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In this paper the effects of an experimental bioethanol fumigation application using an experimental ultrasound device on performance and emissions of a single cylinder Diesel engine have been experimentally investigated. Engine performance and pollutant emissions variations were considered for three different types of fuels (biodiesel, biodiesel-bioethanol blend and biodiesel-fumigated bioethanol). Reductions in brake specific fuel consumption and NOx pollutant emissions are correlated with the use of ultrasonic fumigation of bioethanol fuel, comparative to use of biodiesel-bioethanol blend. Considering the fuel consumption as Diesel engine's main performance parameter, the proposed bioethanol's fumigation method, offers the possibility to use more efficient renewable biofuels (bioethanol), with immediate effects on environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]