ammonium and organic pollutants in municipal wastewater.
- Author
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Ardo FM, Khoo KS, Ahmad Sobri MZ, Suparmaniam U, Ethiraj B, Anwar AF, Lam SM, Sin JC, Shahid MK, Ansar S, Ramli A, and Lim JW
- Subjects
- Wastewater, Sewage, Photoperiod, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Biomass, Chlorella vulgaris, Ammonium Compounds, Microalgae
- Abstract
Municipal wastewater is ubiquitously laden with myriad pollutants discharged primarily from a combination of domestic and industrial activities. These heterogeneous pollutants are threating the natural environments when the traditional activated sludge system fails sporadically to reduce the pollutants' toxicities. Besides, the activated sludge system is very energy intensive, bringing conundrums for decarbonization. This research endeavoured to employ Chlorella vulgaris sp. In converting pollutants from municipal wastewater into hydrogen via alternate light and dark fermentative process. The microalgae in attached form onto 1 cm
3 of polyurethane foam cubes were adopted in optimizing light intensity and photoperiod during the light exposure duration. The highest hydrogen production was recorded at 52 mL amidst the synergistic light intensity and photoperiod of 200 μmolm-2 s-1 and 12:12 h (light:dark h), respectively. At this lighting condition, the removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen were both achieved at about 80%. The sustainability of microalgal fermentative performances was verified in recyclability study using similar immobilization support material. There were negligible diminishments of hydrogen production as well as both COD and ammoniacal nitrogen removals after five cycles, heralding inconsequential microalgal cells' washout from the polyurethane support when replacing the municipal wastewater medium at each cycle. The collected dataset was finally modelled into enhanced Monod equation aided by Python software tool of machine learning. The derived model was capable to predict the performances of microalgae to execute the fermentative process in producing hydrogen while subsisting municipal wastewater at arbitrary photoperiod. The enhanced model had a best fitting of R2 of 0.9857 as validated using an independent dataset. Concisely, the outcomes had contributed towards the advancement of municipal wastewater treatment via microalgal fermentative process in producing green hydrogen as a clean energy source to decarbonize the wastewater treatment facilities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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19. Iron-mediated DAMO-anammox process: Revealing the mechanism of electron transfer.
- Author
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Gao R, Jin H, Han M, and Lou J
- Subjects
- Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation, Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix metabolism, Cytochromes c metabolism, Electrons, Denitrification, Anaerobiosis, Archaea, Oxidation-Reduction, Methane, Carbon metabolism, Riboflavin metabolism, Bioreactors, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrites metabolism, Iron, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
The nitrate denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation-anaerobic ammonia oxidation (DAMO-anammox) can accomplish nitrogen removal and methane (CH
4 ) reduction. This process greatly contributes to carbon emission mitigation and carbon neutrality. In this study, we investigated the electron transfer process of functional microorganisms in the iron-mediated DAMO-anammox system. Fe3+ could be bound to several functional groups (-CH3 , COO-, -CH) in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and the functional groups bound were different at different iron concentration. Fe3+ underwent reduction reactions to produce Fe2+ . Most Fe3+ and Fe2+ react with microorganisms and formed chelates with EPS. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra showed that Fe3+ affected the secretion of tyrosine and tryptophan, which were essential for cytochrome synthesis. The presence of Fe3+ accelerated c-type cytochrome-mediated extracellular electron transfer (EET), and when more Fe3+ existed, the more cytochrome C expressed. DAMO archaea (M. nitroreducens) in the system exhibited a high positive correlation with the functional genes (resa and ccda) for cytochrome c synthesis. Some denitrifying microorganisms showed positive correlations with the abundance of riboflavin. This finding showed that riboflavin secreted by functional microorganisms acted as an electron shuttle. In addition, DAMO archaea were positively correlated with the hair synthesis gene pily1, which indicated that direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) may exist in the iron-mediated DAMO-anammox system., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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20. Research progress of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process based on integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS).
- Author
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Li G, Yu Y, Li X, Jia H, Ma X, and Opoku PA
- Subjects
- Anaerobiosis, Sewage, Biofilms, Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
The integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is considered one of the cutting-edge solutions to the traditional wastewater treatment challenges, allowing suspended sludge and attached biofilm to grow in the same system. In addition, the coupling of IFAS with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) can further improve the efficiency of biological denitrification. This paper summarises the research progress of IFAS coupled with the anammox process, including partial nitrification anammox, simultaneous partial nitrification anammox and denitrification, and partial denitrification anammox technologies, and describes the factors that limit the development of related processes. The effects of dissolved oxygen, influent carbon source, sludge retention time, temperature, microbial community, and nitrite-oxidising bacteria inhibition methods on the anammox of IFAS are presented. At the same time, this paper gives an outlook on future research focus and engineering practice direction of the process., (© 2024 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology Reports published by Applied Microbiology International and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Protocol for aqueous synthesis of bioactive quaternary ammonium betaine derivatives under blue LED.
- Author
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Rath S and Sen S
- Subjects
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Water, Betaine pharmacology, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds exhibit diverse applications as antibiotics, as surfactants, in paper industries, in sewage treatment, and in aquaculture. Here, we present a protocol for synthesizing a library of bioactive quaternary ammonium betaine derivatives under blue LED in water. We describe steps for preparing diazo compounds, synthesizing glycine betaine derivatives, and isolating pure final compounds via precipitation from an aqueous reaction mixture. This protocol promotes a sustainable approach by using water as the reaction medium and room temperature reactions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Rath et al. (2023).
1 ., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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22. Review of the mechanisms involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and the efficacies of these mechanisms in the environment.
- Author
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Wang C, He T, Zhang M, Zheng C, Yang L, and Yang L
- Subjects
- Wastewater, Denitrification, Oxidation-Reduction, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrates analysis, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) is currently of great interest because it is an important method for recovering nitrogen from wastewater and offers many advantages, over other methods. A full understanding of DNRA requires the mechanisms, pathways, and functional microorganisms involved to be identified. The roles these pathways play and the effectiveness of DNRA in the environment are not well understood. The objectives of this review are to describe our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in DNRA from the substrate transfer perspective and to summarize the effects of DNRA in the environment. First, the mechanisms and pathways involved in DNRA are described in detail. Second, our understanding of DNRA by actinomycetes is reviewed and gaps in our understanding are identified. Finally, the effects of DNRA in the environment are assessed. This review will help in the development of future research into DNRA to promote the use of DNRA to treat wastewater and recover nitrogen., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Tengxia He reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42167019 and 42007223). If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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23. Derivation of human health and odor risk control values for soil ammonia nitrogen by incorporating solid-liquid partitioning, ammonium/ammonia equilibrium: A case study of a retired nitrogen fertilizer site in China.
- Author
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Jiang D, Chen Q, Ding D, Zhou Y, Xie W, Xia F, Li M, Wei J, Chen Y, and Deng S
- Subjects
- Humans, Soil, Nitrogen analysis, Fertilizers analysis, Odorants, Agriculture methods, China, Ammonia analysis, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer supports agricultural intensification, but its manufacturing results in substantial contaminated sites. Ammonia nitrogen is the main specific pollutant in retired nitrogen fertilizer sites with potential human health and odor risks. However, few studies focus on ammonia nitrogen risk assessment at contaminated sites, particularly considering its solid-liquid partitioning process (K
d ) and ammonium/ammonia equilibrium process (R) in the soil. This study took a closed nitrogen fertilizer factory site as an example and innovatively introduced Kd and R to scientifically assess the human health and odor risk of ammonia nitrogen. The risk control values (RCVs) of ammonia nitrogen based on human health and odor risk were also derived. The maximum concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 3380 mg/kg in the unsaturated soil, which was acceptable for human health because the health RCVs were 5589 ∼ 137,471 mg/kg in various scenarios. However, odor risk was unacceptable for RCVs were 296 ∼ 1111 mg/kg under excavation scenarios and 1118 ∼ 35,979 mg/kg under non-excavation scenarios. Of particular concern, introducing Kd and R in calculation increased the human health and odor RCVs by up to 27.92 times. Despite the advancements in ammonia risk assessment due to the introduction of Kd and R, odor risk during excavation remains a vital issue. These findings inform a more scientific assessment of soil ammonia risk at contaminated sites and provide valuable insights for the management and redevelopment of abandoned nitrogen fertilizer plant sites., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Characterisation and agronomic evaluation of acidified food waste anaerobic digestate products.
- Author
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O'Connor J, Mickan BS, Yusiharni E, Singh G, Gurung SK, Siddique KHM, Leopold M, and Bolan NS
- Subjects
- Waste Products, Food, Fertilizers, Food Loss and Waste, Anaerobiosis, Nitrogen analysis, Refuse Disposal methods, Ammonium Compounds, Urea analogs & derivatives, Nitrates
- Abstract
Raw liquid anaerobic digestate was synthesised into nutrient-dense solid digestates via acidification and evaporation. Acidification retained ammonium in the digestate whilst also donating the anion to free ammonium to form an ammonium salt. Digestate was treated with the addition of sulphuric, nitric, and phosphoric acid resulting in the formation of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate, respectively then evaporated into a solid fertiliser product. FTIR, XRD and SEM-EDS collectively confirm that the addition of acids completely converted the free ammonium in the raw digestate into their respective ammonium salt counterparts. Compounds of potassium chloride, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, sodium nitrate, and sodium chloride were identified in all solid digestate samples. Plant growth and grain yield was higher in urea ammonium nitrate, raw liquid digestate and acidified digestate products compared to control and unacidified solid digestate. Urea ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate solid digestate had the highest dry shoot, likely due to the high available nitrogen found in both fertilisers. Overall, acidification and evaporation of liquid digestate can efficiently transform it into a valuable solid fertiliser with a high nutrient density. This process not only has the potential to mitigate handling and storage constraints of low nutrient density digestate in anaerobic digestion facilities but also offers a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilisers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Sponge iron strengthens the activity of anammox biofilm under low nitrogen conditions in a two-stage fixed-bed biofilm reactor.
- Author
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Liu W, Li J, Lu H, and Peng Y
- Subjects
- Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix, Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation, Bioreactors microbiology, Biofilms, Oxidation-Reduction, Sewage, Denitrification, Anaerobiosis, Nitrogen, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Strengthening the activity competitiveness of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria (AnAOB) under low nitrogen conditions is indispensable for mainstream anammox application. This study demonstrates that sponge iron addition (42.8 g/L) effectively increased apparent AnAOB activity and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production of low load anammox biofilms cultivated under low (influent of 60 mg N/L) and even ultra-low (influent of 10 mg N/L) nitrogen conditions. In-situ batch tests showed that after sponge iron addition the specific AnAOB activity in the low and ultra-low nitrogen systems further increased to 1.18 and 0.47 mmol/g VSS/h, respectively, with an apparent growth rate for AnAOB of 0.011 ± 0.001 d
-1 and 0.004 ± 0.001 d-1 , respectively. The averaged EPS concentration of anammox biofilm in both low (from 35.84 to 71.05 mg/g VSS) and ultra-low (from 44.14 to 57.59 mg/g VSS) nitrogen systems increased significantly, while a higher EPS protein/polysaccharide ratio, which was positively correlated with AnAOB activity, was observed in the low nitrogen system (3.54 ± 0.34) than that in the ultra-low nitrogen system (1.82 ± 0.10). In addition, Candidatus Brocadia was detected as dominant AnAOB in the anammox biofilm under the low (12.2 %) and ultra-low (24.7 %) nitrogen condition. Notably, the genus Streptomyces (26.3 %), capable for funge-like codenitrification, increased unexpectedly in the low nitrogen system, but not affecting the nitrogen removal performance. Therefore, using sponge iron to strengthen AnAOB activity under low nitrogen conditions is feasible, providing support for mainstream anammox applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effect of biochar on the SPNA system at ambient temperatures.
- Author
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Wang S, Zhang M, Chen X, Bi Y, Meng F, Wang C, Liu L, and Wang S
- Subjects
- Temperature, Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation, Oxidation-Reduction, Nitrogen metabolism, Bioreactors, Denitrification, Sewage, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Charcoal
- Abstract
Biochar has been extensively studied in wastewater treatment systems. However, the role of biochar in the single-stage partial nitritation anammox (SPNA) system remains not fully understood. This study explored the impact of biochar on the SPNA at ambient temperatures (20 °C and 15 °C). The nitrogen removal rate of the system raised from 0.43 to 0.50 g N/(L·d) as the biochar addition was raised from 2 to 4 g/L. Metagenomic analysis revealed that gene abundances of amino sugar metabolism and nucleotide sugar metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and quorum sensing were decreased after the addition of biochar. However, the gene abundance of enzymes synthesizing NADH and trehalose increased, indicating that biochar could stimulate electron transfer reactions in microbial metabolism and assist microorganisms in maintaining a steady state at lower temperatures. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanism behind the improved nitrogen removal facilitated by biochar in the single-stage partial nitritation anammox system., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. High efficiency of drinking water treatment residual-based sintered ceramsite in biofilter for domestic wastewater treatment.
- Author
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Yuan N, Li Z, Shang Q, Liu X, Deng C, and Wang C
- Subjects
- Wastewater, Nitrogen, Aluminum, Drinking Water, Water Purification methods, Ammonium Compounds, Complex Mixtures
- Abstract
Aluminum (Al)-based drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) has often been attempted to be recycled as dominant ingredient to produce sintered ceramsite for water treatment. This study aimed to determine the long-term performance of DWTR-based ceramsite in treating domestic wastewater based on a 385-d biofilter test and by using physicochemical, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic analyses. The results showed that the ceramsite-packed biofilter exhibited high and stable capability in removing phosphorus (P) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), with removal efficiencies of 92.6 ± 3.97% and 81.1 ± 14.0% for total P and COD, respectively; moreover, 88-100% of ammonium-nitrogen (N) was normally converted, and the total N removal efficiency reached 80-86% under proper aeration. Further analysis suggested that the forms of the removed P in the ceramsite were mainly NH
4 F- and NaOH-extractable. Microbial communities in the ceramsite biofilter exhibited relatively high activity. Typically, various organic matter degradation-related genes (e.g., hemicellulose and starch degradations) were enriched, and a complete N-cycling pathway was established, which is beneficial for enriching microbes involved in ammonium-N conversion, especially Candidatus Brocadia, Candidatus Jettenia, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira. In addition, the structures of the ceramsite had high stability (e.g., compressive strength and major compositions). The ceramsites showed limited metal and metalloid pollution risks and even accumulated copper from the wastewater. These results demonstrate the high feasibility of applying ceramsite prepared from Al-based DWTR for water treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
28. The distinctive level of interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms in the leaves of submerged macrophytes plays a key role in ammonium detoxification.
- Author
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Muthui SW, Wei L, Ochieng WA, Linda EL, Otieno DO, Nyongesa EW, Liu F, and Xian L
- Subjects
- Carbon metabolism, Glutamate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Plant Leaves metabolism, Ammonium Compounds, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
Possible ammonium detoxification mechanisms have been proposed recently, on submerged macrophytes, evidently illustrating that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) plays a greater role in ammonium detoxification compared to the primary glutamine synthetase/glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GS/GOGAT) pathway. In the current investigation, we cultured three submerged macrophytes to extreme concentrations of [NH
4 + -N] of up to 50 mg/L with the aim of clarifying the interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. The activities of carboxylation enzymes pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), in lieu of Rubisco, increased almost two-fold for ammonium tolerant species P. maackianus and M. spicatum, compared with the sensitive species P. lucens. While these enzymes are well known for their central role in CO2 fixation, their inference in conferring resistance to ammonium stress has not been well elucidated before. In this study, we demonstrate that the overproduction of PEPC and PPDK led to improved photosynthesis, better ammonium assimilation and overall ammonium detoxification in M. spicatum and P. maackianus. These findings propose likelihood for the existence of a complementary ammonium detoxification pathway that targets carbon metabolism, thus, presenting a relatively efficient linkage between nitrogen and carbon metabolisms and identify candidate species for practical restoration of fresh water resources., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Electrochemical oxidation of refractory compounds from hydrothermal carbonization process waters.
- Author
-
Blach T and Engelhart M
- Subjects
- Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Nitrification, Nitrogen, Sewage chemistry, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an emerging technology for treating sewage sludge. However, the resulting HTC process water is heavily contaminated with various carbonaceous and nitrogenous components, some of them being non-biodegradable. To implement HTC as a full-scale treatment alternative for sewage sludge, effective concepts for treating process water are crucial. This study focuses on the electrochemical oxidation (EO) using a boron-doped diamond electrode to treat one HTC process waters with different pretreatments: (i) without pretreatment, (ii) biologically pretreated with chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, (iii) biologically pretreated with nitrification and denitrification. The EO removed COD of all HTC process waters by over 97%, but as COD concentrations decreased, the instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) dropped below 5% and energy consumption increased. The organically bound and refractory nitrogen was completely mineralized and converted to mainly NO
3 -N. After EO of process waters without nitrification/denitrification, nitrogen was present as NO3 -N with up to 730 mg/L and NH4 -N with up to 1813 mg/L. Such high ammonium concentrations treatment could be interesting for nitrogen recovery. In addition, the toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri could be reduced to a large extent. The findings suggest that EO after a biological step with COD removal is a viable solution for HTC process water treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter constituents and mortality from total and site-specific gastrointestinal cancer.
- Author
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Li Y, He Z, Wei J, Xu R, Liu T, Zhong Z, Liu L, Liang S, Zheng Y, Chen G, Lv Z, Huang S, Chen X, Sun H, and Liu Y
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Humans, Particulate Matter toxicity, Particulate Matter analysis, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Nitrates toxicity, China epidemiology, Carbon, Soot, Sulfates, Air Pollutants toxicity, Air Pollutants analysis, Stomach Neoplasms, Ammonium Compounds, Air Pollution adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM
2.5 ) exposure has been associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer mortality, but the attributable constituents remain unclear., Objectives: To investigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents with total and site-specific gastrointestinal cancer mortality using a difference-in-differences approach in Jiangsu province, China during 2015-2020., Methods: We split Jiangsu into 53 spatial units and computed their yearly death number of total gastrointestinal, esophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver, and pancreas cancer. Utilizing a high-quality grid dataset on PM2.5 constituents, we estimated 10-year population-weighted exposure to black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride in each spatial unit. The effect of constituents on gastrointestinal cancer mortality was assessed by controlling time trends, spatial differences, gross domestic product (GDP), and seasonal temperatures., Results: Overall, 524,019 gastrointestinal cancer deaths were ascertained in 84.77 million population. Each interquartile range increment of BC (0.46 μg/m3 ), OC (4.56 μg/m3 ), and nitrate (1.41 μg/m3 ) was significantly associated with a 27%, 26%, and 34% increased risk of total gastrointestinal cancer mortality, respectively, and these associations remained significant in PM2.5 -adjusted models and constituent-residual models. We also identified robust associations of BC, OC, and nitrate exposures with site-specific gastrointestinal cancer mortality. The mortality risk generally displayed increased trends across the total exposure range and rose steeper at higher levels. We did not identify robust associations for sulfate, ammonium, or chlorine exposure. Higher mortality risk ascribed to constituent exposures was identified in total gastrointestinal and liver cancer among women, stomach cancer among men, and total gastrointestinal and stomach cancer among low-GDP regions., Conclusions: This study offers consistent evidence that long-term exposure to PM2.5 -bound BC, OC, and nitrate is associated with total and site-specific gastrointestinal cancer mortality, indicating that these constituents need to be controlled to mitigate the adverse effect of PM2.5 on gastrointestinal cancer mortality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Reducing nitrogen loss from farmland by layered double hydroxide-supported carbon dots-enhanced ammonium immobilization.
- Author
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Yan Y, Wang W, Liu F, Zhang M, Gao J, and Lu C
- Subjects
- Nitrogen, Farms, Hydroxides, Adsorption, Soil, Carbon, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
It remains a significant challenge to develop a kind of cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbent with strong immobilization capabilities for ammonium in farmland. In this work, we employed Ca/Al layered double hydroxide-supported carbon dots (CDs@Ca/Al-LDHs) as a novel and efficient adsorbent for ammonium immobilization both in aqueous and soil environments. Such a composite could exhibit a high adsorption capacity towards ammonium in solution, which was four times higher than zeolite and three times higher than biochar under the same conditions. The mechanism investigations revealed that electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged CDs and the positively charged ammonium played a key role in the adsorption. In 30-day leaching experiments, the fabricated composite cumulatively reduced ammonium and nitrate by 6.3% and 9.7%, respectively at a dosage of 0.1% (w/w). Incubation experiments further confirmed that the developed composite could effectively inhibit ammonia volatilization and nitrification by immobilizing the ammonium within soil matrices. Our results demonstrated that CDs@Ca/Al-LDHs represented a promising candidate for cost-effective and eco-friendly immobilization of excess ammonium from over-fertilized farmland., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. An integrated meta-omics approach reveals the different response mechanisms of two anammox bacteria towards fluoroquinolone antibiotics.
- Author
-
Qiao X, Ding L, Fang F, Fu C, Wei R, Chen Y, Zheng S, Wang X, Yan Y, Yang K, Xu N, Tao H, Yu K, and Zhang L
- Subjects
- Anaerobiosis, Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation, Oxidation-Reduction, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria metabolism, Bacteria, Anaerobic metabolism, Fluoroquinolones, Bioreactors microbiology, Nitrogen metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism, Sewage microbiology, Wastewater, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
The emerging fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) are highly influential in nitrogen removal from livestock wastewater. However, beyond the capability of nitrogen removal, little is known about the molecular mechanisms (e.g., shift of core metabolism and energy allocation) of different anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) under continuous FQ stress. This study investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and their mixture at concentrations detected in livestock wastewater on two key anammox species in membrane bioreactors. It was found 20 μg/L FQs promoted nitrogen removal efficiency and community stability, and42-51 % of FQs were removed simultaneously. Integrated meta-omics analysis revealed varied gene expression patterns between the two dominant AnAOB, Candidatus Brocadia sapporoensis (B AnAOB) and Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis (K AnAOB). The nitrogen metabolic processes were bolstered in B AnAOB, while those involved in anammox pathway of K AnAOB were inhibited. This difference was tentatively attributed to the up-regulation of reactive oxygen species scavenger genes (ccp and dxf) and FQ resistance gene (qnrB72) in B AnAOB. Importantly, most enhanced core biosynthesis/metabolism of AnAOB and close cross-feeding with accompanying bacteria were also likely to contribute to their higher levels of biomass yield and metabolism activity under FQ stress. This finding suggests that B AnAOB has the advantage of higher nitrogen metabolism capacity over K AnAOB in livestock wastewater containing FQs, which is helpful for efficient and stable nitrogen removal by the functional anammox species., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Quaternary ammonium salts for water treatment with balanced rate of sterilization and degradation.
- Author
-
Zhou Z, Zhang X, Zeng S, Xu Y, Nie W, Zhou Y, and Chen P
- Subjects
- Humans, Salts pharmacology, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria, Sterilization, Carbon, Esters, Ammonium Compounds, Water Purification
- Abstract
The growing number of infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria which arise from the overuse of antibiotics has severely affected the normal operation of human society. The high antibacterial activity of QAS makes it promising as an alternative to antibiotics, but it suffers from secondary pollution due to its non-degradation. Here we have synthesized a class of gemini quaternary ammonium salts (GQAS) with different carbon chain lengths containing ester groups by using facile methylation reaction. Quaternary ammonium groups contribute to insert negatively charged bacterial membranes, resulting in membrane damage and bacteria death. Compared with conventional single-chain QAS, except for the more efficient antibacterial efficiency attribute to the presence of the second carbon chain, GQAS with alterable antibacterial properties can minimize the possibility of bacterial resistance and reduce the accumulation of GQAS in the environment through the introduction of degradable ester groups. GQAS is completely superior to the commercial bactericide benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in both antibacterial activity and degrade performance, which can be used as a more environmentally friendly bactericide., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Microplastics strengthen nitrogen retention by intensifying nitrogen limitation in mangrove ecosystem sediments.
- Author
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Dai Z, Zhang N, Ma X, Wang F, Peng J, Yang S, and Cao W
- Subjects
- Nitrates analysis, Microplastics, Plastics, Nitrogen analysis, Organic Chemicals, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Ecosystem, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Mangrove wetlands are hotspots of the global nitrogen (N) cycle and important sinks of microplastics (MPs) due to their ecotone location between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, the effects of MPs on N cycle processes in mangrove ecosystems are still poorly understood. Thus, the present study assessed the impacts by adding MPs to mangrove sediments in a microcosm incubation experiment. The results showed that MPs increased dissolved organic carbon and nitrate but reduced ammonium contents in the sediments. MPs increased C:N stoichiometric and N:C-acquiring enzymatic ratios, indicating an intensified N limitation in mangrove sediments following exposure of MPs. MPs decreased microbial community diversity and shifted sediment microbial communities from r- to K-strategists, consistent with the intensified N limitation. In response, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates increased while nitrous oxide (N
2 O) production reduced suggesting more efficient N utilization in MPs treatments. The MPs with heteroatoms such as PLA- and PVC-MPs, increased DNRA rates by 67.5-78.7%, exhibiting a stronger impact than PE-MPs. The variation partitioning analysis revealed that the variances of DNRA rates and N2 O production could be attributed to synergistic effects of physicochemical properties, nutrient limitation, and microbial community in mangrove sediments. Overall, this study provides pertinent insights into the impacts of MPs as a new carbon source on nutrient limitation and N turnover in mangrove ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Ammonium improves elution of fixed dried blood spots without affecting immunofluorescence assay quality.
- Author
-
Borremans B
- Subjects
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique methods, Humans, Ammonium Compounds, Dried Blood Spot Testing methods
- Abstract
Objective: To solve the problem of fixed dried blood spot elution without damaging IgG antibodies., Methods: The minimum effective concentration of liquid ammonium (NH3 ) in a PBS solution, which was found to elute fixed blood, was determined. By using a dilution series, the effects of NH3 on IgG antibody quality were assessed using immunofluorescence assays., Results: The minimum effective concentration of 0.2% NH3 has no detectable effects on IgG quality., Conclusion: Ammonium greatly improves blood elution from fixed DBS while maintaining IgG antibody quality. These results are encouraging and provide a basis for further testing of the efficacy of ammonium in different situations as well as its effect on other compounds., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Integration of ammonium assimilation with denitrifying phosphorus removal for efficient nutrient management in wastewater treatment.
- Author
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Zhang G, Li W, Li D, Wang S, and Lv L
- Subjects
- Sewage, Wastewater, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Denitrification, Phosphorus, Bioreactors, Nitrification, Nutrients, Nitrogen, Ammonium Compounds, Water Purification
- Abstract
Nutrient removal from sewage is transitioning to nutrient recovery. However, biological treatment technologies to remove and recover nutrients from domestic sewage are still under investigation. This study delved into the integration of ammonium assimilation with denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) as a method for efficient nutrient management in sewage treatment. Results indicated this approach eliminated over 80 % of the nitrogen in the influent, simultaneously recovering over 60 % of the nitrogen as the activated sludge through ammonia assimilation, and glycerol facilitated this process. The nitrification/denitrifying phosphorus removal ensured the stability of both nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The phosphorus removal rate exceeded 96 %, and the DPR rate reached over 90 %. Network analysis highlighted a stable community structure with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota driving ammonium assimilation. The synergistic effect of fermentation bacteria, denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms, and denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms contributed to the stability of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. This approach offers a promising method for sustainable nutrient management in sewage treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Nutrient recovery from digestate: Pilot test experiments.
- Author
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Proskynitopoulou V, Garagounis I, Vourros A, Dimopoulos Toursidis P, Lorentzou S, Zouboulis A, and Panopoulos K
- Subjects
- Animals, Anaerobiosis, Struvite, Nutrients, Phosphates, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
A series of technologies have been employed in pilot-scale to process digestate, i.e. the byproduct remaining after the anaerobic digestion of agricultural and other wastes, with the aim of recovering nutrients and reducing the load of solids and organics from it, hence improving the quality of digestate for potential subsequent reuse. In this case the digestate originated from a mixture of dairy and animal wastes and a small amount of agricultural wastes. It was processed by the application of several treatments, applied in series, i.e. microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, selective electrodialysis and combined UV/ozonation. The initially applied membrane filtration methods (micro- and ultra-filtration) removed most of the suspended solids and macromolecules with a combined efficiency of more than 80%, while the reverse osmosis (at the end) removed almost all the remaining solutes (85-100%), producing sufficiently clarified water, appropriate for potential reuse. In the selective electrodialysis unit over 95% of ammonium and potassium were recovered from the feed, along with 55% of the phosphates. Of the latter, 75% was retrieved in the form of struvite., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Partial nitrification-denitrification and enrichment of paracoccus induced by iron-chitosan beads addition in an intermittently-aerated activated sludge system.
- Author
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Luan YN, Yin Y, Guo Z, Wang Q, Xu Y, Zhang F, Xiao Y, and Liu C
- Subjects
- Nitrification, Sewage, Denitrification, Iron, Bioreactors microbiology, Bacteria metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Nitrogen metabolism, Chitosan metabolism, Paracoccus metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
Insufficient carbon source has become the main limiting factor for efficient nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. In this study, an intermittently-aerated activated sludge system with iron-chitosan (Fe-CS) beads addition was proposed for nitrogen removal from low C/N wastewater. By adding Fe-CS beads, partial nitrification-denitrification (PND) process and significant enrichment of Paracoccus (with ability of iron reduction/ammonium oxidation/aerobic denitrification) were observed in the reactor. The accumulation rate of NO
2 - -N reached 81.9 %, and the total nitrogen removal efficiency was improved to 93.9 % by shortening the aeration time. The higher activity of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and inhibited activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in Fe-CS assisted system mediated the occurrence of PND. In contrast, the traditional nitrification and denitrification process occurred in the control group. The high-throughput sequencing analysis and metagenomic results confirmed that the addition of Fe-CS induced 77.8 % and 54.9 % enrichment of Paracoccus in sludge and Fe-CS beads, respectively, while almost no enrichment was observed in control group. Furthermore, with the addition of Fe-CS beads, the expression of genes related to outer membrane porin, cytochrome c, and TCA was strengthened, thereby enhancing the electron transport of Fe(Ⅱ) (electron donor) and Fe(Ⅲ) (electron acceptor) with pollutants in the periplasm. This study provides new insights into the direct enrichment of iron-reducing bacteria and its PND performance induced by the Fe-CS bead addition. It therefore offers an appealing strategy for low C/N wastewater treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Long-term saline water irrigation has the potential to balance greenhouse gas emissions and cotton yield in North China plain.
- Author
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Zhou S, Wang G, Zhang J, Dang H, Gao Y, and Sun J
- Subjects
- Nitrates, Nitrous Oxide analysis, Soil chemistry, Agricultural Irrigation methods, China, Saline Waters, Nitrogen, Agriculture, Fertilizers analysis, Methane analysis, Greenhouse Gases analysis, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Saline water has proven to be one of the alternative sources of freshwater for agricultural irrigation in water-scarce areas. However, the changes in farmland ecology caused by saline water irrigation remain unclear. In this study, six irrigation water salinities (CK: 1.3 dS m
-1 , S1: 3.4 dS m-1 , S2: 7.1 dS m-1 , S3: 10.6 dS m-1 , S4: 14.1 dS m-1 , S5: 17.7 dS m-1 ) were set in a three-year (2019, 2021-2022) experiment to investigate their effects on soil environment and greenhouse gas emissions in cotton fields under long-term saline water irrigation. Results show that soil salinity in the same layer increased as increasing water salinity. Soil moisture of S3-S5 increased significantly by 4.99-12.94%. There was no significant difference in soil organic matter content between CK and S1. Saline water irrigation increased soil ammonium nitrogen content by 0.57-49.26%, while decreasing nitrate nitrogen content by 1.43-32.03%. Soil CO2 and N2 O emissions and CH4 uptake were lower in S1-S5 than in CK at different cotton growth stages. In addition, saline water irrigation reduced the global warming potential by 6.93-53.86%. A structural equation model was developed to show that soil salinity, moisture, and ammonium nitrogen content were negatively correlated with global warming potential, while organic matter and nitrate nitrogen had positive effects on global warming potential. Considering the comprehensive perspectives of gas emissions and cotton yield, irrigation water with salinity less than 10.6 dS m-1 could effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cotton fields while maintaining stable cotton yields in the experimental area and similar region., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Insight into the mechanism of nitrogen sufficiency conversion strategy for microalgae-based ammonium-rich wastewater treatment.
- Author
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Song H, Li J, Su Q, Li H, Guo X, Shao S, Fan L, Xu P, Zhou W, and Qian J
- Subjects
- Wastewater, Nitrogen metabolism, Biomass, Lipids, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Chlorella metabolism, Microalgae metabolism, Water Purification
- Abstract
The strategy of nitrogen sufficiency conversion can improve ammonium nitrogen (NH
4 + -N) removal with microalgal cells from ammonium-rich wastewater. We selected and identified one promising isolated algal strain, NCU-7, Chlorella sorokiniana, which showed a high algal yield and tolerance to ammonium in wastewater, as well as strong adaptability to N deprivation. The transition from N deprivation through mixotrophy (DN, M) to N sufficiency through autotrophy (SN, P) achieved the highest algal yields (optical density = 1.18 and 1.59) and NH4 + -N removal rates (2.5 and 4.2 mg L-1 d-1 ) from synthetic wastewaters at two NH4 + -N concentrations (160 and 320 mg L-1 , respectively). Algal cells in DN, M culture obtained the lowest protein content (20.6%) but the highest lipid content (34.0%) among all cultures at the end of the stage 2. After transferring to stage 3, the lowest protein content gradually recovered to almost the same level as SN, P culture on the final day. Transmission electron microscopy and proteomics analysis demonstrated that algal cells had reduced intracellular protein content but accumulated lipids under N deprivation by regulating the reduction in synthesis of protein, carbohydrate, and chloroplast, while enhancing lipid synthesis. After transferring to N sufficiency, algal cells accelerated their growth by recovering protein synthesis, leading to excessive uptake of NH4 + -N from wastewater. This study provides specific insights into a nitrogen sufficiency conversion strategy to enhance algal growth and NH4 + -N removal/uptake during microalgae-based ammonium-rich wastewater treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Modeling and optimization of laying hen manure drying process to reduce protein and ammonium-N losses by adding sodium bentonite and wheat straw.
- Author
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Khademi S, Masoumi AA, Sadeghi M, Riasi A, and Moheb A
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Triticum, Bentonite, Chickens, Dehydration, Sodium, Manure, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Laying hen manure (LHM) is a major source of pollution due to its high nitrogen (N) and moisture content (MC). Therefore, reducing the MC of LHM is necessary to retain its recyclable value and reduce environmental pollution. One effective way is by incorporating sodium bentonite (SB) and wheat straw (WS) as amendments in the LHM. This work aimed to optimize the drying conditions of LHM and investigate the effect of SB and WS utilization on the dehydration rate, reduction of crude protein (CP), and reduction of ammonium-N (N [Formula: see text] -N). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize these processes. For this purpose, two sets of experiments (drying of LHM with and without SB and Ws) were designed. The independent parameters were air temperature (70, 80, and 90 °C), air velocity (1, 1.5, and 2 m s
-1 ), layer thickness (5, 10, and 15 mm), SB (2%, 4%, and 6%), and WS (3%, 7.5%, and 12%). The results indicated that temperature and WS had the most significant influence on all responses. To maximize the dehydration rate and minimize the reduction of CP and N [Formula: see text] -N, the optimal conditions were a temperature of 78 °C, air velocity of 1 m s-1 , and layer thickness of 5 mm in the first set of experiments, and a temperature of 80 °C, air velocity of 1.5 m s-1 , layer thickness of 11 mm, 6% SB, and 12% WS in the second set of experiments. Under the optimum conditions, LHM treated with 6% SB and 12% WS retained 10% more CP and 58% more N [Formula: see text] -N than untreated LHM. Therefore, according to the obtained results, SB and WS are recommended as additives to reduce the CP and N [Formula: see text] -N losses of LHM during the drying process., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Major ions in Central European precipitation - Insight into changes in NO 3 - /SO 4 2- , NH 4 + /NO 3 - and NH 4 + /SO 4 2- ratios over the last four decades.
- Author
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Hůnová I, Brabec M, and Malý M
- Subjects
- Nitrates analysis, Bayes Theorem, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Ions chemistry, Seasons, Sulfates analysis, Ammonium Compounds, Air Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
Knowledge of precipitation composition is important, among other things, to reveal changes in atmospheric chemistry. Here we present the long-term time trends in ratios of major ions in precipitation, namely nitrate to sulphate (NO
3 - /SO4 2- ), ammonium to sulphate (NH4 + /SO4 2- ) and ammonium to nitrate (NH4 + /NO3 - ). For this we explore the long-term time series recorded by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute at eight monitoring sites situated in urban, rural and mountain regions of the Czech Republic between 1980 and 2020. To that end, we use innovative Bayesian inference with the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) computational method appropriate for investigating complicated large-scale data. Our results indicated: (i) increasing NO3 - /SO4 2- ratio in precipitation over time and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in winter and lower values in summer, (ii) increasing NH4 + /SO4 2- ratio in precipitation and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in summer and lower values in winter and (iii) relatively stable NH4 + /NO3 - ratio in precipitation with a mild recent increase and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in summer and lower values in winter. This behaviour pattern holds true for all the sites analysed, irrespective of their geographical position, altitude or environment. Though explored in detail rarely, the ion ratios are important to study as they reflect changes in atmospheric chemistry, mirroring changes in emissions and meteorology and suggesting changing impacts on ecosystems and the environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Interplay between edaphic and climatic factors unravels plant and microbial diversity along an altitudinal gradient.
- Author
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Aqeel M, Khalid N, Noman A, Ran J, Manan A, Hou Q, Dong L, Sun Y, Deng Y, Lee SS, Hu W, and Deng J
- Subjects
- Nitrates, Biodiversity, Plants, Bacteria genetics, Altitude, Soil chemistry, Potassium, Soil Microbiology, Ecosystem, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Altitude influences biodiversity and physiochemical soil attributes in terrestrial ecosystems. It is of immense importance to know the patterns of how interactions among climatic and edaphic factors influence plant and microbial diversity in various ecosystems, particularly along the gradients. We hypothesize that altitudinal variation determines the distribution of plant and microbial species as well as their interactions. To test the hypothesis, different sites with variable altitudes were selected. Analyses of edaphic factors revealed significant (p < 0.001) effects of the altitude. Soil ammonium and nitrate were strongly affected by it contrary to potassium (K), soil organic matter and carbon. The response patterns of individual taxonomic groups differed across the altitudinal gradient. Plant species and soil fungal diversity increased with increasing altitude, while soil archaeal and bacterial diversity decreased with increasing altitude. Plant species richness showed significant positive and negative interactions with edaphic and climatic factors. Fungal species richness was also significantly influenced by the soil ammonium, nitrate, available phosphorus, available potassium, electrical conductivity, and the pH of the soil, but showed non-significant interactions with other edaphic factors. Similarly, soil variables had limited impact on soil bacterial and archaeal species richness along the altitude gradient. Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Thaumarchaeota dominate soil bacterial, fungal, and archaeal communities, with relative abundance of 27.4%, 70.56%, and 81.55%, respectively. Additionally, Cynodon dactylon is most abundant plant species, comprising 22.33% of the recorded plant taxa in various study sites. RDA revealed that these communities influenced by certain edaphic and climatic factors, e.g., Actinobacteria strongly respond to MAT, EC, and C/N ratio, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota show strong associations with EC and MAP, respectively. Thaumarcheota are linked to pH, and OM, while Cyperus rotundus are sensitive to AI and EC. In conclusion, the observed variations in microbial as well as plant species richness and changes in soil properties at different elevations provide valuable insights into the factors determining ecosystem stability and multifunctionality in different regions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Atmospheric organic nitrogen deposition around the Danjiangkou Reservoir: Fluxes, characteristics and evidence of agricultural source.
- Author
-
Zhang Q, Guo X, Zhao T, Jin C, Xiao C, and He Y
- Subjects
- Nitrogen analysis, Agriculture, China, Environmental Monitoring methods, Air Pollutants analysis, Ammonium Compounds analysis
- Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) deposition was the substantial component of dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) deposition in the world's nitrogen deposition hot spots areas. However, the information on the importance for DON deposition and its sources was still scarce, which limited the comprehensive assessment of the ecological threat from nitrogen deposition. Six sampling sites around the Danjiangkou Reservoir were set up to collect the dry and wet deposition samples from October 2017 to September 2021. The results showed that dry and wet DTN deposition averaged 34.72 kg ha
-1 yr-1 and 22.27 kg ha-1 yr-1 , respectively. Dry NH4 + -N, NO3 - -N and DON deposition averaged 14.28 kg ha-1 yr-1 , 5.91 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 14.53 kg ha-1 yr-1 , respectively. Wet NH4 + -N, NO3 - -N and DON deposition averaged 11.14 kg ha-1 yr-1 , 3.89 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 7.24 kg ha-1 yr-1 , respectively. The contributions of DON to DTN were 41.85% (in dry deposition) and 32.50% (in wet deposition), respectively. Dry DON deposition varied between 26.44 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 9.11 kg ha-1 yr-1 , and significantly differed among six sampling sites (P < 0.05). The different intensity of agricultural activities disturbance at the sampling sites was the important reason for the spatial variations of DON deposition. DON deposition was significantly correlated with ammonium nitrogen (NH4 + -N) deposition (P < 0.05). According to the results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, agriculture source contributed significantly to the DON deposition, the contributions at six sampling sites ranged from 45.8% to 73.7% in dry deposition, and from 56.8% to 81.6% in wet deposition. In summary, our findings found that agricultural activities were the important factors influencing the spatial patterns of DON deposition around Danjiangkou Reservoir and provided new evidence for the anthropogenic source of DON deposition in China., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Nano manganese dioxide coupling carbon source preloading granular activated carbon biofilter enhancing biofilm formation and pollutant removal.
- Author
-
Qin W, Xiao Q, Hong M, Yang J, Song Y, and Ma J
- Subjects
- Charcoal, Nitrification, Biofilms, Sucrose, Ammonium Compounds, Water Purification methods
- Abstract
The formation of stable and mature biofilms affects the efficient and stable removal of ammonium by biological activated carbon (BAC). In this study, the new granular activated carbon (GAC) was preloaded with the carbon source (glucose and sucrose) and nano manganese dioxide (nMnO
2 ) before using. Then tests were performed to determine whether substrate preloading promoted ammonium removal. The ammonium removal treated by nMnO2 coupled with sucrose-loaded BAC reached 49.1 ± 2.5%, which was 1.7 times higher than that by the nonloaded BAC 28.2 ± 1.9%). The biomass on the substrate-loaded BAC reached 5.83 × 106 -1.22 × 107 cells/g DW GAC on Day 7, which was 4.6-9.5 times higher than the value of the nonloaded BAC (1.28 × 106 cells/g DW GAC). The amount of extracellular polymer (i.e., protein) on nMnO2 coupled to sucrose-loaded BAC was promoted significantly. Flavobacterium (0.7%-11%), Burkholderiaceae (13%-20%) and Aquabacterium (30%-67%) were the dominant functional bacteria on the substrate-loaded BAC, which were conducive to the nitrification or denitrification process. The results indicated that loading nMnO2 and/or a carbon source accelerated the formation of biofilms on BAC and ammonium removal. Additionally, the ammonium removal treated by nMnO2 coupled with sucrose-loaded BAC was contributed by microbial degradation (56.0 ± 2.5%), biofilm adsorption (38.7 ± 2.1%) and GAC adsorption (5.3 ± 0.3%), suggesting a major role of microbial degradation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Responses of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth and soil properties to conventional non-biodegradable and new biodegradable microplastics.
- Author
-
Wang W, Xie Y, Li H, Dong H, Li B, Guo Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Yin T, Liu X, and Zhou W
- Subjects
- Soil, Ecosystem, Microplastics, Plastics, Lactuca, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Residual plastic films in soils are posing a potential threat to agricultural ecosystem. However, little is known about the impacts of microplastics (MPs) derived from biodegradable and non-biodegradable plastic films on plant-soil systems. Here, we carried out a pot experiment using soil-cultivated lettuce treated by two types of MPs, degradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT-MPs) and non-biodegradable polyethylene (PE-MPs). MPs resulted in different degrees of reduction in shoot biomass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, and leaf contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), accelerated accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, and increased malondialdehyde content in lettuce leaves. Moreover, MPs obviously decreased contents of total N, nitrate, ammonium, and available K in soils, and increased available P, thus altering soil nutrient availability. MPs also significantly decreased proportions of macroaggregates, and decreased soil electrical conductivity and microbial activity. PBAT-MPs had significantly greater impacts on oxidative damage, photosynthetic rate, soil aggregation, microbial activity, and soil ammonium than those of PE-MPs. Our results suggested that MPs caused oxidative damages, nutrient uptake inhibition, soil properties alteration, ultimately leading to growth reduction, and PBAT-MPs exhibited stronger impacts. Therefore, it is urgent to further study the ecological effects of MPs, especially biodegradable MPs, on soil-plant systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Patterns and drivers of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition in Northeast Asia.
- Author
-
Mgelwa AS, Zhu F, Huang D, Song L, Wang Y, Gurmesa GA, Wang A, Liu M, Huang S, Qiu Q, Sase H, Zhu W, and Fang Y
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Nitrogen analysis, China, Environmental Monitoring, Air Pollutants analysis, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition due to intensified emissions of NH
3 and NOx is a global problem with profound consequences on living organisms and the environment. Although N emission rates are currently considered to be high in East Asia, reports on the current N deposition level and composition are still limited, especially in northeastern China, where official N deposition monitoring sites are unavailable. This limits our understanding of the spatio-temporal N deposition patterns and their influencing factors at regional to continental scales. Here, we used data collected mostly during 2019 at 38 sites, comprising 7 sites in northeastern China and 31 EANET (Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia) sites in middle and east Russia, Mongolia, central and southern China, South Korea and Japan to explore the spatial-seasonal variations and drivers of ammonium and nitrate deposition across the Northeast Asia. Total bulk inorganic N (TIN) deposition was 3.7-24.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and NH4 + -N/NO3 - -N ratio in the TIN was 0.8-2.8 in northeastern China. The bulk/wet TIN deposition averaged 7.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (predominantly in the form of ammonium-N: NH4 + -N/NO3 - -N = 1.4) over the Northeast Asia region, with the highest rates being observed in northeastern China (11.6), as well as central and southern China (10.7), followed by east Russia, South Korea and Japan (5.6), and the lowest in middle Russia and Mongolia (1.5). This regional bulk/wet TIN deposition level is about twice of the wet TIN deposition level in Europe and the United States. The TIN deposition in summer and spring was 45-467% higher than in autumn and winter. Out of the ten land uses considered, only agricultural and urban land uses significantly positively correlated with NH4 + -N and NO3 - -N deposition rates across all monitored sites. This study suggests that the ongoing agricultural and urban expansions are likely to enhance N deposition and its associated effects across global ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Runoff of foliar-applied natural fungicides in aquaponics: Implications for fish and nitrification.
- Author
-
Folorunso EA, Gebauer R, Bohata A, Velíšek J, Třešnáková N, Dvořák P, Tomčala A, Kuebutornye FKA, and Mráz J
- Subjects
- Animals, Nitrification, Clove Oil, Lecithins, Aquaculture methods, Nitrogen analysis, Fungicides, Industrial toxicity, Cichlids metabolism, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Aquaponics is a method of producing food in a sustainable manner through the integration of aquaculture and hydroponics, which allows simultaneous cultivation of fish and economic crops. The use of natural fungicides are crucial to the sustainable control of diseases in aquaponics. We assessed the potential impacts of natural fungicides, such as clove oil and lecithin, as well as a synthetic fungicide, tebuconazole, following foliar application in aquaponics. This study examined the runoff rates of the fungicides in decoupled aquaponics, and the subsequent effects of the runoffs on nitrification processes and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The runoffs of the foliar-applied fungicides, clove oil, lecithin, and tebuconazole, were detected in aquaponics water at a percentage runoff rate of 0.3 %, 2.3 %, and 0.3-0.8 % respectively. In the biofilter, lecithin altered the ammonium levels by increasing ammonium-nitrogen levels by 7 mg L
-1 , 6 h post application. Clove oil, on the other hand, showed no significant effect on ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate-nitrogen. Similarly, the toxicity test showed that eugenol had no significant effects on the hematological, biochemical and antioxidative activities of O. niloticus. Conversely, tebuconazole exhibited significant and persistent effects on various biochemical parameters, including lactate, albumin, and total protein, as well as hematological parameters like hemoglobin and MCH. The use of lecithin and tebuconazole should only be limited to decoupled aquaponics., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Croconaine conjugated cationic polymeric nanoparticles for NIR enhanced bacterial killing.
- Author
-
Zhang H, Liu N, Zhang Y, Cang H, Cai Z, Huang Z, and Li J
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Escherichia coli, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Mammals, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Nanoparticles, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Ammonium Compounds
- Abstract
Light-triggered treatment approach has been regarded as an effective option for sterilization due to noninvasiveness, limited drug resistance, and minimized adverse effects. Herein, we designed and synthesized a functionalized cationic polymer, CR-PQAC, with croconaine bridging agent and quaternary ammonium groups for photothermal enhanced antimicrobial therapy under near-infrared irradiation. The quaternary ammonium group on the pendent chain endowing CR-PQAC the ability to effectively bind to bacteria. The CR-PQAC could self-assembles into micellar nanoparticles in aqueous solution, which exhibited strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region, excellent photostability, and photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 43.8 %. Notably, the CR-PQAC nanoparticles presented remarkable antibacterial activity against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria with 808 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, the developed CR-PQAC has negligible dark cytotoxicity and good hemolytic compatibility against mammalian cells. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the desirable antibacterial efficacy of CR-PQAC was obtained. Therefore, the proposed CR-PQAC may be a promising antimicrobial agent for NIR-enhanced killing bacterial., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Quantitative effect of adding percentages of anammox granules on the start-up process and microbial community analysis.
- Author
-
Huang J, Wang X, Qi Z, Zhang M, Kang R, Liu C, and Li D
- Subjects
- Sewage, Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation, Bioreactors microbiology, Oxidation-Reduction, Bacteria metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Anaerobiosis, Denitrification, Microbiota, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is challenging due to its long start-up duration and high demand for mature anammox seed sludge. However, adding a small amount of anammox sludge to the inoculum can be a reasonable solution. This study investigated the effect of adding percentage of anammox granules (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) in the seed sludge on the anammox start-up process. The anammox process was achieved in all five reactors after 55, 6, 5, 3 and 0 days. Increasing the adding percentage effectively shortened the duration of lag phase and cell lysis, but had little effect on the final nitrogen removal performance, except for 4% adding percentage. Families of Brocadiaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Ignavibacteriaceae, SJA-28, and Rhodocyclaceae were dominant, with a core microbiota of eight operational taxonomic unites (OTUs), and Candidatus Brocadia fulgida became the dominant anammox species. Seven synergistic members with anammox bacteria were identified by correlation network analysis. Major potential functional groups involved in C and N cycle were also observed by FAPROTAX. Together with the qPCR and sequencing results, it was suggested that more than 2% of adding percentages would result in a short lag phase, rapid growth rate in elevation stage, high final performances, and anammox bacteria abundance comparable to that in the anammox seed sludge. This crucial finding indicated the feasibility of economical and rapid start-up of the anammox process with a minimum amount of anammox seed sludge., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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