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The Canadian International Food Security Research Fund programme supported research and scaling up of nutrition‐ and gender‐sensitive agriculture innovations from 2009 to 2018. Women and girls were identified as agents of change and were targeted as the main programme beneficiaries. Projects were implemented in 25 countries through multistakeholder partnerships among universities, research institutions, public and private sectors, and civil society groups, reaching over 78 million people, mainly women and children. Approaches specific to nutrition included growing more nutritious crops, improving dietary diversity, value added processing, food fortification, and nutrition education. Scale‐up for impact was achieved through a number of pathways that started with evidence through rigorous research, followed by a combination of elements such as understanding local and regional contexts to identify specific bottlenecks and opportunities for the deployment and adoption of successful innovations, selecting politically effective or influential partners to lead the scaling up process, and investing in long‐term local capacity and leadership building. Overall, the knowledge generated in the programme indicate that well‐designed nutrition‐sensitive agriculture and food‐based interventions can have meaningful impacts on pathways that will lead to better health and well‐being of women and children through improving household and individual access to nutrient‐rich foods. Longer intervention times are needed to demonstrate changes in health indicators such as reduced stunting. This overview paper summarises the programme and showcases examples from studies that demonstrate the impact pathway for nutrition interventions that encompass efficacy and effectiveness studies, value‐added processing, cost effectiveness of interventions, and bringing a proven intervention to scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author comments on a study by Jessri and colleagues, which explores the role of religion and cultural beliefs in breastfeeding behaviors of immigrant women. She discusses that the study underscores the importance of value conflicts in nutrition behavior, and highlights the lack of awareness about breastfeeding advantages. She commends the qualitative methodology used by the authors and opines that the findings emphasizes on early introduction of complementary foods.

Examines the geographical history of Canada. Population; Culture; Establishment of the Canadian Association of Geographers.

Background: This study aims to explore the conceptualization of intimate partner violence (IPV) among men and women from diverse subpopulations in Toronto, ON, Canada. Relatively few research efforts have been made to examine differences in conceptualizations of IPV across populations of different race and ethnic backgrounds. Methods: Using concept mapping methodology, we sampled 67 women and men identified concepts and groups of concepts (domains) that reflected their understandings of the behaviours and attitudes that comprised IPV. We also determined the relative importance of each concept and domain as a contributor to IPV. Results: ‘External and Cultural Influences’, ‘Victim Response to Abuse’ and ‘Social and Emotional Manipulation’ were a few domains that participants rated as moderately or highly important contributors to IPV. These conceptual domains are often left out of commonly used IPV measures. Conclusions: Our findings have important implications for the conceptualization of IPV and for future IPV measurement and measurement tool development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore from the Middle-Eastern mothers' perspective, the experience of breastfeeding and their perceptions of attributes of the health care system, community and society on their feeding decisions after migration to Canada. New immigrant mothers from the Middle East ( n = 22) were recruited from community agencies in Edmonton, Canada. Qualitative data were collected through four focus groups using an ethnographic approach to guide concurrent data collection and analysis. Survey data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics via pre-tested questionnaires. All mothers, but one who was medically exempt, breastfed their infants from birth and intended to continue for at least 2 years. Through constant comparison of data, five layers of influence emerged which described mothers' process of decision making: culture/society, community, health care system, family/friends and mother-infant dyad. Religious belief was an umbrella theme that was woven throughout all discussions and it was the strongest determining factor for choosing to breastfeed. However, cultural practices promoted pre-lacteal feeding and hence, jeopardising breastfeeding exclusivity. Although contradicted in Islamic tradition, most mothers practised fasting during breastfeeding because of misbeliefs about interpretations regarding these rules. Despite high rates of breastfeeding, there is a concern of lack of breastfeeding exclusivity among Middle-Eastern settlers in Canada. To promote successful breastfeeding in Muslim migrant communities, interventions must occur at different levels of influence and should consider religious beliefs to ensure cultural acceptability. Practitioners may support exclusive breastfeeding through cultural competency, and respectfully acknowledging Islamic beliefs and cultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the role of the anthropologist in the context of local ideas about what we do, and a notable difference between the positive attitudes to our work in the author's long-standing field sites of Japan, and the more negative ones found in recent research in the culture centres of people who call themselves Indigenous, particularly in Canada. It draws on the history of anthropology in Japan, as well as the practice of the recent experience, to analyse the nature and properties of the field site and to propose ways of building common ground for the processes of objectification and subjectification that take place there. A review of proposals that have emerged for a new anthropology paves the way for some ideas about how anthropologists might build bridges towards re-establishing good relationships with our former collaborators, then better known as informants. Résumé Le présent article aborde le rôle de l'anthropologue dans le contexte des idées locales sur ce qu'il fait. L'auteure s'intéresse à une différence notable entre les attitudes positives qu'il y a eu vis-à-vis de son travail au Japon, son terrain de longue date, et celles plus négatives qu'elle a observées lors de ses recherches récentes dans les centres culturels de peuples qui se présentent comme « indigènes », en particulier au Canada. À partir de l'histoire de l'anthropologie au Japon et de son expérience récente, l'auteure analyse la nature et les propriétés du terrain et propose des manières de constituer un « terrain d'entente » pour les processus d'objectivation et de subjectivation qui s'y déroulent. Un examen des propositions qui se font jour pour une nouvelle anthropologie conduit à formuler plusieurs idées sur la manière dont les anthropologues peuvent jeter des passerelles pour rétablir de bonnes relations avec leurs anciens collaborateurs, ceux qu'ils appelaient alors leurs « informateurs ». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A content analysis of material generated by the 1994–1995 foreign policy review process in Canada was conducted in an effort to understand how culture came to be officially constituted as the third pillar of Canadian foreign policy. The analysis showed significant differences among actors in terms of modes of legitimization of cultural diplomacy. State agents, by refusing to consider culture as a referent object in a broadened notion of security and by assimilating it into a system of civic values, resisted pressures from academics and groups that favored introducing societal conceptions of culture as relevant for the making o f foreign policy. The result is nevertheless a new, albeit defensive and still ambiguous, form of implication of foreign policy in the cultural mission of the state in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Population & Development Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)