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Aim: This paper is part of a larger doctoral study that investigated the impact of nationality on the job satisfaction of nurses and their intentions to leave Saudi Arabian government hospitals. The paper aims to gain an understanding of the impact of expatriate status on nurses' perceptions, by comparing the factors that influence job satisfaction among Saudi nurses to those that affect nurses recruited from other countries. Background: Job satisfaction is a known predictor of nurse retention. Although there is a broad understanding of the factors that affect job satisfaction, little is known about how these vary between home and expatriate nurses working in countries which rely on a multicultural migrant workforce. Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach was taken, in which 26 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nurses selected from different nationalities, all of whom were working in Saudi Arabian hospitals. Eight participants were Saudi Arabian, six Filipino, four Indian, four South African, two Jordanian and two Malaysian. Findings: Five themes were identified that differentiated the perceptions of expatriates regarding their job satisfaction from those of the home nurses: separation from family, language and communication, fairness of remuneration, moving into the future and professionalism. Conclusion: Focusing on the enhancement of job satisfaction experienced by expatriate nurses can result in a healthier work environment and greater retention of these nurses. Implications for nursing and nursing policy: To enhance nurse retention, policy makers in countries with migrant nurses should address their socio‐economic needs. This includes providing both greater access to their dependent family members, and language lessons and cultural orientation to reduce linguistic and cultural challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To examine the nature of the interruptions during medication work. Design An exploratory descriptive design was used with 28 nurses during 15 medication rounds in the medical, surgical, and gynecology wards at a 1000‐bed tertiary teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Non‐participant prospective observational and follow‐up interview methods were used to collect data. A standard paper‐based tool and digital stopwatch to count the interruptions were used. Nurses' sources, the secondary tasks undertaken, and the impacts of the interruptions were considered. The data were analyzed via descriptive analysis. Results: A total of 87 medication‐related events occurred. In these, 182 interruptions accounted for 90.0% of the total. Interruptions were more frequent during medication administration and often occurred in the corridors and patients' rooms. Nurses, medical officers, and impediments were frequent sources of interruptions. The secondary tasks attended by the nurses were mostly related with impediment resolutions and patients' needs. System failures appeared to be associated with clinical and procedural errors. Conclusion: The results of this study provide information regarding the course of interruptions during medication work in a Saudi Arabian hospital. Nurses were the main source of interruptions related with the provision of patient care and resolution of impediments. Interruptions tended to be associated with clinical errors and procedural failures due to system failure. Promoting a culture of respect and workplace etiquette in global healthcare settings demands minimizing non‐life‐threatening interruptions during nursing works. Clinical relevance: Strategies used in hospital management systems that affect nursing, pharmacies, human resources, and ancillary service department collaborations should be monitored for effectiveness and to ensure patient safety. Various approaches toward medication management systems, such as the utilization of an Omnicell automatic dispensing machine and cabinets within each patient's room, as well as others, such as wearing a "no‐interruption zone" sign, could be tailored and matched to the context of the practice to reduce interruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the clinical working experiences of Saudi nurses during the novel Coronavirus outbreak, identify the challenges and determine how these challenges affect their nursing practice. Background: From the current experience of working during the novel Coronavirus outbreak, it is statistically significant to identify the challenges that nurses in Saudi Arabia face in their clinical practice and determine how these challenges affected their practice. Designs: A qualitative descriptive study. Methods: An in‐depth interview with eight Registered Nurses in Saudi Arabia who worked in areas where the novel Coronavirus patients are treated were conducted between 10 and 23 April. Results: The following eight major themes were identified from this study: physical exhaustion, fear of infection, providing care with uncertainty, uncomfortable use of personal protective equipment, missed nursing care, prolonged procedures, lack of guidance during the outbreak and lack of managerial support. Conclusion: The results suggest that nurses' leaders should take active roles in empowering nursing staff. The absence of direct monitoring for nursing performance during their practice compromises patient safety and jeopardises the quality of care through missed nursing care. This study also revealed that nurses who worked during the outbreak need psychological support that can enhance their emotional resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CLEREHAN R., MCCALL L., MCKENNA L. & ALSHAHRANI K. (2012) Saudi Arabian nurses' experiences of studying Masters degrees in Australia. International Nursing Review 59, 215-221 Aim: This paper presents findings from a study which explored a group of Saudi Arabian nurses' experiences of studying for a Masters degree in Australia. Background: Arab states in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia in particular, have high expatriate nursing populations, and governments in the region have allocated considerable funding to up-skilling their health workforce, often at Western universities. However, there has been little research into the learning experiences of nursing students from Middle East nations. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Middle Eastern students undertaking Masters courses in a School of Nursing and Midwifery at one Australian university were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Ten Saudi students participated and data were analysed using content analysis. Findings: Students experienced challenges related to the transition to very different forms of study; to managing relationships and family. They were resourceful, employing strategies to manage multiple demands, including differences in culture, and stressed the significance of strong personal relationships with staff. Students acknowledged being changed, even transformed, by their experience, and saw themselves as future change agents. Conclusion: Highly skilled local nursing professionals are being sought in many Middle Eastern countries and may undertake post-graduate studies in Western contexts quite different from their own. Students reported that, in spite of difficulties, their experience prompted transformational change: intellectually, psychologically and developmentally. It is necessary for staff to understand expectations and learning preferences of these students to ensure fruitful learning outcomes and benefits to nursing in their home countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The death of a child is regarded as one of the most devastating events for a family. Families are reliant on nurses to not only provide end‐of‐life care but also to support and care for grieving families in a way that is sensitive to their cultural and religious needs and preferences. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the perceived impact and influence of cultural diversity on how neonatal and paediatric intensive care nurses care for Muslim families before and after the death of infants/children. Design A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study, conducted in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were used to gather data from a convenience sample of registered nurses working in neonatal and paediatric intensive care, with experience in providing end‐of‐life care. Interviews were conducted between July and November, 2018. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed for analysis. Results: Thirteen registered nurses participated; all were born overseas, identified with various faiths and spoke English in the workplace. A respect for diversity and care of the family was prioritized yet impacted by communication challenges. Caring and respect was demonstrated by facilitating important cultural and religious practices important in the Muslim faith. Self‐care was identified as important, transcending the culturally diverse nature of the nursing workforce. Conclusions: Significant challenges exist for a culturally diverse nursing workforce in providing care to a Saudi Muslim population of infants/children and families, before and after a death. Their overriding commitment to respect for others, and an openness to cultural diversity and difference, aided in overcoming the inherent challenges in providing culturally sensitive end‐of‐life care that meets the needs of Muslim families. These findings provide valuable insights for intensive care clinicians in other countries to address challenges associated with cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]