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The International Psycho-oncology Society (IPOS) has just celebrated its 30th anniversary. The growth of psychosocial oncology has been exponential, and this relatively new field is becoming a core service that focuses on prevention, reducing the burden of cancer, and enhancing the quality of life from time of diagnosis, through treatment, survivorship, and palliative care. Looking back over the past 30 years, we see that cancer care globally has evolved to a new and higher standard. Today, 'cancer care for the whole patient' is being accomplished with an evidence-based model that addresses psychosocial needs and integrates psycho-oncology into the treatment and care of patients. The President's Plenary Session in Lisbon, Portugal, highlighted the IPOS Mission of promoting global excellence in psychosocial care of people affected by cancer through our research, public policy, advocacy, and education. The internationally endorsed IPOS Standard of Quality Cancer Care, for example, clearly states the necessity of integrating the psychosocial domain into routine care, and that distress should be measured as the sixth vital sign after temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and pain. The plenary paper also discussed the global progress being made in Europe, North America, and Australia in providing quality cancer care for the whole patient. Collaborative partnerships between IPOS and organizations such as the European Partnership Action Against Cancer and the World Health Organization are essential in building capacity for the delivery of high-quality psycho-oncology services in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain a major challenge in the 21st century. High-income countries (HICs) populations are ethnically and culturally diverse due to international migration. Evidence suggests that NCDs rates differ between migrants and the host populations in HICs. This paper presents a review of NCDs burden among migrant groups in HICs in Europe, North America and Australia with a major focus on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer and diabetes.Methods: We performed a narrative review consisting of scholarly papers published between 1960 until 2018.Results: CVD risk differs by country of origin, country of destination and duration of residence. For example, stroke is more common in sub-Sahara African and South-Asian migrants, but lower in North African and Chinese migrants. Chinese migrants, however, have a higher risk of haemorrhagic stroke despite the lower rate of overall stroke. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is more common in South-Asian migrants, but less common in sub-Saharan and north African migrants although the lower risk of CHD in these population is waning. Diabetes risk is higher in all migrants and migrants seem to develop diabetes at an earlier age than the host populations. Migrants in general have lower rates of overall cancer morbidity and mortality than the host populations in Europe. However, migrants have a higher infectious disease-related cancers than the host populations in Europe. In North America, the picture is more complex. Data from cross-national comparisons indicate that migration-related lifestyle changes associated with the lifestyle of the host population in the country of settlement may influence NCDs risk among migrants in a very significant way.Conclusion: With exception of diabetes, which is consistently higher in all migrant groups than in the host populations, the burden of NCDs among migrants seems to depend on the migrant group, country of settlement and NCD type. This suggests that more work is needed to disentangle the key migration-related lifestyle changes and contextual factors that may be driving the differential risk of NCDs among migrants in order to assist prevention and clinical management of NCDs in these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent data suggest that the risk of young-onset colorectal cancer (yCRC), in adults less than 50 years of age, is increasing. To confirm findings and identify contemporary trends worldwide, we conducted a systematic review of studies examining population-level trends in yCRC epidemiology.Methods: We searched MEDLINE (1946-2018), EMBASE (1974-2018), CINAHL (1982-2018), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2005-2018) for studies that used an epidemiologic design, assessed trends in yCRC incidence or prevalence, and published in English. Extracted information included country, age cut-off for yCRC, and reported trends in incidence or prevalence (e.g. annual percent change [APC]). We pooled similarly reported trend estimates using random effects models.Results: Our search yielded 8695 articles and after applying our inclusion criteria, we identified 40 studies from 12 countries across five continents. One study assessed yCRC prevalence trends reporting an APCp of + 2.6 and + 1.8 among 20-39 and 40-49 year olds, respectively. 39 studies assessed trends in yCRC incidence but with substantial variability in reporting. Meta-analysis of the most commonly reported trend estimate yielded a pooled overall APCi of + 1.33 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.68; p < 0.0001) that is largely driven by findings from North America and Australia. Also contributing to these trends is the increasing risk of rectal cancer as among 14 studies assessing cancer site, nine showed an increased risk of rectal cancer in adults less than 50 years with APCi up to + 4.03 (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Our systematic review highlights increasing yCRC risk in North America and Australia driven by rising rectal cancers in younger adults over the past two decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]