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Reports that the New York City-based Gould Paper Corp. has consolidated its New York Business Products Division and its Pennsylvania Business Communication Papers Division. Appointment of Robert Simone as chairman of the combined company Gould Office Papers.

This article presents the minutes of the executive committee meetings of the American Economic Association in New York City and Pennsylvania. On April 16, 2004, association secretary John J. Siegfried presented a proposal to spread the seven 6-year appointments to the Honors & Awards Committee over six years, with each president appointing one member to the committee and one president every sixth year appointing two members. The second meeting of the executive committee in January 2005 discussed the association's possible cooperation with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and economic associations from OECD countries in organizing a one-time meeting in Paris, France.

This article uses American merchants' papers to identify the leading English textile exporters to New York and Philadelphia (1750–1805). It shows that Yorkshire and Lancashire took the initiative from London after 1783. The north's ascendancy stemmed from refinements to a well-functioning trading system rather than from the creation of wholly new channels of trade. The emergent exporters of Leeds and Manchester were driven as much by the dictates of sales as of manufacturing; their factory investments were just one component of a series of connections with production. American importers retained their role as intermediaries between English exporters and backcountry retailers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper details an automated object-oriented approach to mapping landforms from digital elevation models (DEMs), using the example of drumlins in the Chautauqua drumlin field in NW Pennsylvania and upstate New York. Object-oriented classification is highly desirable as it can identify specific shapes in datasets based on both the pixel values in a raster dataset and the contextual information between pixels and extracted objects. The methodology is built specifically for application to the USGS 30m resolution DEM data, which are freely available to the public and of sufficient resolution to map medium scale landforms. Using the raw DEM data, as well as derived aspect and slope, Definiens Developer (v.7) was used to perform multiresolution segmentation, followed by rule-based classification in order to extract individual polygons that represent drumlins. Drumlins obtained by automated extraction were visually and statistically compared to those identified via manual digitization. Detailed morphometric descriptive statistics such as means, ranges, and standard deviations were inspected and compared for length, width, elongation ratio, area, and perimeter. Although the manual and automated results were not always statistically identical, a more detailed comparison of just the drumlins identified by both procedures showed that the automated methods easily matched the manual digitization. Differences in the two methods related to mapping compound drumlins, and smaller and larger drumlins. The automated method generally identified more features in these categories than the manual method and thus outperformed the manual method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Allium leafminer, Phytomyza gymnostoma Loew, is the newest invasive pest of allium crops in North America. Larvae initially feed in the upper canopy before mining toward the base of the plant to pupate. Crop loss occurs when larvae destroy vascular tissue, facilitating infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens that cause rot. Contamination also occurs when larvae and pupae are present at harvest. In response to this invasion, efficacy of 14 insecticide active ingredients applied via foliar sprays, transplant treatments, and drip chemigation was evaluated for managing P. gymnostoma. Multiple field studies were conducted in onions, leeks, and scallions in Pennsylvania and New York, United States in 2018 and 2019. The highest and most consistent levels of P. gymnostoma control occurred using foliar applications of dinotefuran, cyantraniliprole and spinetoram (84–89% reduction in damage; 95% reduction in P. gymnostoma densities). Despite the success of dinotefuran and cyantraniliprole applied as foliar sprays, neither was effective in controlling P. gymnostoma when administered via drip chemigation. Other foliar-applied insecticides that significantly reduced densities of P. gymnostoma in one or two experiments included abamectin, acetamiprid, cyromazine, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, methomyl, and spinosad. Active ingredients that never controlled P. gymnostoma included azadirachtin, kaolin clay, pyrethrin, and spirotetramat. Spinosad applied to bare-root and plug-tray transplants immediately before transplanting reduced P. gymnostoma damage in the field by >90%. Implications of using these insecticides and application strategies are discussed within the context of developing a sustainable IPM program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bank notes were the largest component of the antebellum money supply despite losses as high as 5 percent in some years. Using a comprehensive bank-level panel of note discounts in New York City and Philadelphia, I explain this contradiction by showing that the secondary market reduced losses by accurately discounting notes based on their individual risk of default. Note discounts were almost exclusively sensitive to those factors which increased a bank's probability of default: specie suspensions, falling bond prices, and undiversified portfolios. Thus, by accounting for a bank's composition and environment, the market protected noteholders and allowed notes to circulate throughout the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents brief information about events such as the February 3-May 13, 2012 exhibition "Finding God in Difficult Times: A Selection of Soldiers' Bibles" at the Museum of Biblical Art in New York City, April 19-21 conference "Early Modern Migrations: Exiles, Expulsion, and Religious Refugees 1400-1700" at the University of Toronto's Victoria College in Canada, and January 27-April 15, 2013 exhibition "Henry Ossawa Tanner: Modern Spirit" at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.

A New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health (NYCAMH) study surveyed 294 dairy farms in New York, Pennsylvania, and Vermont. The study utilized a quarterly telephone survey to assess the proportion of Spanish-speaking workers on these farms, and also to contrast the hazard level of work tasks and prevalence of lost work time between Spanish- and English-speaking workers. The total workforce followed in the study was comprised of 14.4 percent Spanish-speaking workers, with larger farms having a higher proportion than smaller farms (19.9% versus 4.6%, respectively). Of the 294 farms., 22.5 percent had at least one Spanish-speaking worker, which differed, greatly between larger and smaller farms (5 I .5% versus 7.3%). Spanish workers were significantly younger, worked significantly longer hours and had significantly fewer years of employment than their English-speaking counterparts. Work hour differences were more pronounced on the larger farms. Lost work time, due to on-farm injuries, did not differ between the Hispanic workers and the non-Hispanic workers. After correcting for both age and length of farm employment, Spanish-speaking workers were far less likely to perform managerial functions than their English-speaking counterparts (OR = .22 p < .01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the magazine "Harper's Weekly," a popular illustrated magazine which began publication in 1850. The changes in the demographics of society, the industrialization of the major cities and the labor conflicts and spread of large corporations provided material for the largely conservative magazine. In depth analyses of the immigrants, industries and technological developments in major urban areas such as New York City and Pennsylvania were provided. The magazine presented a variety of thoughts and impressions, which represented the diversification felt throughout the country.

The article presents information on the author's training in neuropathology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, and at the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, under an international exchange program. He is glad to have worked with eminent neuropathologists Harry M. Zimmerman and Robert D. Terry. This institutional diversity gave him an insight into and knowledge of different institutions of neuropathology and also an opportunity for interinstitutional collaboration.