Search

Aim: to provide a literature review of the current conсepts on phenotypic heterogeneity of left ventricular (LV) remodeling in heart failure (HF), and highlight the significance of such a diversity for an implementation of personalized patients` management. This paper is a second part of the review, devoted to the current state of pathophysiology of LV remodeling in HF. Material and methods. The thematic scientific papers, published predominantly during the last decade, constituted the study material. The research methodology involved bibliosemantic method and structural and logical analysis. Results and discussion. HF is a heterogeneous, multifactorial and rising epidemic syndrome. To date, the LV ejection fraction (EF) is used as a substantial criterion for HF classification and management. However, the existing research data has revealed the significant overlapping between different LV EF-based HF patterns in terms of the risk factors, comorbidities and disease modifiers; bidirectional transitions of LV EF due to disease treatment and progression; myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction; effectiveness of neurohumoral inhibitors etc. Moreover, the «spectrum» paradigm has been recently proposed, positioning HF as a spectrum across different phenotypes. Particularly, each HF phenotype is the result of a patient-specific trajectory, being an exceptional and unique «track» for the heart transition towards different remodeling patterns. The HF phenotyping may be an innovative approach to the study of myocardial remodeling and HF, which is potentially an important prerequisite for the development of individualized patients` treatment. Personalized medicine can offer the particular options for managing HF patients, that, in turn, will better identify responders, non-responders, and those at high risk of adverse events, and ultimately improve of the treatment efficacy and safety. Conclusions. The baseline heterogeneity of the structural and functional patients` characteristics, including those describing the LV remodeling, and their dynamic change over time, creates a spectrum across overlapping HF phenotypes, challenging a categorical HF classification based solely on LV EF. Such an approach to treat the HF phenotypic heterogeneity may provide further insights into the pathomechanisms, related to LV remodeling in HF, and has the potential to improve the personalized patients` management.

In this paper, a data storage data warehouse is designed to store collected data from social networks. Creating indexes with data and selecting a configuration with the appropriate number of shards and replicas is described – the primary states of the cluster and possibilities of its scaling. The features of working with the non-relational Elasticsearch database are described when working with data on user activity in social network posts. Among social networks, Facebook and Instagram were chosen for analysis. The paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of using such a data store compared to Apache Kafka. Analysed existing data insertion Application Program Interfaces (APIs) and data visualisation tools integrated with Elasticsearch. The study describes the use of the Bulk API to insert many records at once into a database. The designed data warehouse uses Kibana, a data visualisation and analytics tool integrated with the selected database. Also, it is shown the ability to insert and view logs using Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana (ELK stack). Tested data ingest by logging into the database using Beats. The obtained results can help implement a system for analysing user activities from social network data based on Elasticsearch as a central component.

Why traditional games and how to transform them into powerful psycho-social and holistic instruments in Positive Group Therapy? The paper aims at looking at the space that Positive Transcultural Psychotherapy [PPT after N. Peseschkian, since 1977]TM can provide for the Positum MGS approach in utilizing traditional and transcultural games with a psycho-social aim in groups. Pandemics, wars and natural disasters such as earthquakes – among many other traumatic events – can result in forced displacement and migration for masses of populations, including children, and have severe consequences in the holistic health of affected people. The paper looks at the foundations of Positive Group Therapy, its interaction with the Positum MGS approach within it, and the value they can create for healing trauma in groups when integrating such tools as traditional games. The paper analised the research and practice in the field, demonstrating the great value of traditional and transcultural games in strengthening the identity and sense of belonging, as key resources for building resilience for individuals in groups and through group work sparked by traditional games transformed into psycho-social ones. The features, principles and strategies of the Positum MGS approach within the framework of PPT are further explained, and cases of practical application from recent years are discussed in the light of theoretical concepts of Positum MGS and PPT.

This article examines the concept of integrated sustainability management and its relationship with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG). Although CSR is a normative concept that requires companies to be responsible for their participation in society from an ethical perspective, ESG helps measure and quantify these efforts, primarily through investment criteria. The paper identifies that sustainability reporting (SDR) can bring financial, reputational, risk management and strategic benefits to companies, and more companies recognize the importance of sustainability reporting and making it a priority in their business practices. This study presented grouped classifications of the benefits of ESG disclosure in corporate reporting. The main problems faced by Ukrainian companies during the implementation of ESG criteria in their activities are highlighted, in particular: limited awareness and lack of understanding of ESG issues, lack of standardized ESG reporting, improper disclosure of ESG information, weak compliance with existing regulations, insufficient coverage of ESG issues in mass media information, etc. This article also suggests some measures that should be taken to solve the mentioned problems. The paper highlights the relationship between sustainability and financial performance, a widely debated topic. Some argue that implementing sustainability practices can have a positive impact on a company's financial performance in the long term, while others argue that sustainability practices can have a negative short-term impact on financial performance. In addition, the analysis of major meta-reviews that analyze and summarize research findings on the relationship between ESG reporting and financial performance is highlighted. These meta-reviews show that there is indeed a positive relationship between these metrics, although the strength of the relationship may vary depending on a number of factors, including industry, geographic location, and company size.

Mastitis is a common cause of reduced dairy productivity in cows and poor milk quality. This paper considers a set of approaches based on microbiological studies and risk analysis aimed at reducing the number of cows with mastitis and improving milk quality. The study is aimed at examining microbial agents isolated from the milk of sick cows and means of ensuring udder health, and identifying the main dangers that arise due to errors in the implementation of mastitis prevention measures. The study included microbiological tests of milk, wipes and udder dipping using chromogenic media. For a qualitative risk assessment, a survey of consulting managers and veterinarians was conducted. The paper presents the results of microbiological tests of 115 samples of milk, 45 reusable napkins, and 111 samples of udder dips using conventional and chromogenic media. The most common microorganisms in milk samples were Streptococcus spp. 34.4% (S. agalactiae and S. disgalactiae), Staphylococcus aureus 31.1%, and Escherichia coli 28.9%. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. it is associated with infectious mastitis, and Escherichia coli – with sanitary mastitis. To reduce the incidence of mastitis, it is important to apply targeted measures aimed at various categories of pathogens. Udder wipes were contaminated with pathogens associated with the development of mastitis. The use of laundry detergent containing bactericidal components is crucial to minimise contamination of reusable udder wipes. Among the dips under study, 40.6% of the samples had a complete bactericidal effect, and 9.9% had no bactericidal effect. 3 factors of high risk of environmental mastitis and 6 factors of sanitary mastitis were identified. The results of the studies were tested on two dairy farms. Correction of high-risk risk factors led to an increase in the quality of milk in terms of somatic cells and the number of bacteria. The results obtained can be useful for improving the system of prevention and optimisation of mastitis treatment on dairy farms

Introduction. The significance of methods and algorithms for solving discrete optimization problems in mathematical supporting computer technologies of diverse levels and objectives is increasing. Consequently, the efficacy of discrete optimization methods deserves particular attention, as it drives the advancement of techniques capable of solving complex real-world problems. This paper introduces the Global Equilibrium Search (GES) method as a highly effective approach for solving Boolean programming problems, thus contributing to the field's progress and applicability. Purpose. We describe the successful application of the approximate probabilistic GES method for effectively solving various Boolean programming problems. Results. This paper explores the application of sequential GES algorithms for solving Boolean linear, Boolean quadratic programming, and other related problems with their specific characteristics. In our study, we conducted a comparative analysis to assess the effectiveness of GES algorithms by evaluating them against state-of-the-art approaches. Additionally, to parallelize the optimization process for discrete programming problems, we introduced algorithm unions, specifically portfolios, and teams. The efficiency of GES algorithm portfolios and teams is investigated by solving the maximum weighted graph cut problem, with subsequent comparisons to identify distinctions between them. Conclusions. Based on the accumulated experience of applying GES algorithms and their modifications to solve discrete optimization problems, this study establishes the GES method as the leading approximate approach for Boolean programming. The results demonstrate the GES algorithm unions experience a significant boost in the optimization process speed, whereas algorithm teams demonstrate higher efficiency.

This study considers TED talks as an effective authentic resource for mastering English. The purpose of the article is to outline a methodology for using TED talks in teaching English for specific purposes (ESP) at the university level. To achieve this goal, we set the following objectives: to introduce and describe the steps of utilizing TED talks, as well as provide examples to each step. We applied a number of methods which helped to fulfil the task of the paper. They include establishing the cognitive and educational value of ESP and its place in the system of university education; defining the tasks and its content of the discipline; developing methodical means and organizational forms of training according to these tasks and content. TED talks are informative presentations delivered by experts in their fields. They provide a great opportunity for language teachers to incorporate authentic listening and speaking tasks in their teaching methods. A welldesigned lesson plan that utilizes TED talks as a teaching tool can benefit ESP students in various ways. The methodology of incorporating TED talks in the teaching process should involve a series of steps that aim to maximize effective learning outcomes. These steps include selecting the theme of the talk, searching the TED talk, delivering the speech, designing pre-listening and post-listening activities. The article presents examples of exercises that can be done at each step with reference to specific TED talks from the site https:// ed.ted.com. The first step ensures that the chosen TED talks are suitable and engaging. Teachers can provide students with choices and allow them to vote. The aim of the second step is to support students’ understanding of the TED talk. The third step develops listening comprehension skills. The fourth step engages and promotes students’ active listening skills. The fifth step helps to develop skills of discourse analysis. The video content that the teacher chooses for the lesson should correspond to the professional interests of students. In such a way this video will be able to increase the motivation to study not only a foreign language but also specialized disciplines. The work with TED talks, however, differs from ordinary academic lectures and presentations. Thus, it requires special training of both the teacher and students. Firstly, students` level of English is an important factor defining the choice of a lecture. The teacher considers the level of listening skills, knowledge of the topic, and terminology. Secondly, it is important to take into account the duration of the presentation. If students are not familiar with the topic, they can have some difficulties with comprehension. Therefore, they will need to listen to the lecture twice. So, the preferable length of the video should be about 5-6 minutes. Incorporating TED talks as a teaching tool in English for Specific Purposes can be a highly effective way of promoting active learning in the classroom. TED talks are a source of authentic and relevant topics for students to engage in while providing a more enjoyable and efficient way of learning. The methodology of using videos from the resource has clear benefits. They include improving comprehension skills, vocabulary acquisition, note-taking, and speaking skills. By following the steps mentioned in this paper, lecturers can deliver enriching, pedagogical sessions that will provide students with a foundation to become successful professionals in their respective fields.

The issue of the relationships between anxiety and aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been dealt with in this article. The relevance of the chosen topic is beyond doubt, since social problems based on psychological factors are especially relevant during the war. It is substantiated that a change in the usual living conditions leads to a significant increase in anxiety and aggressiveness among women. In this paper, the attention is paid specifically to the study of anxiety and manifestation of aggressiveness by women who are in war conditions. It is worth noting that currently in the psychological and social literature, the number of publications about the problem of anxiety is increasing, since anxiety occupies a special place, as it often leads to a decrease in work capacity, productivity, difficulties in communication, etc. It has been found out that the level of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive women’s behaviour in the war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. The results of the analysis and generalization of scientific sources are presented in this paper. It has been identified that the problem of anxiety and aggressiveness is one of the topical issues of modern psychology. The need for timely identification and work with the anxiety, anxious behaviour and aggressiveness of women in war conditions and after military aggression has been emphasized. The analysis of the questionnaire conducted among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been carried out, and the degree of their influence on women’s daily lives and life activities in war time has been determined. The purpose of this work is theoretical substantiation and empirical study of the specific of the relationships between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressive behaviour of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The object of this study is the anxiety of Ukrainian women in war conditions, whereas the subject of this study is the character of the relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The conceptual hypothesis of this research lies in the assumption of the presence of significant relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions, and it has been fully confirmed. Considering the influence of war conditions on the anxiety and aggressiveness of Ukrainian women, the relationship between the mentioned psychological categories has been claimed. It has been revealed that the state of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive behaviour of women in war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. According to the results of this study, there have been identified those significant relationships between indicators of anxiety and certain forms of aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions. It is substantiated that the high level of manifestation of anxiety is caused by certain psychological features. It has been found out that the increase in the level of anxiety, indicators of family anxiety and anxious behaviour is associated with an increase in the level of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women. The practical significance lies in the fact that the obtained results can be used by employees of psychological services, practical psychologists during counselling at various stages of psychotherapeutic work with women in war conditions.

Objectives The main objectives of this paper are to define the issues related to a search for a drowned corpse, fishing it out and procedures to take evidence when the victim’s body has not been found. Material and methods A case analysis was performed in which the criminal covered up traces by drowning the corpse. An extensive study in this regard was conducted covering 500 criminal cases concluded with a final and binding judgement. Finding a corpse in a lake 24 years after the crime is a case described in detail in this paper. The authors obtained the consent of the District Prosecutor and the District Court in Olsztyn for publishing the case materials. Results Neither the process of the corpse search nor fishing it out were carried out properly in the case under study. The large number of search attempts was caused by poor coordination of the search groups and by using unsuitable tools. Most methods were ineffective given the small size of the package resting on the water reservoir bed. Conclusions A search for a drowned corpse requires good cooperation between the search team and law enforcement authorities and later with forensic medicine specialists in establishing the cause of death.

Objectives This paper is about to review some key weakness of the Solow model, when it is applied to less developed economics. Material and methods The paper takes the economic data performance for the Chilean economy from1990-2020, focusing in GDP growth, as well as the investment trend given the positive correlation between these variables. A theoretical background of the Solow Model is analyzed in more details, as well as its assumptions , especially those ones : a. Which assumes that production decisions are self-made by the operation efficiency requirement, b. Which make of the supply of labor high elasticity, linked to population growth , a key variable to ensure that given technological progress, output may growth as expected in the C-D production function. c. The role of technological progress in productivity growth given that in a less developed economy, productivity gains, would hardly come up without government support by setting rules and policies dealing with property rights, efficient regulation, tax incentives, and stable economic policies. Results a. The implication of lacking a management variable, meant that the economy would be on its own, far from being capable of coping with all the requirements to sustain economic growth path. b. The Solow Model standard formulation, had important limitations for a less developed economy c. Investment pattern follow a two tier format: „investment creation” and “investment deviation”. Conclusions The evaluation about the Chilean economy outcome up to 2019, was based on the advantages and disadvantages of the neo liberal model principles, without taking into consideration the ill designed microeconomic setting provided by the Solow model to sustain the path of key variables (Economic growth), as an input for public policies design and its right timing and consistency

The article analyses the functioning of the war-time Ukrainian humorous discourse in media communication in general and the cognitive mechanisms of humor, including the ‘Availability Heuristic’ cognitive pattern in particular.’ The study aims to examine twelve Ukrainian war-time jokes and to reveal the main cognitive patterns and accompanying stylistic figures producing the comic effect. All jokes manifest the application of the ‘Availability heuristic’ cognitive pattern inherent to the war period when old pre-war realities are changed with new war-time realities and explained in a funny way. The study addresses some cognitive and pragmatic aspects of war-time Ukrainian humor, focusing on the role of cognitive patterns in selecting stylistic humor devices while processing the incoming information and shaping the cognitive frameworks of humor perception and creation. The paper reveals the main cognitive patterns, including the ‘Availability Heuristic,’ the ‘Distinct contrast,’ ‘Negativity Thinking,’ the ‘Superiority or Illusionary Superiority,’ the ‘Easel,’ and their humorous actualization through such stylistic figures as paraprosdokian, irony, bathos, double entendre, pun, metaphor and pastiche in its narrow meaning. The researched Ukrainian jokes are interwoven with the situational context of the dramatic events within the temporality of the speedy streaming news of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The paper explores the main pragmatic functions of Ukrainian war-time humorous discourse and makes additional remarks about a number of affirmations from some humor theories. The war-time Ukrainian humorous discourse is set against the background of the current cruel Russian-Ukrainian war realities. It differs from the pre-war Ukrainian humorous discourse stylistically, pragmatically, and cognitively.

In this paper, we consider polynomial composites with the coefficients from $K\subset L$. We already know many properties, but we do not know the answer to the question of whether there is a relationship between composites and field extensions. We present the characterization of some known field extensions in terms of polynomial composites. This paper contains the open problem of characterization of ideals in polynomial composites with respect to various field extensions. We also present the full possible characterization of certain field extensions. Moreover, in this paper we show that any finite group is a Galois group of some field extensions and present the inverse Galois problem solved.

This paper is an introduction to a sequence of nonlinear Baskakov-Durrmeyer operators $(NBD_{n})$ of the form \[ (NBD_{n})(f;x) =\int_{0}^\infty K_{n}(x,t,f(t))\,dt \] with $x\in [0,\infty)$ and $n\in\mathbb{N}$. While $K_{n}(x,t,u)$ provide convenient assumptions, these operators work on bounded functions, which are defined on all finite subintervals of $[0,\infty)$. This paper comprise some pointwise convergence results for these operators in certain functional spaces. As well as this study can be seen as a continuation of studies about nonlinear operators, it is the first study on nonlinear Baskakov-Durrmeyer or modified Baskakov operators, while there were more papers on linear part of the operators.

Despite the fact that the development and course of various types of eating disorders, and therefore their treatment, largely depend on the typological characteristics of patients, this aspect has been understudied. The purpose of the study is to review the problem of providing psychological assistance to eating disorder patients with various typological features. Using methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparison, the paper emphasises the importance of typological features of eating disorder patients in providing psychotherapeutic care. Patients with certain personality traits, such as perfectionism, the need for control, and impulsivity, have been found to be prone to eating disorders, while these typological personality traits, along with many others, have been shown to help build treatment strategies for anorexia nervosa, compulsive overeating, and bulimia nervosa. The analysis showed that there are traits specific to certain eating disorders that can be reinforced in overcoming food addiction. The influence of personal characteristics on the choice of psychotherapy strategy and the possibility of forming psychotherapeutic relationships are covered. The importance of typological features of eating disorder patients in the provision of psychotherapeutic care is revealed. To enhance the effectiveness of selecting a psychotherapeutic care strategy and establishing psychotherapeutic relationships, this paper summarises the primary personal characteristics associated with different types of eating disorders. Attention is paid to typical behavioural manifestations in the presence of one of the types of eating disorders. The main prerequisites for the development of a personality prone to dependent behaviour are substantiated. The central perspective on the role of the family in the development of an eating disorder is established. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the findings to expand the understanding of the typological features of patients with food addiction to provide effective psychotherapeutic care.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the transience of changes in the social surrounding requires dynamism and competitiveness from a person, which forces the individual to actively transform the emotional regulation of behaviour, in particular in communication and relationships. However, the adaptive capabilities of a person who is characterised by increased sensitivity to frustration and persistent distrust of others can be considerably limited, and therefore maintaining the mental health of people at risk has become an urgent issue. The purpose of the study is to determine the basis on which character anomalies are formed, to uncover the cause-and-effect relationships in the issue of the development of mental disorders, and to identify possible ways to overcome complications in relationships with the surroundings caused by disturbances in mental activity. At the core of the theoretical and methodological approach lies the combination of methods involving structural-functional analysis of the issue of forming a paranoid personality type and an analytical investigation of the psychological support methods for neuro-mental disorders that affect individual behavioural self-regulation. The empirical basis of the study is questionnaires and diagnostics of the mental states of people prone to personality disorders. The paper clarifies the causes and features of the development of paranoid mental anomalies and the possibilities of prevention and correction of such mental disorders. The presented results reflect the problem of the adaptive capabilities of people with congenital or acquired pathological conditions of the psyche. The paper covers the issues of interaction with the paranoid personality type socially. The most popular concepts of providing psychological assistance are considered. The correctness of the assumption that it is much more difficult for people with a paranoid personality type to cope with frustration and adapt to society is analysed. The results obtained are of practical value for social workers who are engaged in identifying mental health disorders of people at risk and predicting deviant behavioural responses, for practical psychologists who support people with a paranoid personality type, in particular through psychotherapy.

The paper aims to assess changes in the public perceptions of European Union values in Ukraine in the conditions of external aggression. It explores how conflict escalation affects the public views in different groups, and changes attitudes and beliefs regarding adopting European Union values in society. The paper analyses the concepts of value and demonstrates the devaluation of cultural and social values in some population groups. The methodology applies a survey based on online interviews and descriptive statistics methods. The Schwartz methodology in the World Values Survey 2020 is used to create a survey questionnaire. An online survey of Ukrainians’ worldviews of European Union values perceptions was conducted for Ukrainian citizens in all regions except for the territories, occupied in 2022. The survey results highlight the trend of commitment of a major part of Ukrainian citizens to European Union values. The research demonstrates the inconsistencies in the importance and satisfaction of social values and stereotypes, compliance with the law, personal freedom and human rights, level of economic freedom, and commitment to European integration. These contradictions will be resolved through the development of favorable conditions and of beliefs and convictions of people that support the adoption and dissemination of European values.

The paper proposes an algorithm for minimizing the output error of a FIR filter caused by quantization of the results of multiplication operations by optimizing the arrangement of filter cascades. Digital filters are widely used in various fields of science and technology. FIR filters have some advantages over other types of filters. To implement FIR filters, a sequential form is often used, which provides smaller deviations of the zeros of the transfer function. The quantization effect leads to an increase in the output error of the filter, which will depend on the arrangement of the cascades. Choosing the optimal order of the cascades is a difficult challenge, as it belongs to the class of NP-complete problems. The noise model of the sequential form of the FIR filter implementation was chosen. In accordance with the noise model, an algorithm for ordering the filter cascades based on a genetic algorithm was developed. To solve this problem, a genetic algorithm was used because it allows us to obtain a quasi-optimal solution in less time compared to algorithms that allow us to obtain exact solutions. In addition, the use of a genetic algorithm has an advantage over other heuristic methods. In this paper, a fitness function is proposed to minimize the error in the ordering of FIR filter cascades. A detailed analysis of the methods of selection, crossing, and mutation is carried out, and the methods that are most suitable for solving the problem are selected. The hyperparameters of the genetic algorithm were adjusted to obtain greater efficiency. A number of experiments were conducted to test the algorithm. Several FIR filters of different types and orders were synthesized.As a result of experimental studies, it was found that the developed algorithm really has high performance compared to algorithms that allow obtaining exact solutions. The proposed algorithm is more effective in ordering a large number of cascades, as it significantly reduces the time spent on finding a solution to the problem.

The purpose of the paper is to describe reverse engineering of the popular game Minecraft in terms of the interaction of game data and its storage for further use, and on the basis of the obtained data to design a database and a text simulation of the above-mentioned game in order to acquire skills in the formation of structured data systems for game products, which require complex data interaction. The paper highlights the basic algorithms of database formation and interaction between data as required by the type of game product and its content. Four stages of software product development are demonstrated. At the first stage, the concept for designing the database was formed, the data to be stored was analyzed, and the idea for creating an information system was determined, as well as the tools used for projecting software products and DBMS. The second stage will describe the formation of a database with all features, representations, procedures and triggers for comfortable data processing when designing a software product, and the use of the database in the information system and work with it during various actions of a player. The third stage is the appearance, structure and operation of game simulations in the form of a web application, the peculiarities of the interactions between this platform and a database and the concept of the game process. Also, at this stage, the finished software product, which operates with the created database and simulates the game «Minecraft», is presented. The implementation of database access security is considered at the fourth stage. The Microsoft SQL Server DBMS was used to work with the data, the simulation of the game was created in the form of a web-site using the C# programming language, the ASP.NET platform, and the Entity Framework database framework.

This work is devoted to the analysis of the features of computer game character creation tools. The work examines in detail the role of the software in the process of creating characters and their importance for the game world. The paper reviews and compares the features of such popular character creation tools as Fuse, MakeHuman, Adobe Character Animator. An analysis of the process of creating characters was carried out, in particular, customization of the appearance and editing of animations. The role of mathematics in the game characters creation and the influence of character creation tools on computer game design are studied. The paper also considers the challenges and prospects for the development of character creation software in the future, and an improved algorithm of the tool work for creating a computer game character is proposed. This work is a useful source for understanding the process of creating characters in computer games and using character creation tools to implement creative ideas.

The paper examines in detail the possibilities of using mathematical models and algorithms used to automate and improve electronic document management. This article also explores the potential of algorithms and mathematical models in document management automation. The role of mathematical models in document flow automation and the possibilities of improving these models are considered. The researched scientific papers show great promise in improving electronic document management and mathematical models for document management automation. However, most of the studies do not consider possible risks and problems in implementing improvements from the mathematical model for electronic document management. Also, an assumption was made about the ideal mathematical model for electronic documentation at the moment.

This paper presents an overview of modern scientific research into the process of milling composite materials. Composites are anisotropic materials, and their properties depend on the chemical composition and structure of the matrix and reinforcement. This paper provides a classification of modern composite materials, describes the mechanical properties of their various types and the main problems that arise during machining. The literature review presented in this paper is based on the results of modern scientific research. The latest tool materials, special designs of cutting tools, cutting modes and machining conditions proposed for milling composites are presented. The results of experimental studies of the composite milling process under dry and minimal lubrication conditions are discussed. The results of scientific works on determining the main causes of intensive wear of milling cutters when machining composite materials of various types are analyzed. The prospects of using cutting tools equipped with polycrystalline diamonds with different grain sizes for milling composite materials are discussed. The insufficiency of large-scale and thorough studies of milling processes (ultrasonic milling) of ceramic-matrix composites is revealed. The necessity of further scientific research of promising ways to increase the efficiency of machining composite materials of various types is substantiated.

This paper analyses the most important processes of Ukrainian culture development in early totalitarian period of 1920s. The fundamental approach for assessing this period was the fact that the formation of the totalitarian regime had the primary influence on the cultural in general and literary-art activities in particular and was transforming it in the way the regime saw the “cultural revolution”. The 1920s were marked as the period of the soviet policy against intellectuals. Same concerns the policy of “ukrainisation”, despite it caused the acceleration of the Ukrainian culture development, in its essence has not created a freedom of development and was a controlled by bolsheviks’ party process of the regime adaptation to the reality of national republics. Thus the analysis of a change in approaches to intellectuals and their role in society, which was living through the heavy transformations of forced character, is important aspect of totalitarian USRR regime development. The subject matter of this paper is the analysis of social and political conditions for the literary and artistic intellectuals in 1920s in motion and analysis of the connections with the political processes in USSR. Mass social oppression and social engineering are the aspects specific for the soviet regime. The issue of literary-art activities are analysed in three aspects: intellectuals in soviet ideology; state politics innovations against literary and artistic intellectuals in 1920s; general soviet approaches to conquering and controlling the Ukrainian literature and art representatives in the USSR. We have identified that social and political conditions had significant differences with the Russia and USSR in general. This was due to the fact that the national character of intellectuals was creating a tension between the center and republics. We explored the fact that the soviet policy against literary and artistic intellectuals had a non-linear character and had the peculiarities different to the general political processes.

This paper aims to analyse and evaluate the state of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of international business in the transition economy based on the evidence of the southern region of Ukraine. The tasks of the study are (i) to identify the presence of components of the international business ecosystem and their quality depending on the level of development of the transition economy (policy, markets, finance, human capital, culture, support); (ii) to assess the current state of the components of the international business ecosystem; (iii) to identify constraining factors for the functioning of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem for their further consideration when adjusting the trajectory of the development of the transition economy. The model of Isenberg was used to observe the structure of the ecosystem. The international ratings (KOF Index of Globalization, Global Competitiveness Index, Doing Business, etc.), the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, national laws, etc. were used for the qualitative measurement of the ecosystem performance. An online survey was conducted to assess the current state of the ecosystem and to identify the restraining factors of its functioning. The research results demonstrate that all domains of an international business ecosystem are in the process of formation. 80% of respondents rated domains’ performance at three points on a 5-point scale, indicating poor functioning the ecosystem. The respondents of the survey represent several industries but mostly agro-industrial complex. The restraining factors are ineffective government policy; business-unfriendly legislation; limited access to the infrastructure; insecurity of property rights; inefficient business support systems, etc. The research results show that almost all components of the ecosystem are less efficient in Ukraine than in Europe, except for the entrepreneurs’ intentions of networking and collaboration development. The paper proposed original research on the institutional context of the ecosystem in the transition economy. The study is built on the idea of the specific regional peculiarities of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the impact of transformational processes of the economy of the country. The results of the study can be used as a basis for a scientific focus on the policy of improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The article empirically expands the knowledge of entrepreneurial ecosystems and shows the potential and benefits of a complete integrated ecosystem for overall regional development.

The article analyzes the features and factors of the international market of transport and logistics services and new trends caused by the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine. The market of transport and logistics services of Ukraine in terms of production and financial performance of its participants has been also studied. Moreover, the paper presents a comparative analysis of the process of forming a strategy for the competitiveness of a transport and logistics company in peacetime and in wartime. It is noted that in wartime a company should be aimed not so much at increasing market share, but at preserving its position. In this aspect, the end-to-end monitoring of the financial performance of a transport and logistics company plays an important role. The authors identify seven main stages of formation of a strategy of competitiveness of a transport and logistics company in wartime, which are analyzed in detail in the work. The paper also emphasizes that the main parameters determiming the competitiveness of transport and logistics services are complex parameters of quality, price and compliance of the product with certain standards. The analysis has identified key evaluation indicators for each of the above parameters. The conclusions of the authors are illustrated by the scheme of ensuring the competitiveness of the transport and logistics company. Thus, ensuring competitiveness is a complex mechanism of interaction of a transport and logistics company with other market subjects, the formation of competitive advantages and ensuring financial stability, differentiated by time, manifestation, structure and is the basis for determining the efficiency of a transport and logistics company and its real competitive position on the market. A promising area of research is the development of measures and tools to ensure the efficiency of transport and logistics companies by identifying and implementing their key competitive advantages in military conditions, the formation of alternative strategies for competitiveness.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of modern foreign economic strategic priorities of Ukraine, features of their implementation in the context of the key purposes of economic development of the country. Emphasis is placed on the need to use modern tools to support domestic producers and limit import expansion in the context of the formation of a new export strategy of Ukraine. Ukraine is a small open economy that makes extensive use of external factors of economic development both in the context of markets for its products, especially the agricultural sector, and attracting important resources of critical imports, including oil and natural gas, electronic equipment and more. From this point of view, the analysis has revealed the role and importance of two key players in the world market – the United States and China – in ensuring Ukraine’s external economic balance. The paper empirically examines the dependence of certain macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine on similar indicators of the United States and China (the so-called ‘large’ and systemically important economies for Ukraine). Vector autoregression models were used as a research tool to explore the dynamic interdependencies between macroeconomic indicators in the case of explaining their present values by the previous ones. For this purpose, percentage changes in gross domestic product and consumer price index compared to the corresponding period of the previous year for the USA, China and Ukraine were selected. As a result of the research, impulse-response functions from ‘large’ economies showed the dependence of indicators that characterise economic development in Ukraine from them and their long-term absorption, both in the context of economic growth in these countries and inflation imports from abroad. Moreover, it should be noted that the influence of China is more significant than that of the United States, especially if we consider the impact of fluctuations in the consumer price index in China on economic growth and inflation in Ukraine. This necessitates further research on this issue in line with the formation of scientifically sound foreign economic strategy and policy of Ukraine. The impact of economic growth in the United States and China on Ukraine’s GDP fluctuations is positive and almost the same (peaking in the second quarter and gradual levelling over two years). In turn, the variance decomposition of forecast errors for Ukraine’s GDP shows that in the long run about 52% of its variability result from modelled external factors, which in our opinion is due to significant openness of Ukraine’s economy and, consequently, ‘large’ economies. Finally, paper emphasizes the need to assess their international economic policy to minimize risks in the implementation of the country’s foreign economic strategy.

The paper considers the problem of Russian war crimes in Ukraine in the context of the archetypal approach, in particular, the peculiarities of the influence of Russian society on the delinquent character of the Russian occupation forces. During the research, it was established that the manifestations of delinquency in the Russian military are criminal in nature, they are an integral part of the Russian-Ukrainian war, and are directed mainly against the civilian population. The origin of modern Russian ideology and its dangers for modernity are determined. Based on historical examples, a comparison of the consequences of the delinquency of fascist and racist ideologies and the manifestation of the latter during hostilities was made. The psychological portrait of the Russian army is considered in the context of a representative sample of Russian society. An archetypal analysis of the latter’s genesis is carried out, and the archetype of the Horde is identified, which has had a decisive influence on the development of modern Russian society. The author traced the impact of the Horde archetype on the modern Russian state system, state-building processes and society in general. The channels of influence of the Horde archetype on the formation of the Russian army and its relations with the crimes committed by the Russian military on the territory of Ukraine were studied. The phenomenon of the influential leader and its correspondence to the archetype of the Horde are analysed. The paper determined how the Horde archetype affects the perception of other nations and nationalities by Russians, how “Russian collectivism” relates to responsibility, and what is the basis for the Russians’ justification of Russian war crimes in Ukraine. In conclusion, the cardinal changes that have taken place in the perception of the war and the enemy in Ukrainian society are noted, and the leading role of the analysis of basic Russian archetypes for effective resistance to Russian military and semantic aggression is determined. Further directions of archetypal research in the context of the “Russian issue” are outlined.

The paper is dedicated to examination of atmospheric air pollution in Ukraine that is aimed at establishing basic air quality conditions prior to the full-scale Russian invasion. Analyses cover five air pollutants (dust, sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (CH2O)) across 126 monitoring stations in 39 cities. It was found that the most dangerous excess of air pollution levels in cities was associated with dust, NO2, and CO. At the same time, SO2 content usually did not reach dangerous levels. The highest frequency of exceeding the threshold one-time levels was common for the cities with well-developed industrial facilities. Dangerous air pollution was observed in 15–60% of cases, depending on a pollutant. Dust and NO2 concentrations of the most polluted cities were 10 times higher than their concentrations in smaller cities having no significant industrial emissions. The difference in average CO, SO2, and CH2O concentrations among monitoring stations constituted 3-5 times. We studied the patterns of pollutants' seasonal variability recorded at the monitoring stations. Normally, no significant seasonality except for CH2O and dust was observed. The interannual variability of pollutants, emissions, and their trends were analyzed for the period since 2008. We identified a certain discrepancy in trends between pollutants’ concentrations and emission data over the last years. Pollutant content often continued to grow concurrently with emission reductions. The impact of atmospheric phenomena and wind parameters was studied mainly in terms of its role in formation of high and low atmospheric pollution levels. The analysis indicated a crucial role of local conditions in the formation of an atmospheric pollution field next to monitoring stations. Varying atmospheric pollution values across different monitoring stations within a specific city can be different even under the influence of the same atmospheric phenomena. The wind impact also formed different patterns of atmospheric pollution within same city. 12% to 22% of all monitoring stations (depending on a pollutant) indicated a prevailing impact of a single emission source (or a combined impact of a group of sources). At the same time, air pollution at other monitoring stations was highly variable, with elevated pollution levels being transported from numerous directions. The analysis of the air pollution-affected condition presented in the paper could be used as a basis for comparing ground-level pollution and assessing the warfare consequences in Ukraine. The research emphasizes the importance of updating the information about ground-based monitoring stations.

Although teat disinfection before milking has advantages, some producers believe the use of disinfectants to be unprofitable compared to qualitative teat processing using warm water with skin drying using paper towels. The aim of the work was to compare the effect of pre-milking treatment of cows' udders with Oxy Foam and Pre-Dip on the reduction of mastitis pathogens on the skin of teats cows on large dairy farms. The study was conducted in the winter-spring period on two dairy plants with a stable-free range cow breeding system. In the first group of animals: the right anterior and the right posterior teats of the udder were processed using disinfectant Oxy Foam and the left anterior and the left posterior teats were washed using warm water (control). Pre-milking treatment of the studied teats using disinfectant included foam application, keeping it for 30 seconds, and further wiping dry using disposable paper towels. In the second group of animals: the right teats were treated with Pre-Dip with the help of a cup by immersion with a subsequent exposure of 15 seconds. Swish from the skin of udder teats were taken using sterile tampons before the processing before milking and repeatedly after the end of the milking process. The ordinary treatment using warm water and drying using paper towels was found to reduce the number of microorganisms on the teat skin by 2.5 times (Р ≤ 0.001), while the use of disinfectant Oxy Foam – by 6.4 times (Р ≤ 0.001), and Pre-Dip – 4.8 times (Р ≤ 0.001). Herewith, treatment with water reduced the amount of hemolytic staphylococci on the teat skin – by 1.9 times (Р ≤ 0.01), disinfection using Oxy Foam – by 4.4 times (Р ≤ 0.001) to 13.2 ± 3.14 CFU/cm3 of the wash, and with Pre-Dip – 4 times (Р ≤ 0.001) to 14.6 ± 3.05 CFU/cm3 of wash. After using warm water, the number of pathogenic streptococcus reduced by 1.8 times (Р ≤ 0.01), and by 2.5 times (Р ≤ 0.001), when using Oxy Foam and Pre-Dip – 2.1 times (Р ≤ 0.001) to 7.5–8.9 CFU/cm3 of the wash. Microorganisms of Escherichia kind were well-removed with the use of ordinary -pre-milking treatment and were distinguished from the cow teat skin in single cases in the number of only a few cultures. Therefore, Oxy Foam based on hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid turned out to be a more effective means for treating the udder of cows before milking, compared to Pre-Dip with a content of 0.15 % of free iodine. Further research will be aimed at creating new domestic ecologically safe means for the pre-milking treatment of cow udders.

The domestic practice of assigning professional qualifications, in particular, by higher education institutions (HEIs), varies and indicates inadequate institutional normalisation of this issue. The objective of our research is to characterise the regulatory and actual procedures for assigning professional qualifications in higher education institutions, to outline possible models for taking professional standards into account when developing educational programmes, and to provide recommendations on procedures for assigning professional qualifications. The research was conducted within the framework of the social constructivist approach and is based on the results of document analysis. The analysis of changes in educational and labour legislation, implemented in 2022, gave grounds to determine the following aspects: the assignment of professional qualifications is possible if there is an occupational standard; the name of the professional qualification is defined in the occupational standard; all learning outcomes/competences stipulated by the occupational standard should be included in the educational programme, in case of partial qualification, the educational programme should specify the specific job function or job functions defined by the occupational standard. The current practice of assigning professional qualifications does not meet these expectations and is characterised by non-systematic and inconsistency, the co-existence of different requirements for the assignment of such qualifications by qualification centres, professional associations, and HEIs. The paper presents two models of implementation of the occupational standards requirements in educational programmes: the first for broad educational specialties, the second for relatively narrow ones (with a few occupational standards per specialty). The paper concludes with recommendations on the normalisation of the process of assigning professional qualifications of HEIs at the micro-level (educational programmes), at the level of HEIs, at the meso-level, as well as at the macrolevel.

Distance learning with its virtual settings has launched the transformation of education delivery, pedagogy, and classroom management. Consequently, it could cause educational discourse transformation in higher education as well. The research is focused on revealing educational discourse transformation in distance learning. Besides, the paper answers the following research questions: how university teachers communicate with students in virtual classrooms; what language patterns they use for giving instructions; whether verbal communication between teachers and students has crucially changed in digitally-based education. A mixed method approach (discourse analysis of 12 video-recorded lessons of ESL university teachers and the survey of students (n = 45)) makes it possible to shed light on the state of play in virtual educational discourse. The paper reveals that 1) communication in virtual classrooms depends on pedagogical activities which allows classifying educational language models into the following categories – preparation of teaching material presentation online, student engagement in an activity online, giving instruction on how to use EdTech, and expressing emotions or attitude; 2) university teachers use special language patterns for giving instructions related to using ICT tools and apps, e.g. screen sharing, chatting and emotional modality; 3) verbal communication between teachers and students except for linguistic and extra-linguistic features includes informal modes of communication – chat emojis and signs. The findings highlight that educational discourse has crucially changed in digitally-based education and has transformed into virtual educational discourse. The insights of the paper can contribute to the investigation of virtual educational discourse analysis.

Changes in population structure can have a great impact on savings rates. This study investigated the relationship that exists between the aging population and the savings rate in South Africa. The gross savings of South Africa from 1995 to 2017 was analysed. A fixed effect model and a random effect model were used as baselines for arbitrary correlations between unobserved heterogeneity and independent variables. The Hausman test was utilized to find a more efficient and consistent model that produces consistent results. The argument of the Lice Cycle Hypothesis developed by Modigliani (1970) and those previous research findings in which the rising older population has a tendency to decrease the rates of savings were followed in this paper. The findings revealed that an increase in old-age dependency does not cause the level of savings to decline but will rather lead to an increase in savings. The findings agree with the bequest theory, which states that old people save up their money for their upcoming generation. Due to the findings obtained in this paper, economic policies that aim to increase savings through demographics might not be relevant and are therefore not suggested.

The purpose of this paper is to explore how information technology affects traditional enterprise management in the information technology era and how information technology can be more effectively applied to enterprise management. Methodology: This paper uses literature research, logical summaries and VOSviewer to analyse the importance of information technology to business management and the opportunities and challenges it presents. As a result, different companies need to adapt their development strategies to the information age to gain an edge in the competitive marketplace. In today's digital age, companies cannot ignore the importance of using information technology to stay competitive and successful.

Abstract. This research paper explores the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and traditional graph algorithms like A* for mobile robots in the field of path planning and strategy development. The paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of these algorithms by evaluating their performance in terms of efficiency, scalability, and applicability in real-world scenarios. The results of the study show that while both RL and A* algorithms have their benefits and limitations, RL algorithms have the potential to provide more effective and scalable solutions for mobile robots in real-world applications. The paper also provides ongoing research directions aimed at improving the performance of these algorithms and concludes by offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners working in the field of mobile robots. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the performance of these algorithms, identify their benefits and limitations, and contribute to the development of more effective and practical solutions for mobile robots in real-world applications. The results of this study will be valuable for researchers and practitioners working in the field of mobile robots, as it will provide a comprehensive analysis of the use of RL and A* algorithms and offer ongoing research directions for improving their performance.

The paper is dedicated to the Western reception of Narod na vojne (People at war) written by the little-known Russian writer Sof'ja Fedorčenko. Although it was published first as supposedly authentic reports of soldiers (1917, Kiev), Fedorčenko later claimed it to be one of her own artificial works. This paper focuses on a comparative analysis of three translations of Narod na vojne and transformations, which take place by means of the paratexts and the reorganisation of the fragmentary text. The English translation Ivan speaks (1919, Boston) emphasize an anti-war message, the German translation Der Russe redet (1922, Munich) accentuates a supposed ‘Russian character’ and the French one Le peuple à la guerre (1930, Paris) directs attention to the Russian Revolution.

The paper is devoted to the study of the optical indexes of UV inkjet imprints on polymeric materials. The appearance of new types of polymeric materials with different textures and colours, on the one hand, helps to expand the range of souvenir, advertising and gift products, and on the other hand, there is a need to provide accurate colour reproduction on different surfaces. An actual task is to ensure accurate reproduction of the corporate colour when branding business products, making advertising and souvenirs on various materials, which will contribute to the recognition of companies. The paper analyses the regulatory documents that guide the production and quality control of digital imprints. It has been found, that the assessment of colour reproduction accuracy requires a comprehensive approach and includes: selecting a reference for comparison; establishing the level of required reproduction accuracy (A, B and C); taking into account the viewing distance of imprints. Based on the results of the study, it was found, that the colour of the printed material has a critical impact on the chromaticity of colour. It was found, that the application of a white substrate in one layer allows for reducing the colour difference on the coloured samples, but is insufficient for accurate colour reproduction. The study found, that the misalignment of the ink layers is 0.12 mm, which is generally within specification tolerances, but the imprints show a white outline visible to the naked eye. A visual assessment of the corporate colour under study revealed contamination with another ink, mainly magenta; the paper presents possible causes of the detected contamination. Based on the research results, it can be concluded, that determining the influence of the properties of printed materials on the optical indexes of imprints will allow manufacturers to adjust their technological processes in order to obtain products of the predicted quality.

The subject of the paper is the linguistic aspects of personal self-identification in the literary biography. This work aims to outline the linguistic aspects of personal identity research. The topicality of the research is to clarify the theoretical grounds by which the linguistic aspects of personal identity actualization in the text of the literary biography can be revealed. The general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization), the contextual and interpretive method, and discourse analysis are used in the paper. The novelty of the paper is determined both by the object of the study and the angle of the analysis currently presented by means of the theoretical grounds. As a result of the research, it has been established that the matter of studying the identity of Steve Jobs is correlated with a number of philosophical concepts (self-knowledge, self-realization, self-identification, self-evaluation), the main means of implementation of which at the verbal level is the linguistic strategy of self-presentation. The starting level in the typology of Steve Jobs’ linguistic personality is pragmatic. Its main units are motive, linguistic strategy and tactics. The description of Steve Jobs’ self-identification, which is directly related to the realization of the motives of self-knowledge, image creation, and creative self-expression, is important for W. Isaacson, Steve Jobs’ bibliographer. The realization of the self-knowledge motive is based on auto-communication; this motive is not related to communicative strategies and is actualized through such forms of self-knowledge as memories, self-observation, self-analysis, and self-evaluation. The motive of image creation is realized through the linguistic strategy of self-presentation. The creation of Steve Jobs’ image is embodied through a number of tactics (self-praise, appealing to authorities, exculpatory self-defense, criticism, positioning himself as an example to follow, etc.). The motive of creative self-expression has a mixed character, since its implementation involves both an external (model) addressee and auto-addressability. In future works, investigating the peculiarities of the self-identification process of linguistic realization and Steve Jobs’ self-presentation in the literary biography “Steve Jobs: Biography” might prove important.

Elections are one of the main institutions of good governance. The correct and relevant functioning of the mentioned institution determines the quality of democracy, the legal self-awareness of society and the index of political-economic development of the country. The democratic nature of the elections is indicated by the existence of specific principles, which are stipulated by the electoral law, in particular, universal suffrage, equality, free elections, and secret ballots. The relevant interpretation of each principle determines the effectiveness of the institution. The presented paper focuses on the institution of compulsory voting, which is directly related to the expression of free will. The aim of the paper is to review the institution of compulsory voting, to study its impact on electoral integrity and the overall legitimacy of the political system. According to literature review, the pros and cons of compulsory voting are highly debated. The reason is that there are a lot of supporters and opponents of a given institution with quite strong arguments supporting or opposing the institution. Based on the goals of the paper, it provides a description of the concept of compulsory voting and the reasons for establishing the mentioned institution. The paper reviews the types of obligation and their characteristics, explains the different systems of sanctions imposed on the persons avoiding their voting obligations, and the exemption rules based on the legislation of various countries. Based on literature review and collected data analysis, authors highlight the main patterns of compulsory voting, its relationship with legitimacy and efficiency of elected body. The final part of the paper outlines and evaluates the arguments for and against compulsory electoral participation and presents main findings according to comparative analysis of different cases. Based on the analysis it’s obvious that the institution of compulsory voting cannot be considered with the same results in different societies or states with different social-economic conditions.

Facial affective computing has gained popularity and become a progressive research area, as it plays a key role in human-computer interaction. However, many researchers lack the right technique to carry out a reliable facial affective computing effectively. To address this issue, we presented a review of the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques that are being used for facial affective computing. Three research questions were answered by studying and analysing related papers collected from some well-established scientific databases based on some exclusion and inclusion criteria. The result presented the common artificial intelligence approaches for face detection, face recognition and emotion detection. The paper finds out that the haar-cascade algorithm has outperformed all the algorithms that have been used for face detection, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based algorithms have performed best in face recognition, and the neural network algorithm with multiple layers has the best performance in emotion detection. A limitation of this research is the access to some research papers, as some documents require a high subscription cost. Practice implication: The paper provides a comprehensive and unbiased analysis of existing literature, identifying knowledge gaps and future research direction and supports evidence-based decision-making. We considered articles and conference papers from well-established databases. The method presents a novel scope for facial affective computing and provides decision support for researchers when selecting plans for facial affective computing.

The aim of the article is to explore the features of the uniqueness of a classic printed book as a valuable source of art studies analysis against the backdrop of dynamic transformations in Ukrainian book design. The article seeks to determine the prospects for its development as an artistic and project form, and ways to preserve the relevant design traditions. Results. The perception of traditional printed books in Ukraine today has changed in the context of the global digitisation of art. In this regard, the following opposing positions of scholars are highlighted: some predict a new phase of life for printed books, which involves the transformation of their socio-cultural role and the acquisition of different artistic content, while others underestimate the potential of traditional paper publications compared to innovative electronic formats. However, it is worth noting that the modern Ukrainian printed book has exclusive visual and aesthetic characteristics, demonstrating a unique synthesis of subject-spatial and artistic-design solutions. These characteristics include the long-term preservation of book design traditions, presentation of the designer's own artistic style (illustrator), tactile features (paper type, frame type, etc.), as well as the consistency of the layout at all levels of its implementation. The article proves this fact by comparing the design features of classic book editions with their alternative forms: electronic (multimedia) and interactive editions, as well as art books. The scientific novelty of the article consists in a comprehensive examination of the coexistence of various book forms on the modern domestic book market, their mutual influence, and the formulation of prospects for the development of the Ukrainian traditional printed books based on theoretical and empirical research of relevant sources, which was carried out for the first time. Conclusions. The article demonstrates that the highest potential of a traditional printed book lies in its highly differentiated design, unique artistic, genre and functional characteristics. The guarantee of the future of such publications is the mandatory presence of artistic and creative components in the book ensemble, as well as a genre-functional variable component.

Purpose: The study analyzes the evolution of Business Model Innovation (BMI) in the IT sector, which is mentioned in many available scientific publications. The major output of this paper is concrete customer requirements that invite business model innovations to managed IT services and challenges to establish corresponding business model innovations. Design/Method/Approach: The study identified more than 200 journal articles and conference articles with BMI and IT service providers, and it conducted a mapping review of current research to identify relevant academic theories, implementation strategies, and BMI in the managed IT service sector while highlighting gaps in empirical research. Findings: Most applied are BMI and the framework of dynamic capabilities in business models of IT services. Early movers, who develop a comprehensive platform strategy, can achieve an invulnerable moat and establish a leading market position. Practical Implications: The insights of this study could be applied by large companies, small- and medium-sized companies and start-ups, researchers, etc. They can use the insights to innovate their current business models and improve tailored client solutions. Originality/Value: The study concludes that business model innovations and IT service providers develop areas for future success. Research Limitations/Future Research: The design of the study is based on a systematic literature review and limited to the areas of BMI research in the IT service sector. For further research projects, individual articles can be chosen to perform in-depth analysis. Our trend analysis shows the focus on main technologies. However, this can be compared with the technologies mentioned in the Gartner Hype Cycle. Further research could be conducted to overcome limitations and cover the uncertain content of this research. Paper Type: Conceptual.

Modern European integration processes highlight the importance of foreign languages in a multicultural society and their effective teaching, accordingly, is one of the priority tasks of the European language policy. However, its implementation is significantly complicated in the crisis Ukraine experiences nowadays. Consequently, it causes a change in approaches to teaching foreign languages and the methods used. One of the preconditions for improvement of the level of foreign language education and coping with crisis situations is the research of best practices in other countries. The purpose of such an investigation is the improvement of this experience and implementation of the best achievements of scholars and practitioners in the branch of linguistic didactics and methodology of teaching foreign languages in the educational process. The aim of this paper is to summarize and systematize the experience of teaching foreign languages in higher education establishments in Ukraine, and to determine its linguistic and didactic peculiarities in crisis situations. The author considers the practice of teaching foreign languages in Ukrainian higher education institutions in crisis situations. Within the period of the investigation, there could be distinguished the covid and war stages. These stages differ in linguistic and didactic features of teaching foreign languages. During the covid period, the teaching of foreign languages was arranged as the active development and teachersʼ acquaintance with online courses characterized by a complete set of goals, content, forms, methods, and means of teaching foreign language communication, setting educational content in accordance with the specific features of “Foreign Language” as an educational component. Whereas during the war period, the teaching of foreign languages in higher education institutions has been done in synchronous, asynchronous, and mixed versions of distance teaching of foreign languages. Linguistic and didactic features of the determined period include the application of flexible approaches to the organization of constructive communication between the participants of the educational process. Moreover, the creation of “situations of success” during the implementation of creative projects has manifested itself as a specific feature of this period. This paper reveals a significant expansion of the teacherʼs didactic repertoire in using digital technologies, depending on their functions (those of training, communication and cooperation, search and information, presentation and research, experimentation, and gamification). As a result, changes in a teacherʼs role as a coach, an Internet moderator, a video tutor, and a facilitator of communication were detected.

The paper presents a comparative analysis of various groups of data (language acquisition speed, quality of language acquisition, comparative acquisition efficiency depending on the period of exposure, adult-child, and younger-children versus older-childrenʼs differences in acquisition) obtained in different experiments over a substantial time span. As it follows from the experimental studies analysis, there is conflicting data regarding the existence of a “critical age” for the foreign language acquisition and its specific limits. Much of the data can be interpreted in various ways. Differences between adults and children, older children and younger children can be explained not only by the existence of the “critical age”, but also by other reasons. The advantage of older students may be explained by their better memory, which allows them to learn a large number of clichés with which they successfully communicate, even having a very limited supply of language material. In general, basing on the available data, it is hardly possible to state that there is any age boundary in human life beyond which the foreign language acquisition is impossible or difficult to any serious degree. Experimental data, while contradictory, do not give rise to a straightforward conclusion about the advantage of any age group in any aspect of language. In short-time courses, adults progress faster but on longer stretches, children close the gap and even outpace adults. There are quite a few differences in language acquisition between adults and children, as well as older and younger children, but these differences are probably not due to the existence of a “critical age”, but to other factors discussed in the paper. It is likely that adults can learn language just as effectively as children provided the factors that impede their learning (strong instrumental and integrative motivation, absence of unfavorable affective factors, etc.) are eliminated. However, this assumption requires further research.

Distributed replicated databases play a crucial role in modern computer systems enabling scalable, fault-tolerant, and high-performance data management. However, achieving these qualities requires resolving a number of trade-offs between various properties during system design and operation. This paper reviews trade-offs in distributed replicated databases and provides a survey of recent research papers studying distributed data storage. The paper first discusses a compromise between consistency and latency that appears in distributed replicated data storages and directly follows from CAP and PACELC theorems. Consistency refers to the guarantee that all clients in a distributed system observe the same data at the same time. To ensure strong consistency, distributed systems typically employ coordination mechanisms and synchronization protocols that involve communication and agreement among distributed replicas. These mechanisms introduce additional overhead and latency and can dramatically increase the time taken to complete operations when replicas are globally distributed across the Internet. In addition, we study trade-offs between other system properties including availability, durability, cost, energy consumption, read and write latency, etc. In this paper we also provide a comprehensive review and classification of recent research works in distributed replicated databases. Reviewed papers showcase several major areas of research, ranging from performance evaluation and comparison of various NoSQL databases to suggest new strategies for data replication and putting forward new consistency models. In particular, we observed a shift towards exploring hybrid consistency models of causal consistency and eventual consistency with causal ordering due to their ability to strike a balance between operations ordering guarantees and high performance. Researchers have also proposed various consistency control algorithms and consensus quorum protocols to coordinate distributed replicas. Insights from this review can empower practitioners to make informed decisions in designing and managing distributed data storage systems as well as help identify existing gaps in the body of knowledge and suggest further research directions.

In this paper we have analysed a graphic novel “Maus. A survivor tale” by Art Spiegelman as well as some variants of its translations in the framework of theory of multimodal discourse analysis (ADM) (O`Halloran). The article focuses on analysing the corpus of investigation on its language and nonlanguage level. The aim of the research is to explain in terms of the multimodal discourse analysis theory of main principles of graphic novel translation while observing the way of source language graphic novel transmutation and reconstructing its architecture in the target novel. The methods having been applied in the present paper are those of linguistic observation and description, empiric comparison of translation variants and translation results analysis using ADM tools. Applying methods of ADM in the process of analysing graphic novel results from the necessity to respond to the main challenges of ADM theory for the studies in theory and practice of translation, as well as semiotics and general linguistics. The objectives of the article are to outline the iconic-textual structure of the graphic novel under the analysis, to characterise the visual level of the investigated graphic novel, to generalise arising problems to the translator. The concept of multimodality derived from semiotics is being studied in the article explaining the reason for applying the multimodal approach in the study of the graphic novel. Modalities represented in the graphic novel on non-language level are systematised through different types of multimodal phenomena and their relevance for target text meanings transcreation is described. Both visual and language modalities, which are important for the construction of the meaning, are focused attention to and the multimodal phenomena are piled and systematised in the article. The relationship between the visual and written modalities are discussed and the role and importance for the translation process are explained. Until now there are different investigations of the Maus, but there is no investigation from the multimodal perspective. The investigators focuse on the discursive and pragmatic part, as well as on the expressive value of the work, compare the characteristics of the translation; draw attention to the problems of the literary style of the work Maus; study the role of images in the creation of the work. However, there is still no study of graphic novels from the perspective of multimodal discourse analysis. By means of a series of operations of translation techniques the original text is reconstructed in the translation variant. It involves compressing or widening of the original text, removing inconsistencies between different modalities, reinterpreting “language shell” so that a semiotic content could be preserved and the author’s message transmitted without corruption, for that redrawing some characters or chapters, removing, or replacing some visual symbols with different ones. Illustrative material shows a certain logic scheme to follow the process of translation taking into consideration different multimodal phenomena, as well as the absence of some of its constituents. On the one hand, extralinguistic objects engraved in pictures of the graphic novel may present the reason for the translation technique of addition, and on the other hand the absence of some details in the pictures may justify the translation technique of omission. Evaluating functional types of multimodal phenomena also may lead one to adequate selection of synonyms or a phrase to choose in a process of translation having as a “guide” visual image supporting language level of a graphic novel. The term “graphic novel” is specified as well as the difference between terms “comic” and “graphic novel” is outlined. Graphic novel format is proved to assimilate to the literary novel with the content of memoirs, autobiography, history, documentary reports etc. Maus is the first graphic novel dealing with Holocaust theme aimed at the adult audience. According to the definition of the graphic novel, Maus is seen to share discursive mechanisms with visual narrative instruments, embedded in multimodal phenomena. The types of multimodal phenomena are selected in the present investigation and grouped with illustrative examples taken from the corpus. In the framework of ADM theory, the selection of translation techniques and operations are justified, and the reasons for certain translation variants are explained. As it is shown in the paper, graphic novel translation differs from literal one. The most important characteristics of graphic novel translation distinguishing this genre of literature have been outlined: 1) the graphic novel translation unit obligatory consists of both verbal and visual parts; 2) the intonation of the characters of the graphic novel is a part of a style and is taken into consideration in the course of translation; 3) visual part of the graphic novel is presented by multimodal phenomena that influence the strategies of translation. General recommendations for the translation of the historic graphic novel have been given, mainly: 1) for the purpose of collecting information from the visual part. It is recommended to read and discover the entire content of the novel before starting the translation, paying attention to the multimodal phenomena and their types mentioned in this article. Attention is paid to past events, other extralinguistic meaningful objects. An individual language style is translated with the same style and is maintained throughout the text; 2) on the language level, it is recommended to choose at least the sentence as the minimum translation unit of the graphic novel using substitution techniques within the unit as long as the final sentence reflects the same message. However, the largest translation unit can be chosen. Appropriate options are a speech bubble (speech bubbles) or the entire page. Bubbles (speech balloons) often contain colloquial speech, which differs much more between languages than literal text of a book. The ease of colloquial speech is nearly impossible to achieve without the freedom to change the order, composition, and number of sentences. Often, it is not the character-specific phrases that need to be translated, but rather the emotion of outrage or joy, recreating it using the character’s language (such as the speech of the immigrant, the main character, Vladek, or his wife); 3) the use of bold. It is understood that it is not necessary to use bold type in the same units that appear in the original. The most important thing is to convey the same meaning and intonation in the translation avoiding the “word for word” translation; 4) the language style of the author and the characters. The author and the characters of the graphic novel have their own language style, which is part of the meaning. Characters may have their own characteristic expressions and circumstances that explain the choice of phrase translations. After reading the text and visualising the novel, it becomes clearer what type of the target text of the protagonist should be created to remain truthful and sound natural; 5) “Litmus paper”. It is recommended to read the translation after a couple of days without looking at the original text thinking about whether or not the author would choose the same words, style, intonation; 6) Culture references create a certain atmosphere and are translated (6.1) literally as in the example of gefiltefish translation or (6.2) simplification is used the culture in case of translation of the same unit into Russian рыбафиш; 7) translation of anthroponyms and proper names. It is not recommended to translate the proper names of the historical graphic novel taking into account the documentary part of the novel. The same variants of anthroponyms are maintained throughout the text; 8) accuracy is the second priority after avoiding meaning corruption. One should try to preserve accuracy if it is possible, respecting the condition of preserving the meaning without corrupting it. To achieve the effect of equal perception of the novel by the reader both in the original language and in the translation language, two things are needed: understanding what is said in the original text and reconstructing it in the target text. The ADM theory, in this respect, is the tool to achieve the most adequacy and the most accuracy at the same time.

The paper is aimed at filling the gap in learning the formative image peculiarities of the English and American Imagistic poetry by analyzing the correspondence of the internal and the external and their correlation. This is where the answer lies, why T.S. Eliot called Imagism “an opening salvo” of English/ American Modernist poetry. It also explains the reason for a long-term effect of this short-term “school” in the English poetry of the twentieth century. Imagism hasn’t left any extended or profound theory as far as the criteria for producing “hard, dry images” (T.E.Hulme) are concerned. Since then the problem has been under-studied and calls for more in-depth analysis. The modern theoretical background of the paper includes the ideas of S. Averintsev and M. Gasparov, Paul Ricoeur and Gaston Bachelard; the criticism of the Imagism founders (T.E. Hulme and E. Pound) as well as its present-day English and American researchers. The major theoretical points highlight the important features of image transformation in Imagism: the dual (semantic and psychological) nature of an image (P. Ricoeur); loss of its axiological constituent thus forfeiting its wholeness (M. Girshman); its non-permanent essence (G. Bachelard). All these “new” sides underlie too general and vague definition of an image as “an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time” given by Ezra Pound, his definitive denial of using images as “ornaments” and the emphasis on the image affiliation with speech, not language. The fight doesn’t have to be limited only to opposing Romanticism (as in Hulme’s “Romanticism and Classicism”). Equally significant and far more sophisticated is the distinction between Symbolic and Imagistic essence of an image (Pound’s “Retrospect” and “Gaudier Brzeska”). For Pound, the main criterion is the receptive potential of an image, its semantic openness which offsets its meaning as finally fixed in some symbol. The paper examines the possibility to apply Roland Barthes’s idea (“L`imagination du signe”, 1962) of the crucial influence of the interior (symbolic) relationship and two exterior (paradigmatic and syntagmatic) relationships on the formation of both single image and the total imagery of a certain type of art conscience – consequently, of Symbolism, Romanticism and Imagism. In the early period of Imagism development (the poetry of F. Flint, E. Storer, to a lesser extent, of T.E. Hulme) the images still preserve the inner affinity with the signified objects (concepts) as seen in Romantic and Symbolic image “patterns”. And throughout Imagism development, this inner affinity is being weakened until a distant outer resemblance is left. It is clearly seen in Hulme’s “Autumn”, Pound’s “In a Station of the Metro”, H.D.’s “Oread”, “Hermes of the Ways” et al. The close reading of the W.C. Williams’s poem “The Red Wheelbarrow” is carried out in front of the “Tall Nettles” by Edward Thomas (1878–1917), his contemporary, who is now considered to be one of the “non-Modernist modern” poets. It is stated that the central image of the red wheelbarrow in its every detail constitutes a modern pastoral while Thomas’s nettles stand for psychological matrix of personal melancholy and despair. Syntagmatic relations also involve the further interaction of signs in the form of “superposition”, forming montage as one of the important Мodernist techniques not only in poetry, but also in Мodernist prose. And it becomes evident that it is not a mechanically borrowed cinema technique, as it is commonly viewed, but a deeper, “syntagmatic” similarity. The result of the research, based on the analysis undertaken, seems to prove its initial point: the poems of T.E. Hulme, Ezra Pound, W. Carlos Williams, Hilda Doolittle (H.D.) taken as models, manifest that the image in Imagism is every time constructed as a new actual syntagma of the common imagination of a poet and a reader to become the unique image for every single poem without its further “universal” use in any virtual paradigm.

In this paper, we study the qualitative behavior of the rational recursive equation \begin{equation*} x_{n+1}=\frac{x_{n-4}}{\pm1\pm x_{n}x_{n-1}x_{n-2}x_{n-3}x_{n-4}}, \quad n \in \mathbb{N}_{0}:=\{0\}\cup\mathbb N, \end{equation*} where the initial conditions are arbitrary nonzero real numbers. The main goal of this paper, is to obtain the forms of the solutions of the nonlinear fifth-order difference equations, where the initial conditions are arbitrary positive real numbers. Moreover, we investigate stability, boundedness, oscillation and the periodic character of these solutions. The results presented in this paper improve and extend some corresponding results in the literature.

With economic and social progress, the focus of regional unbalanced development has evolved. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, people’s aspirations for a better life are no longer limited to material and cultural necessities; the notion of a better life has become increasingly diversified, transcending individual or family micro-level welfare to embrace a comprehensive perspective of societal development. Focusing on the ethnic regions of Southwest China, this paper examines the fundamental characteristics of their coordinated economic and social development and offers relevant policy recommendations that provide a theoretical framework for scholars studying balanced regional economic growth. This study describes the characteristics of balanced economic and social development in Southwest China’s ethnic regions in four dimensions: sustainable economic growth, social stability, ecological civilization construction, and people-centered development ideology. Through comparative analysis, it presents a synthesis of domestic and international research, and summarizes the theoretical foundations and practical experiences essential for the future development of Southwest China’s ethnic regions. This paper examines four key elements for the development of ethnic regions in Southwest China. First, it emphasizes high-quality economic growth, which increases total factor productivity through supply-side structural reform and promotes the establishment of a modern industrial system. Second, social stability, a crucial component in realizing a better life, requires strengthening social justice and strengthening the social security system while maintaining national unity. Third, the paper stresses the importance of building an ecological civilization and advocates green technology, green industry and green consumption to achieve sustainable development. Finally, a people-centered development ideology safeguards livelihoods and focuses on education, income distribution, employment, and other areas. This paper explores the basic characteristics of coordinated economic and social progress in Southwest China’s ethnic regions, and provides a theoretical framework for scholars to explore balanced regional economic development.

In today’s reality, the agriculture plays a very important role not only in achievement of sustainable economic development, but also in solving the global problem of hunger and ensuring the state independence from external food supplies. All above makes this industry an important factor for consideration in many countries. In this paper, the authors placed the emphasis on the economic analysis of individual crops in the industry, namely spring wheat in the North Kazakhstan region. Thus, the purpose of the work was to calculate the economic feasibility of growing this crop. The analysis was the main method during writing process. Besides, statistical research methods played an important role, as well as comparison, modelling, induction, and other methods. The article demonstrated that the cost of elite seed production is much higher than the cost of commercial grain crops per hectare. At the same time, the seed production helps to increase profitability per hectare; however, it can be observed the opposite trend in terms of efficiency per unit of capital invested, which was higher for producers of commercial grains than seeds. With that, the specifics of seed production impose higher requirements on agricultural producers in terms of energy efficiency, namely the provision of machine-tractor fleet and fleet of agricultural machinery, storage facilities, as well as equipment for cleaning grain. The paper draws conclusions about the decision for entrepreneurs to invest in the production of one or another type of product. The article brings new knowledge for understanding the peculiarities of economic development in Kazakhstan, especially in regional aspect and sector specifics

Introduction. In the introduction to the paper, the effect of deformation behavior of unbound granular mixtures (UGMs), when used in an unbound base layer, on the construction of the flexible road pavement was outlined. Problem statement. The issues of the paper concern the problems related to the unstable deformation behavior of UGMs in unbound base/subbase layers during flexible road pavement designing and maintenance. Purpose. The main goal of the paper is to perform an analytical review of methods for testing and modeling of deformation behavior of UGMs. The results of the analytical review are intended to be used during implementation of a national standard concerning the method of testing of unbound granular mixtures by the triaxial cyclic loading identical to the related European standard. Results. The analytical reviewing led to the following results: it was revealed that at each stress level the most stable conditions are ensured to each UGM in its post-compaction period when the rate of accumulated permanent strains becomes negligible and the plot of permanent strain versus the number of loading cycles takes an asymptotic form;

Introduction. The introduction to the paper highlights the role of the modeling of deformation behavior of unbound granular mixtures (UGMs) under repeated mechanical loading as the base aspect of designing flexible road pavement with an unbound base layers due to the fact that UGMs have been recognized as the most vulnerable materials of the flexible road pavement under action of negative climatic (seasonal) or technogenic factors. Problem statement. The issues of the paper concern the problems related to unstable deformation behavior of UGMs in unbound base/subbase layers during flexible road pavement designing and maintenance. Purpose. The main goal of the paper is to perform an analytical review of the theoretical background to the construction and calculation of an unbound base layer of the flexible road pavement according to the results of the study of UGMs’ deformation behavior with their following categorization. The results of the analytical review are intended to be used during implementation of a national standard concerning the method of testing of unbound granular mixtures by the triaxial cyclic loading identical to the related European standard.