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The article describes a method for estimating the U.S. government's overall programmatic credit risk exposure that recognizes the covariance across its guarantee programs. The government is urged to have a capital reserve for covering aggregate losses that is lower than the sum of the capital reserves appropriate for each separate guarantee program. Also presented is evidence of loss distributions of government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) in the context of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

China is both a major trading partner of the United States and the largest official holder of U.S. assets in the world. The value of Chinese foreign exchange reserves peaked at just over $4 trillion in June 2014 but has since declined to $3.19 trillion (as of August 2016). This very large decline in foreign exchange reserves is unprecedented, and some analysts have speculated that continued sales of these (mostly U.S.) assets might significantly impact the U.S. and global economies. This article explains the reasons for this large decline in official assets, China's available policy choices, and how these choices could affect the U.S. economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The buildup of reserves in the US. banking system during the financial crisis has fueled concerns that the Federal Reserve's policies may have failed to stimulate the flow of credit in the economy: banks, it appears, are amassing funds rather than lending them out. However, a careful examination of the balance sheet effects of central bank actions shows that the high level of reserves is simply a by-product of the Fed's new lending facilities and asset purchase programs. The total quantity of reserves in the banking system reflects the scale of the Fed's policy initiatives, but conveys no information about the initiatives' effects on bank lending or on the economy more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argues that reserve requirement ratio changes should not be viewed simply as a tool for monetary policy or as a tool used to directly alter the liquidity of financial institutions in the U.S. Criticism of the notion that higher reserve requirements lead to greater safety and lower default risk for depository institutions; Evidence on the 1992 reserve requirement ration changes and perceived bank safety; Relationship between reserve requirement changes and monetary policy.

Presents charts depicting international transactions of the U.S. Statistics on foreign trade; Data on the reserve assets; Liabilities to other countries.

Presents charts on financial statistics in the U.S. Tables depicting the federal reserve and money stock; Absorption of reserve funds; Statistics on interest rates.

Presents charts depicting domestic financial statistics of the United States for the period 2000-2001. Reserves, money stocks and debt measures; Reserves of deposit; Data on Federal Reserve bank transactions; Assets and liabilities of commercial banks in the United States.

Presents statistics on domestic finance in the United States as of April 2001. Reserves, money stock, and debt measures in 2000; Reserves of depository institutions and reserve bank credit from November 2000 to January 2001; Reserves and borrowings from December 1998 to January 2001; Federal reserve bank interest rates; Reserve requirements of depository institutions; Federal reserve open market transactions from 1998 to 2000.

Presents domestic financial statistics compiled by the United States Federal Reserve as of October 2000. Reserves, money stock and debt measures; Reserves of depository institutions and reserve bank credit; Federal Reserve Bank interest rates; Reserves and borrowings; Federal Reserve open market transactions; Reserve requirements of depository institutions.

Reports on the United States Open Market operations during 1999. Implementation of the Federal Open Market Committee; Factors affecting the supply of and required demands for Federal Reserve balances; Reserve management; Excess reserves and the Federal fund rates.

Presents several charts representing financial and business statistics in the United States from January 1999 to February 2000. Includes 1999 quarterly monetary or credit aggregate; Average daily figures of reserves by million dollars in depository institutions and reserve banks; Federal reserve open market transactions and maturity.

Presents statistics pertaining to domestic finance in the United States as of February 2000. Includes reserves, money stock and debt measures; Reserves of depository institutions and Reserve Bank credit; Federal Reserve Bank interest rates.

Presents charts that illustrate the financial condition of the United States (US), provided by the US Federal Reserve as of February 1999. Reserves, money stock, liquid assets and debt measures; Reserves of depository institutions and reserve bank credit; Reserves and borrowings.

Presents several tabular presentations on reserves, money stock, liquid assets and debt measures. Federal Reserve Open Market Transactions; Aggregate Reserves of depository institutions and monetary base; Deposit interest rates and amounts outstanding; Commercial Banks in the United States.

Describes and constructs a measure of changes in required reserves caused by changes in reserve requirement ratios for the United States from 1929 through 1993. History of adjustment factors; Construction of reserve step index; Comparison of reserve step index (RS) and Saint Louis Federal Reserve Bank's Reserve Adjustment Measure (RAM). INSET: Frost's logarithmic adjustment factor..

Reports developments of the Federal Reserve System in the U.S. Strength of business capital; Implementation of the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA); Amendments to the disclosure requirements of the HMDA.

Presents the reserve and balance requirements used by the Federal Reserve Banks. Components of the demand for reserves; Components of the supply for reserves; Technical factors affecting nonborrowed reserves.