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Цель: обосновывать необходимость реализации проектно-исследовательской работы студентов в области противодействия идеологии экстремизма и терроризма.Метод проведения работы: теоретический анализ.Результаты: Представлено описание ежегодного Открытого конкурса студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых и специалистов «Наука и образование против терроризма, экстремизма и ксенофобии», проводимого в Москве, Саранске, Шуе, Пензе, а также отмечены практические результаты представленных конкурсных работ.Область применения результатов: система профессионального образования.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-9-13

The theory of academic exchanges emphasises the importance of international cooperation to improve the quality of education, stimulate innovation and promote cultural diversity. China and Russia are two major world powers with rich history and culture. The exchange of international students between the countries is an important aspect of the friendly format of cooperation in higher education. During such exchange, students can improve their foreign language skills, enrich their personal life experience, ensure high competitiveness in employment, and expand their knowledge and skills in the field of their profession. This paper analyses the current situation and predicts future directions of educational exchange through various prisms, including the experience of academic student exchange between universities in the two countries. It analyses the attitudes of Chinese students studying at SPbSU towards higher education in Russia. The author notes that academic exchanges and foreign learning experiences provide opportunities for international students to broaden their horizons and fulfil their emotional needs in study and life. Students from both countries have the opportunity to immerse themselves in a different cultural and academic environment, improve their intercultural communication skills and broaden their global perspectives. It also focuses on the opinion of Chinese students about the quality of higher education in Russia. Academic exchanges of students are of great importance for the state, as they act as instruments of forming «soft power» in another country, strengthen diplomatic relations between countries, form a positive image of the state, attract investments, etc. Thus, academic exchanges are a way for countries to develop cooperation at various levels - from educational to economic. Thus, academic exchanges are a way for countries to develop co-operation at various levels - from educational to economic. Purpose. To investigate the current state of the concept of academic student exchange between China and Russia, to study the significance of this international co-operation for the development of the higher education system. Methodology. The paper uses collection and analysis of information sources, historical method, comparison and generalisation, survey with the help of the author's questionnaire. SPSS Statistics 23 software is used to analyse empirical data. Results. The result of the work is the identification of the peculiarities of the sphere of academic exchange of students between China and Russia, the determination of the importance of this cooperation for the development of the higher education system at the international level. The author concludes that cooperation in the development of innovations in key areas of education contributes to the smoothing of cultural differences between the countries, and expands opportunities for students of both countries in higher education. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the educational sphere of international cooperation. Teachers and specialists involved in planning the educational process in the university sphere have the opportunity to create an innovative approach to improve the academic exchange programme for students, taking into account the socio-cultural criteria analysed in the article.

The study of various properties of information-technical systems from the point of view of interaction of their physical and digital components is a new and actual direction of modern science of cyber-physical systems. When considering modern cyber-physical systems, various authors recommend considering them as complex systems within the framework of system analysis. Due to the complexity of systems, adaptive algorithms should be relied upon in human-machine interaction. In this case, the specialist is seen as a decision maker. In the course of his work, he will strive to ensure the required mode of functioning of the cyber-physical system, including in the presence of faults in it. This paper proposes to consider the possible actions of a specialist in a cyber-physical system from the perspective of a simulation experiment. The paper provides an illustration of an algorithm scheme related to adaptive resource selection in a cyber-physical system. The scheme of rational decision making when resources are selected is shown. A methodology for generating logic models is proposed. The paper shows how game modeling can be applied to cyber-physical systems. The results obtained in this paper can be applied to a wide range of cyberphysical systems.

The paper is devoted to the research and study of the artistic interpretation of the concept of “Quonakh” (national hero) in Chechen painting and graphics in the 1990s. The novelty of the paper is the appeal to the origins of the concept of “Quonakh” in the works of Chechen artists, which found manifestation in certain historical conditions, respectively. The chronological scope of the study covers the period of the so-called “the First Chechen War” or the operation to restore constitutional order in Chechnya (1994-1996) and the post-war years (1996-1999). In the visual culture of this time, images of national leaders appear, carrying at this stage not so much an aesthetic, but an ideological load. Beybulat Taimiev, Zelimkhan Kharachoevsky, Baysangur Benoevsky and other heroes become, in a certain sense, symbols of Chechen culture and are still present in it to nowadays. Heroic images (in their close connection with the most important national concept), embodied in the interpretation of Chechen artists of the late 90s (XX century), are analyzed. The most professionally executed and deep in content works of Sultan Abaev, Kharon Isaev, Said Bitziraev, Khasan Sediev, which are characterized not only by a patriotic orientation, but also by a veiled form of perception of the atmosphere of modernity, were selected for the research. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the structural and semantic features of the image-concept “Quonakh” and its reflection in professional national fine arts, which is very important in the context of not only Chechen, but also Russian culture. The methodology is based on art criticism, comparative and system-constructive analysis. The use of the historical-biographical method allows us to trace the influence of specific historical personalities on the process of creating a pictorial image. The conclusions of the study include the recapitulation about the possibilities of “artistic and figurative interpretation of philosophical concepts” that contribute to the creation of new artistic realities by transmitting feelings of heroism, patriotism, honor, using educational techniques based on the traditions of the Chechens/Nokhchiis. The image-concept “Quonakh” is one of the axiological dominants on which the existence of a distinctive ethnic culture is based. In fact, real “Chechenness”, as a property of the national character, is manifested by the presence in it of connections with the “Quonakhalla” code.

The lexicon of the Even language is extremely understudied. The choice of the topic of this paper is conditioned by the necessity to cover the undeveloped issues on synonyms of Even language with regard to their sources; semantic and typological features. The present work is devoted to the study of stylistic synonymy in the Even language. Purpose. To identify the resources of stylistic synonymy, highlight stylistic and semantic-stylistic synonyms, as well as define their features. Materials and methods. The research is based on the descriptive method, the techniques of linguistic observation, generalisation and interpretation are used. The source of the study is the "Even-Russian dictionary" by V.A. Robbek, M.E. Robbek. Results. The paper is the first to define and distribute words with stylistic meaning as well as to single out the type of semantic-stylistic synonyms and to give a description of stylistic synonyms in the Even language. The sources of these types of synonyms are words of dialect, folklore, ritual and colloquial lexicon. Practical implications. The results of the work can be applied in researches on the languages of the Manchu-Tungus peoples.

Background. The article is devoted to the semantic and discursive analysis of lexical units of English-language news articles aimed at highlighting the coronavirus issue in the period of 2020-2022. Purpose. The paper presents the results of the analysis of The Guardian news articles devoted to Covid-19 pandemic in the period of 2020-2022. Materials and methods. The news articles of The Guardian newspaper devoted to coronavirus issues were selected as the research materials. The methods of semantic and discourse analysis, partial sampling, as well as descriptive method were used in the study. Results. The article provides a detailed semantic and discursive analysis of the lexical means used in the texts. The analysis results reveal the most typical lexical means, providing such features as informativeness and expressiveness. The article provides a detailed description of functioning of expressive means in the total number of 2658 units. Practical implications. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in practical classes in the disciplines “Practical course of the English language”, “Foreign (English) language”, “Lexical aspects of translation”, as well as when writing term papers and final qualifying papers.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS), along with cyber-biological and cybersocial systems, have recently become one of the key elements of modern infotelecommunications systems. The Internet of Things, as a revolutionary concept of the past few years, is a fundamental concept in the context of SPS. However, unlike the Internet of Things, which primarily emphasizes machine-to-machine connections, the SPS concept is based on the dualism of physical and cybernetic (information) environments. Turning to the applied field, we should note the trend towards informatization of many elements of the world around us. The degree of penetration ranges from sensors transmitting information about the state of a living organism to precise models describing the current state of an element within a smart production. This paper deals with the problem related to the control of cyber-physical systems under conditions where various random external influences are exerted on them. On the basis of game theory, the paper proposes, taking into account various criteria, to carry out the choice of control. Examples of calculations are considered.

The article deals with the main approaches to the study of the Austrian variant of the German language as a means of oral and written communication in the academic discourse. The authors focus on the lexical and pragmatic features of the Austrian variant of the German language that distinguish it from the language of the academic communication in Germany. Background. Though today much attention is given to the German variants, their functioning in institutional discourse haven’t been explored enough yet, which can lead to errors in cross-lingual communication and translation. Purpose. The aims of this paper are to analyze the main approaches and methods used in the study of the Austrian version of the German language in the academic discourse and to identify its main features on the lexical and pragmatic levels based on the results of the author’s research and the works of Austrian linguists. Materials and methods. The methods of continuous sampling and lexicographic analysis were used to describe the lexical and pragmatic features of the written academic discourse. Results. The paper describes the main methods for studying the Austrian variant of the German language in the academic discourse (lexicographic method, corpus analysis and sociolinguistic method) and identifies such features of the Austrian variant as terminological austriacisms, Latin words, gender-fair language, peculiarities of address and use of academic titles as well as internal multilingualism. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used for further, deeper study of academic discourse and other institutional discourses, for further analysis of the specific features of the Austrian variant of the German language, and will also be useful for translators and participants in international academic events and academic exchange.

Traditional Chinese waterscape design is a profound cultural symbol and a perfect embodiment of the natural landscape. The philosophical ideas, aesthetic concepts and cultural connotations embedded in traditional Chinese culture have played an important role in the design of traditional water features. However, traditional water features have struggled to maintain their lasting beauty due to their impact on the environment and ecology. With the development of modern technology and advances in water management theory and techniques, modern water treatment systems have become an important means of solving water management and ecological and environmental problems. Combining traditional cultural elements with modern water self-purification systems has become an effective way to optimise traditional water features. This paper focuses on the cultural elements and water self-purification systems embedded in the design of traditional Chinese water features, and ways to optimise them with the help of modern technology. Firstly, the cultural background of traditional Chinese garden water features is analysed in terms of their unique traditional cultural elements, design methods and characteristics. Then, through the analysis and study of modern water management theories and technologies, the principles of realisation and optimisation strategies of water treatment are discussed. Finally, the combination of traditional cultural elements and modern water purification is used to explore in depth how traditional Chinese waterscape design can integrate traditional and modern elements, making it convenient for people while having a positive impact on the natural environment and ecology. The findings of this paper help to promote the combination of traditional culture and modern technology, and provide references and lessons for the environmental development of traditional Chinese waterscape design.

The paper focuses on a critical issue of ensuring food security for countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which is especially important given the transformation of the global food market in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims (1) to assess the possibility of creating a single food market of the EAEU and (2) to identify the difficulties faced by the Siberian agricultural sector in addressing food security issues and export development. The paper presents the results of the study concerning the development of trade and economic cooperation between the Siberian Federal District (SFD) of the Russian Federation and the EAEU countries with regard to the agricultural market. Based on the statistical analysis of national data, we examined the particular aspects of Siberian agricultural export development. We were able to identify the largest trading partners among the EAEU member states and study the particular aspects of their food imports based on the Russian database indicators. According to the analysis results, we concluded that exports are dominated by food products, namely intermediate and final products, which correspond to the objectives of the Russian Federation National Project International Cooperation and Exports. Market research on the breakdown of imports to the EAEU showed that it imported dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and processed foods. We identified the most promising areas of export development for the SFD based on a review of the scientific studies on economic integration and food security issues. The scientific novelty of this research lies in proving the need to develop exports of finished food products with a high level of processing, which requires the integrated development of the food processing industry in the SFD by means of regional strategic programs for introducing innovative biotechnologies in deep processing of agricultural raw materials. The research findings might be of great interest to members of the academic community and undergraduate and graduate students pursuing similar research agendas.

This paper examines innovations in the field of ensuring food security for those in need. It is noted that in the modern world, in addition to traditional food supply models (that is, those that set themselves the only goal – to help those in need) innovative methods are emerging (which pursue several goals, one of which is to help those in need). In more detail, this paper discusses innovative methods, to which the authors refer the possibility of creating a public retail network with fixed prices, conducting a markdown procedure, getting food in commercial enterprises for free, obtaining a comprehensive restaurant service at a significantly lower price and self-organization of people in a digital environment. The paper presents a detailed analysis of each of the above methods. The main conclusion of the study is the need to segment the needy depending on their specific needs. The authors propose to distinguish the following groups of people in need: those in need of basic food, those in need of additional food, those in need of socially acceptable practices for obtaining food, the well-off. For each of the selected groups, innovative methods of providing food are proposed, depending on the specifics of the needs of the people in each group. It is noted that considering individual needs while ensuring food security leads to an increase in the quality of life of the population.

Purpose. The paper aims at discovering stylistic and grammatical peculiarities in tourism discourse based on VisitBritain.com text corpus; analyzing its application scope and mission; specifying “tourism discourse” as a notion. Methodology. Used in the paper are general scientific methods (synthesis, generalization), analysis of the text corpus, method of linguistic analysis. Results. The issue of tourism discourse as a separate unit, not a subtype of advertising discourse, remains highly disputable nowadays. The present paper analyses the theoretical basis of notions of “discourse” and “tourism discourse”; determines the levels and communication means in tourism; substantiates the hypothesis on multi-component and multi-modal structure of tourism discourse as a linguistic phenomenon. In the practical part of the research, the author draws special attention to the specifics of the English tourism discourse in terms of typology, lexicology and morphology. The paper concludes by saying that tourism discourse is different from advertising one as well as requires further investigation into the issue. Practical implications. The results presented in the article can be used both in theory and applications, i.e., further inquiry into the pragmatic constituent of tourism discourse and its interdisciplinarity; compilation of corpora of tourist texts in the English language; adaptation of the English tourism discourse for present-day realities and addressees’ demands.

The article is devoted to the particularity of the use of a sports metaphor in different spheres of human activity. The role of a sports metaphor as an effective means of speech expressiveness is considered, examples of its implementation in English are given. Purpose of the study. The present study is devoted to the particularity of the use of a sports metaphor in different spheres of human activity based on the material of the English language. Materials and methods. In the study the methods of conceptual and contextual analysis, descriptive method, partial sampling techniques were used. Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the concept of “metaphor”, provides examples of the use of sports metaphors taken from different sports in the English-language media, business and politics. Practical implications. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the obtained results can be used in classes of the discipline “Foreign Language” (English), when writing term papers and final qualifying papers.

This paper deals with one of the urgent problems in the framework of the implementation of the latest radical technologies of “human enhancement” the so-called theory of multiple identity (multiple “I”, the theory of doubles, and the duplication of consciousness). This topic of a possible backup of our consciousness is analyzed in relation to the procedure for digitally uploading consciousness, creating digital avatars, cyborgs, and clones and cases of success in the field of gene editing as well as the application of this technology to humans. In fiction, particularly in science fiction, this problem is included in the list of top mysterious subjects. As an example, the paper considers a position of a famous science fiction writer and supporter of transhumanism David Brin, presented in the work “Kiln People”. The article highlights main ideas, possible risks, and negative consequences that the writer is trying to foresee and reveal scenarios for the development of launching a mass duplication of consciousness or creating a technology for implementing a multiple identity of “I”.

Background. Pyridines are one of the most common heterocycles, the derivatives of which are widely used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemistry, and also in the production of new materials. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the chemical behavior of various pyridine derivatives will continue to be an urgent task of organic chemistry. This literature review is devoted to the systematization and analysis of the chemical properties of pyridine nitro derivatives, starting from the first half of the 20th century and up to the present. The paper considers both reactions proceeding through the nitro group (reduction under the action of various chemical agents, substitution, condensation) and reactions through the pyridine cycle. The main areas of application of nitropyridines are also shown. Purpose. Generalize and systematize the main types of reactions characteristic of nitropyridines, show the features of their chemical properties associated with the transformation of the nitro group, its effect on the mobility of substituents in the pyridine ring, as well as on the activity of the heterocycle as a whole. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, a review of the scientific literature was made on the main types of chemical reactions characteristic of pyridine nitro derivatives and the most significant areas of their application. Results. This paper summarizes the results of experimental studies on the chemical properties and application of nitropyridines from the beginning of the last century to the present. Conclusion. Thus, as a result of the analysis of sources devoted to the chemical properties and application of nitropyridines, a brief literature review was compiled, including the main types of reactions characteristic of the compounds under study, and their main areas of application were identified.

The research materials are based on the processing and analyzing the official results of the air and ground surveys conducted in 2019, providing departmental materials. The habitats with a high number of mountain sheep include the Karaganda, Turkestan, Dzhambul and Almaty regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper aims to estimate the changes in argali’s number and reveal the basic influencing factors. The total number of wild mountain sheep in Kazakhstan is 17954 heads. The paper shows that the share of the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the number of argalis is 99.7%. The main influence on the number of snow sheep is exerted by anthropogenic factors such as poaching and economic use of the range of wild mountain sheep by humans. From time to time, severe fires affect the deterioration of the habitat. The authors attribute the creation of specially protected natural territories and the inclusion of subspecies in the Red Book of Kazakhstan to the positive impact of human activity on the argali population. In modern conditions, the natural potential viability and survival of mountain sheep and further naturalization are weak, although there is an increase in the number of argalis. These aspects indicate that the anthropogenic factor affects animals intensely. The analysis of variance shows and testifies to the high influence of the anthropogenic factor on the number of argalis in regions of Kazakhstan. Today, to improve the protection of mountain sheep, it is advisable to organize a network of specially protected natural territories in the mountainous regions of the south and south-east of Kazakhstan.

This paper analyzes the works of management classics such as Russell Ackoff, Nancy Adler, Frederick Herzberg, Chris Argyris, Bennis Warren, Lyndall Urwick, experts of Aston Group, and others. A common bond between them is organizational behavior and the fact that their work was written in the last century and that elements of their theories were the basis for the neoclassical management theories that predominate today. Purpose. The aim is to identify commonalities with the iterative-incremental (agile) approach to development and management from classical management theories. Methodology. The paper analyses classical management papers in organizational behavior and leadership theory to identify commonalities with the iterative-incremental approach to management. The two categories are considered holistically, as leadership can determine organizational behavior. The paper applies ontological and integrated approaches. Results. The paper identifies standard features of classical theories and agile approaches to management. It indicates that classical approaches to management have formed the basis of agile approaches to management. Practical implications. The results apply to social management and organizational psychology scholars. In addition, the results will help to scientists write textbooks and manuals on management theory and related disciplines. The study’s results contribute to developing the history of managerial thought.

The paper considers characteristics of gastronomic discourse through the lens of the audiovisual translation being one of the most popular and demanded types of translation today. The paper is a review of the main theoretical treatments of discourses and terminological aspects related to the topic “food”. A great variety of approaches to defining and classifying the main concepts of such studies (P.P. Burkova, I.E. Zaĭceva, N.N.Kacunova, F.L. Kosickaya, A.V. Olyanich) indicates that the issue is open to discussion and serves as a motivation for our research. Purpose. The study aims to find translation strategies in rendering gastronomic discourse from English into Russian. Material and methods. Jamie Oliver’s TV cooking shows from 2005 to 2017 and their translations into Russian made by Foxlife, Telecafe, Kuchnya TV channels. Contrastive method and critical analysis are used as the main methods of the study. Results. The paper describes effective translation strategies of gastronomic discourse from English into Russian, systematizes common translation mistakes and offers their possible solutions. Practical implications. The results can be used in translation and interpreting when rendering the English content into Russian for further dubbing of TV cooking shows; in further studies of gastronomic discourse; in university courses of stylistics, theory and practice of translation; in teaching language training methods.

Technologies of artificial insemination of cattle are actively used in livestock farms in Russia. At the same time, quality control of semen production does not involve testing the bull semen for microorganisms of the genus Mycoplasma. The active use of molecular genetic methods allows for the rapid determination and species identification of pathogenic mycoplasmas; however, it does not indicate the viability of the identified pathogen. The paper aims to study mycoplasma contamination of semen products presented on the Russian market and determine the conformity of the results of the Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] method and the traditionally used microbiological method. The paper presents the results of the first Russian study of the occurrence and viability of pathogenic species Mycoplasma bovis, M. bovigenitalium, M. californicum, and Ureaplasma diversum in semen production. We investigated 447 samples of cryopreserved semen of bulls-producers of various breeds from Russian breeding centers and breeding farms of the USA, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, supplying these products to the Russian market. The analysis shows a high frequency of occurrence in the bull semen of DNA of microorganisms of the genus Mycoplasma (up to 70.9%). Besides, M. bovigenitalium appeared to be the most frequently detected type of mycoplasma from those tested. Cases of identifying several types of mycoplasmas in one sample were revealed: in 58.8% of the studied samples of semen products from Russian farms and 15% of semen samples from international breeding centers. The viability of mycoplasmas that were positive according to PCR analysis when testing 65 samples was demonstrated using the microbiological method for 94% of samples. The correspondence of the results of microbiological and molecular genetic detection of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas was 88.3%. The results obtained indicate the prevalence of mycoplasmas in semen production and the need to improve the control system of breeding material in order to prevent the spread of mycoplasma infections of cattle using artificial insemination technologies.

The paper presents the results of studies of the current state, significant trends, development potential, and funding sources of the wine industry in the Russian Federation. At the regional level, economic, natural (soil and climate), and anthropogenic factors are identified as the main factors that determine the potential for the development of viticulture and winemaking in the current conditions. The research identifies the fundamental aspects of government support for viticulture and winemaking. The paper analyzes conditions for developing the wine industry in Crimea and Sevastopol, including the financial component. In particular, the paper examines the results of analytical calculations of the financial leverage ratio for the most prominent winemaking enterprises of the Crimean Peninsula. The government support measures for the Crimean winemaking enterprises in terms of increasing the availability of long-term loans have been analyzed. The paper explores significant trends in the development of the Crimean wine industry as a whole and long-term loans to the local enterprises. The authors propose an economic and mathematical model for quantifying the cumulative effect of the following essential factors on consumer satisfaction with the price-quality ratio of wine products. One assumes that this model can form the basis for assessing the potential for developing the viticulture and wine industry at the regional level in the Russian Federation. Considering the results of the source research and financial and economic analysis carried out in the field, the paper aims to reveal the primary features and issues of the development of enterprises in the wine industry of Crimea and produce optimal solutions. The paper attempts to formulate a proposal on the expediency of using the presented research results, including a model analysis of the influence of a combination of significant factors on the development of viticulture and winemaking in the regions and develop recommendations for restoring the sustainability of wineries in modern conditions and prolonging the program of further research.

The paper summarizes the experience of Russian and foreign researchers in studying the effectiveness of online interventions to correct eating behavior and weight change. It formulates the scientific problem of the ambiguity of the quality of existing programs to work with multifactorial eating disorders. The research notes differences between the categories of efficacy and effectiveness, which consist of the quality assessment breadth degree. A meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of structured in-person and online eating behavior interventions without specifying a behavior change model. The paper outlines research limitations on the effectiveness of intervention programs in the eating disorders area (small sample size, which reduces the probability of detecting differences; unrepresented observation period for weight maintenance; different levels and types of motivation for weight loss among participants; high cost of participation in the program; highlighting weight loss as the main parameter; lack of data on the program’s duration). It develops recommendations for overcoming these limitations (researching a sample of 60 or more people; performing measurements of body parameters before, during, after, and six months after the end of the program; consideration of participants’ motivations; establishing a reasonable price for the program; including psychological indicators in the program; specifying the duration of the program and forms of work), respectively. The analysis of online programs developed recommendations to improve the effectiveness of online interventions to correct weight and eating disorders, considering the factors affecting the effectiveness of online programs (personalized feedback, social support, the use of a large number of technologies for communication (video, audio, text), the opportunity for self-disclosure, the complexity of treatment, etc.).

The relevance of the study. The paper is devoted to the study of the creative activity evaluating problem. The subject of the study is the evaluation criteria. At present, it seems obvious that there is a need to systematize and structure knowledge in the field of theory and methods of teaching fine arts. In particular, special attention should be paid to the problem of evaluating students’ works in the fine arts lesson. Despite the fact that the Federal State Standard of General Education sets requirements for the development of the basic educational program, the question of the correct assessment of the creative activity of students remains open for modern teachers. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to study the specifics of evaluating creative activity and its results in a fine art lesson at school. Results and discussion. The classical five–point assessment system is not fully sufficient in fine art lessons, therefore, an internal one–hundred-point assessment system should be included, which would clearly indicate strengths and weaknesses of each student. Conclusion. The assessment of students’ creative achievements is a multifaceted process that requires taking into account a number of students` characteristics and the clear and consistent understanding of the criteria apparatus.

The research objective is to identify and analyze the possibility of using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in Altai Krai for agroclimatic and meteorological research, including forecasting climate change and predicting the yield of various crops. An agroclimatic assessment of atmospheric droughts within the conditions of Altai Krai was performed using a method relatively new for national agrometeorology. At the moment, in the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, the G. T. Selyaninov Hydrothermic Factor (HF) is mainly used for assessing droughts, which makes it possible to assess the territory water availability by the ratio of the period characteristics with the temperature above 10°С. The authors have compiled the SPI calculator in the Microsoft Excel software environment. The paper presents the graphs of the moisturization course for the period of the active growing season for 31 meteorological stations of Altai Krai, and the frequency of arid events is calculated for compiling a precipitation model for the period of 1964–2020. The paper does not provide formulas described in detail in literature sources. The research results can be used in planning activities in the sphere of agriculture, developing an economic strategy for the region, and strategy in relation to adaptation to climate change. Areas are highlighted that are priority-oriented for taking measures to prevent the adverse consequences of climate change. General tendencies of changes in agrometeorological indicators have been found in those areas where they are the greatest ones. A comparison is made with the work results regarding other entities of the Russian Federation and the near abroad, wherein the possibility of using the SPI method for assessing droughts is analyzed.

The paper considers the export problem of the agro-industrial products of Russia. The research relevance lies in the competition conditions in the world food markets. The paper aims to study the impact of the development of exports of agricultural products on the stability of the Russian economy. Considering the strengthening of the position of agricultural products export in the structure of Russian exports, the paper aims to assess the problems and identify new opportunities for the development of agricultural products exports based on an analysis of its dynamics and structure. The authors applied the methods of economic-statistical analysis to identify patterns in the dynamics and structure of exports of agricultural products. During the research, the dynamics and structure of agricultural exports were analyzed. The authors also calculated the average export price for the enlarged product groups. They concluded that (1) the share of agricultural exports in the structure of Russian exports is growing and (2) that there is a need to increase its efficiency through government support measures. New opportunities for the export of agricultural products in the world market arise with (1) an increase of the competitiveness of products, (2) the development of new sales markets, (3) a stable position of exporters, (4) the efficient production of agricultural products by national producers. Currently, it is possible only if state support for export activities is combined with the initiatives of the agriculture entrepreneurs. The paper will be useful for regional and federal governments, the scientific community, and anyone interested in Russian export issues.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of transhumanist provisions and ideas manifested through fiction, particularly, in the novel by V.O. Pelevin “Transhumanism Inc”. The common points of convergence are revealed: the author’s interpretation of a number of transhumanistic ideas and possible variations of transhumanistic scenarios implemented in the novel by V.O. Pelevin. The paper concludes that the ideas of transhumanism are undoubtedly close to the postmodern literature, there is an ongoing popularization of transhumanism in the Russian literature, and there are some stereotypical emphases and fatigue in the writer’s vision of transhumanist perspectives.

Purpose. The paper is given to the topic of probabilistic characteristics of the discourse units, being relevant in the course of present-day tendencies towards digitalization of the discourse. The subject for analysis is represented by prosodic characteristics of read-aloud speech imitating face-to-face dialogue. The author aims at representing the conventional intonation norm as a fuzzy set of phonologized intonation contours (ICs). The paper states the factors that determine the specific character of ICs and suggests defining these factors in terms of fuzzy logic. Methodology. The methodology of the research is based on the interdisciplinary cognitive-discursive approach to studying verbal interaction in discourse, which requires taking into consideration cognitive and discourse factors. The methodology of the presented research also includes regulations stated by the experimental discourse analysis and specified for the purposes of experimental prosodic research. Results. Computer analysis helps to describe specific features of prosodic organization of the utterance and identify factors that determine this specificity. Identifying determining factors allows to define them as fuzzifiers and defuzzifiers, which help to transmit the meaning of the utterance. Practical application. The results of the research can be used in creating online/web applications with voice activation/interaction. The results can also be used L2 teaching to advanced students.

The work is devoted to the development of spatial databases for the assessment of agricultural land. The geodatabase is aimed at geoinformation support of assessment, agroecological typing (groups, types of land) of agricultural lands, development of adaptive-landscape farming systems. The paper presents the structure of the database of regional and local levels. Three different ways of user interaction with the AgroGIS database are proposed. For practical implementation, it is proposed to use the object-functional approach to database development, based on the use of cloud data storage technology in the DBMS SQlite. Background. Geoinformation support of agronomic geoinformation systems (AgroGIS) is aimed at assessing natural-territorial conditions and environmental factors in agrolandscapes, development of adaptive landscape farming systems. AgroGIS geodatabases serve to store, analyze and present spatial information on agricultural land. As shown by an analysis of literary sources, the term “geodatabase” was formed more than twenty years ago. At the same time different geodatabases are known: archaeological, cartographic, soil and others. They differ in the object of research, structure and content, as well as the way of data organization. This indicates the relevance of the topics of the present research. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to develop the structure and content of the geodatabase agronomic GIS. Materials and methods. The object-functional approach to database development, which is supported by object-oriented database management systems (DBMS) and classical relational DBMS, is used. The essence of this approach is to implement functional tasks taking into account the needs of the user. Results. The main components of geodatabase in the form of separate sets of spatial classes (Climate, Relief, Soil, Vegetation, Hydrography, Agrolandscape) are proposed. At the same time the paper shows the need for practical implementation of agronomic geoinformation geodatabases from several aspects. Conclusion. In the development of spatial databases of agronomic GIS the most important feature is the ability to constantly update information in the form of temporal component. Practical implementation of temporal geodatabases is possible with the use of non-relational database management systems, as well as methods of processing big data (Big Data).

Background. Over the past thirty years, the concept of “discourse” has been closely integrated into many scientific disciplines, and therefore its determination is complicated. Researchers cannot come to a common opinion regarding this linguistic category. An overview of discourse in a diachronic perspective allows us to explore diverse approaches to its study and identify the most relevant definition of this linguistic term. Purpose. In this paper, an attempt is made to interpret the term discourse by examining it in a diachronic aspect. Materials and methods. The research is based on general scientific methods (generalization, analysis) and a descriptive method. Results. As a result of the analysis of the theoretical material, the authors summarize that there is no generally accepted interpretation of this linguistic category in the linguistic literature. The researchers agree and disagree in some ways, which is reflected in the inconsistency of their opinions. However, the review of scientific papers offered in this study makes it possible to get a summary view of linguists on this issue. Summarizing the data gained, the authors give their interpretation of the concept of “discourse”. Moreover, the authors come to the conclusion that a wide range of scientific applications of the term and the vector of scientific integration that is gaining popularity makes a significant contribution to the development of discourse theory as an interdisciplinary field of research. Practical implications. The results of this study can be applied by researchers of scientific discourse, as well as in the preparation of textbooks on academic writing, the style of scientific text.

The paper compares approaches to self-organization. The term can refer to various subjects and objects of research. Theoretical approaches contain the following elements: adaptability, self-regulation and openness of the system, consistency of actions, relevant competencies to tasks, self-development and self-training of personnel, dynamic equilibrium or its absence. Self-organization occurs when the subject of management delegates to the management object. Consequently, any decisions initiated by an object with a leadership is self-organization. The management object migrates to the domain of the management subject based on self-organization. It leads to self-development and restructuring of the management system based on motivational factors such as doing tasks, responsibility (according to McGregor’s Theory Y of motivation) and effectiveness based on the use of delegation and employee initiatives. Scrum-masters, research and teaching staff, graduate students in the field of management and readers interested in management intend the article for reading. Purpose: comparing to self-organization theoretical approaches and creating self-development model and a management system based on the self-organization principle. Methodology: the paper analyzes the research papers of foreign and Russian authors. The author applies deductive, synthesis, decomposition and graphical methods in research. Results: the author created self-development model and the management system based on the self-organization principle. Practical implications: the results obtained are applicable for the management system making focused on the agile organizations.

This article is devoted to the study of the concept of "terroir" as a socio-cultural structure. The paper presents the history of development and the main ideas of the creation of the concept of "terroir" in the context of the formation of regional cultural identity. The lack of a unified approach to determining the key characteristics of the "terroir" is due to the fact that it includes not only a set of soil and climatic features, but also cultural ones. Taking into account the difficulties of translating the term, the insufficient number of Russian-language materials, a special place in the work is occupied by a review of foreign scientific studies translated by the author on the concept of "terroir" and the identification of its role in the formation of cultural identity. The purpose of the study is to identify the research potential of the concept of "terroir" for the analysis of cultural practices related to the production and consumption of wine. The research methodology consists in using a structural and typological method to analyze the concept of "terroir" and a genetic method to establish cause-and-effect relationships between natural and cultural factors of the formation of "terroir". The work also relies on the method of cultural classification to group the typological features of the "terroir" as a result of human transformation of a natural phenomenon into a socio-cultural structure. Results: for the first time, based on the material of foreign scientific sources, the process of formation of the concept of "terroir" is considered, which involves the inclusion of social and cultural aspects in the definition of terroir, strengthens its connection with the cultural landscape. The terroir is considered as a set of natural and cultural characteristics that have a significant impact on the process of formation and actualization of regional cultural identity. The scope of the results. The work is a contribution to modern cultural, philosophical, sociological, marketing, tourism and economic studies of the terroir, as it establishes a link between the practices of wine cultivation and consumption and the cultural identity of the region. The work can become the basis for the formation of cultural policy and the image of the wine regions of Russia.

Background. The research in the sphere of audio-visual translation has acquired considerable relevance due to the growth of audio and video materials in foreign languages caused by the development of IT-technologies. While working with these sources, a translator is required to have full command of both the source and the target languages, a thorough background knowledge and translation techniques. All this necessitates the description and scientific analysis of audio-visual translation with the purpose of its evaluation, improving its quality and eliminating errors in the process of such a translation. The aim of the research. The article deals with the ways of rendering the substandard vocabulary from English into Russian in audio-visual translation. Methods and materials. The author employed such methods as stylistic, comparative and definitional analysis. In the process of the research, we used special dictionaries of slang and jargon. The material of the article is the original soundtrack of the British criminal comedy Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels and its translations into Russian. Results. In the course of the research, it was established that the Russian translations were able to convey the stylistic features of the original with a varying degree of semantic proximity. The translation of substandard vocabulary was done with the help of stylistically equivalent vocabulary. However, in some cases the translators resorted to descriptive translation. The rejection of the stylistically equivalent vocabulary can be explained by the restriction to use certain substandard vocabulary in film distribution. The research allowed to single out several translation inaccuracies such is over-literal, incomplete or loose translation of the original soundtrack. The results of the research can be used in the courses of translation theory, lexicology and linguostylistics, as well as in the papers covering the problems of audiovisual translation and film translation.

Background. Subtitling as a type of audiovisual translation has gained great popularity in recent decades. Compared to other types of audiovisual translation, the production of subtitles for films, TV series, and animated films takes less time and requires fewer financial costs. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to identify the difficulties faced by a translator in the subtitled translation of animated films. To do this, it is necessary to identify the essence and features of subtitling; identify the difficulties that translators may face in the process of subtitled translation; determine strategies for subtitled translation of animated films. Materials and Methods. To solve the tasks set, both theoretical and practical research methods were used: analysis of literature on translation theory and audiovisual translation as a special aspect of translation studies; analysis and interpretation of strategies for subtitled translation of the Strange Planet animated series. Results. The results of the study showed that audiovisual translation is a special type of translation, which includes the adaptation of texts with a complex structure combining elements coming through different channels of perception. Animated films also belong to such texts. The paper lists the features of their subtitling using the example of translating the Strange Planet cartoon series from English to Russian. Practical implications. The results of the research can be used in the practical activities of the translator, when compiling subtitles for animated films.

The paper analyzes modern pedagogical approaches to foreign language teaching via Moodle learning platform. The approaches studied ensure the effectiveness of foreign language education in the context of new models and forms of pedagogical interaction in the system of higher education. The aim of the study is to examine the implementation and beta-testing of an eLearning course based on LMS Moodle. The course has been designed in compliance with modern didactic approaches to foreign language teaching in an online learning environment of the university. The approaches ensure the effectiveness of modern foreign language education in the context of new models and forms of pedagogical interaction. The authors analyze the didactic approaches used in foreign language teaching via LMS Moodle: personality-oriented, system and activity-based, facilitative, integrated and environmental approaches. Also, the study focuses on the characteristics of the structure and content of the eLearning course for “Foreign Language” discipline, designed on the Moodle platform of Sevastopol State University incorporating the didactic approaches under review. The students learning activities and the forms of pedagogical interaction within the course structure are examined in the article. The theoretical methods of research include conducting comprehensive analysis of scientific, methodological pedagogical literature sources as well as considering pedagogical experience, synthesis and concretization of the concepts. Results: the article also presents the experience of the design and beta-testing of an eLearning course “English” for students of the Bachelor’s degree program, which was created by the lecturers of Foreign Languages Department of the Institute of Social Sciences and International Relations of Sevastopol State University based on LMS Moodle according to the approaches considered. The characteristics of various course tools and elements reflecting the approaches are given in the paper. Practical implications: the research is useful for educators interested in methodological issues of designing “Foreign language” eLearning courses based on LMS Moodle.

The paper is devoted to agro-ecological classification of agricultural land using modern methods of geo-information data analysis and machine learning. Background. There are few works in the literature, which cover the issues of accuracy of machine learning (MLL) models for agro-ecological grouping of agricultural land. A large number of raster information layers are used to improve the accuracy of land classification from satellite images. This considerably increases the time of training and testing MMOs, producing thematic maps of agricultural land classification. This approach requires considerably high computing resources and a considerable amount of computer RAM. Raster GIS data models occupy a much larger volume than vector models. In this regard, research on automated agro-ecological (grouping, classification) of agricultural land using vector GIS models is of practical importance. Purpose. The aim of the study is to apply GIS methods, remote sensing (ERS) data and machine learning methods for agricultural land grouping. Materials and methods. The materials used were synthesized multispectral high spatial resolution Sentinel-2A images, maps of vegetation indices NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), OSAVI (Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), EVI2 (Enhanced Vegetation Index2), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), SAVI, PVI, GDVI, MCARI, NDRE, TSAVI; topographic map, ALOS DSM (30 m/pixel) and ALOS PALSAR (12.5 m/pixel) satellite images, soil map and field survey results. Field measurements were carried out using the Triump-2 satellite geodetic receiver and included determination of coordinates of characteristic points of land plot boundaries, relief elements, and soil survey. Digital spatial model of land use was created using GIS ArcGIS and QGIS, Python engineering libraries were used in the machine learning process. Results. Agro-ecological grouping of lands was realized by the example of the farm "Zerno Sibiri" of Novosibirsk region using the following machine learning methods: Random Forest (RF) method, Decision Tree (DT), k-nearest neighbours method (KNN). The best accuracy is the RF machine learning model. The accuracy of the model averaged 97.9% (with training 99.9%, testing 98.8%, and cross validation 95.0%). The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is 0.006: for training sample 0.001; test sample 0.076; validation sample 0.123 respectively). The mean kappa coefficient was 0.97 (1.00 for the training sample; 0.982 for the test sample, and 0.927 for the validation sample). Conclusion. The offered method of agro-ecological grouping of agricultural lands by means of GIS, RS data and machine learning methods enabled to distinguish informative quantitative indicators of the relief. The main essence of the proposed method is to create a machine learning model (MLM) based on a spatial dataset. The spatial dataset is formed using geoinformation analysis methods and includes: geomorphometric maps, maps of agrometeorological parameters, soil map, on-farm land management map and operational-territorial units of land classification. The application of vector data model allowed for agro-ecological grouping of agricultural lands in automated mode, to accelerate labor-intensive process of raster data recognition, to increase objectivity of the work. The suggested method of agro-ecological agro-ecological grouping of lands allows taking into account the totality of relief and soil-ecological conditions indicators with the help of geoinformation analysis methods, remote sensing and machine learning.

This paper presents a development that optimizes the process of educational scheduling by creating algorithms that automatically distribute the load of the educational process and take into account all the preferences of teachers. One of the currently popular platforms for deploying these developments is the google tables platform for creating google tables and creating code based on google app script. The peculiarity of the system implemented with the help of this platform is the ease of use and minimization of resources spent on software storage, which greatly simplifies interaction with the system. Purpose – create a tool for drawing up a study schedule, interacting with a database created in Google Tables, interacting with participants of an educational institution online, which saves personal time of teachers and employees of the dean’s office. Method or methodology of the work: the article discusses a way to optimize the creation of a weekly schedule, taking into account the convenience of the teacher in the distribution of pairs and taking into account the load of the educational process by creating algorithms based on Google app script. For implementation, online tables are used that are accessible to all teachers and employees of the dean’s office, updated in real time, Tables created in Google and the google app script programming language. Result: a unique tool has been developed that implements the functions of adding, storing, interacting and round-the-clock access to training schedule data. Scope of application of the results: the curriculum, stored in online tables and updated by the dean’s office staff, should be used for monitoring by each teacher, keeping track of their time of couples in educational institutions.

Relevance. Studies in different regions of the Russian Federation confirm that corruption affects all spheres of society. The education system has not been left out. This negative phenomenon is also characteristic of this department, which, in turn, should become a standard of honesty and fairness, given its main activity – education and socialization of the younger generation. Therefore, corruption in the field of education has irreparable omissions and serious consequences. Anticipating these consequences, an anti-corruption policy is being implemented at the state level aimed at forming a personality with sustainable anti-corruption behavior. This policy is based on a legal system with a long history. The paper analyzes the regulatory and legal aspects related to anti-corruption policy. The preventive activity of subjects of prevention of corruption offenses is summarized. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of regulatory legal acts related to anti-corruption policy in the field of education. To achieve this goal, the research uses the comparative legal method, generalization and analysis of normative legal acts, the method of expert assessments, content analysis, and sociological methods. Results. The state anti-corruption policy aimed at forming a personality with sustainable anti-corruption behavior is of paramount importance in the system of countering a dangerous phenomenon. In contrast to forceful methods, anti-corruption policy, which has a strong legal basis, conducted at the state level, has good prospects. Intolerance to corrupt behavior is formed among young people from school, and anti-corruption “immunity” is developed. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of regional anti-corruption programs in the field of education.

The article deals with the topic of implementation of the flipped classroom technology of blended learning in foreign language classes in higher education. This is particularly important in terms of the need to create personalized learning experience for students. The aim of the paper is to identify the main advantages of the flipped classroom technology in foreign language teaching in higher education. Methodological basis includes theoretical and methodological analysis of literature on the research problem as well as systematization of the studied information. As a result of the research, the essence of the notion “blended learning” was revealed and the main advantages of the flipped classroom technology in foreign language classes were identified. The special place of productive method of teaching foreign languages was determined as it contributes to the development of students’ grammar-discourse competence. It was concluded that “flipped classroom”, having a number advantages, in combination with the productive method of teaching can contribute to optimization of foreign language teaching in higher education.

Purpose. Over time, paper educational materials are supplemented and replaced by electronic ones, so a new problem has arisen – the presentation of educational information in a new form, taking into account the wide possibilities of information technology. With the help of the Internet, humanity has created a huge system of hypertexts. The user, by creating his own route of movement through the links, creates meaning inside his consciousness, complements it depending on the information he meets. The use of hypertext in teaching mathematics allows you to organize a personality-oriented approach, explore the routes of students in a network structure. The purpose of the article is to focus the research on the investment of the case method in a hypertext structure, to create a case model using hypertext, to analyze the route system of the case model. The created hypertext case will be a prototype of the construction of educational material using hypertext technology and the case method. Methodology. The research is based on the analysis and synthesis of psychological-pedagogical and educational-methodical literature, on modeling the structure of educational material (case) using hypertext technology. Results. Creation of a hypertext case model for teaching semantic reading to secondary school students based on the analysis of the structure and elements of hypertext and case. Practical implications. The results can be applied in the creation of an electronic textbook on mathematics, a collection of mathematical cases for teaching semantic reading to students.

Purpose. The article examines research skills formation in undergraduate students by means of a foreign language as a necessary aspect of their academic and professional activities. This paper aims to assess possibility of elective foreign language course in forming elementary research skills in the students of non-linguistic specializations. Materials and methods. The main theoretical methods are analysis of pedagogical and methodological literature on the problem, comparison, generalization. The leading method is a pedagogical experiment. The basis for the forming of research skills is an elective distance learning course aimed at using sources in a foreign language. Results. The article presents data on the methods of forming research skills among university students. The obtained results indicate the formation of research skills of non-linguistic degree courses’ students in the implementation of an elective distance course in a foreign language. As a result of studying this course students have developed research skills necessary for using English for scientific goals and academic needs.

Purpose. This paper is devoted to consideration of the color terms in French and German idioms and paremias and determining specifics of color perception in both languages. The authors made a comprehensive analysis of French and German idioms and paremias which contain color components. Color lexics containing such colors as blue/azure, red, green, yellow, white and black serves as the object of the analysis. Color palette clearly reflects cultural diversity, a worldview of French and German people. Method and methodology of the work. The study is based on comparative and descriptive method and method of thematical analysis of lexical units. Results. The results of the conducted research let us to conclude that color terms in both French and German languages are quite diverse from the national-cultural perspective and convey a high degree of intensity. Color perception is grounded on emotional impressions. All the color terms considered in the current article have positive as well as negative assessment, more rarely neutral. Practical implications. The outcomes of the study can be used in teaching lexicology, phraseology, stylistics, as well as within the field of linguistic and cultural studies of France and Germany.

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to analyze maintenance errors caused by linguistic factors and review the possibility of using Simplified Technical English as a way to minimize such errors. Rationale. The issue of correct development of English language manuals designed for a large number of users and the issue of their proper understanding by specialists with limited language command are specifically important nowadays with the growing fleet of foreign aircraft in Russia and with the expanding capabilities of exporting Russian-made aircraft to the global market. Study methodology. The paper is based on the analysis and consolidation of the provisions of international regulatory documents and available scientific publications. Findings. A significant number of errors was determined to be caused by inadequate understanding of the relevant instructions in English, and, therefore, to be preventable by simplifying their terminology and grammar. The historic study of this issue revealed several attempts to standardize the texts of aviation maintenance documents, the most successful of which was the creation of the Simplified Technical English specification (ASD-STE100).

Purpose. The paper is focused on the analysis of the Russian historical culture-specific words of the ruling period of Ivan IV Vasilyevich and Boris Godunov and their translation into French. During this period, Russia was transformed in both structural and socio-political ways (the formation of the Russian centralized state, the reforms of Izbranaya Rada (Chosen Council), replacement of the Code of law (Sudebnik) of 1497 by the Code of law (Sudebnik) of 1550, the strengthening of the army, the conquest of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, the beginning of the Russian conquest of Siberia etc.). Therefore, many new words were created to designate the changes of that time. Methodology. Methodological framework of this paper is based on the comparative analysis of historical culture-specific words in the French texts (“La Grande Histoire des Tsars”) by Russian immigrant Henri Troyat, which were translated back into Russian language as separate works “Ivan the Terrible” (translation by E. Sutotskaya) and “Boris Godunov” (translation by A.G. Doronin). Results. The analysis reveals how historical culture-specific words are translated from Russian into French and vice versa. Also, own examples of possible translation and their analysis are given. Moreover, it is discussed whether it is even possible to translate the so-called non-equivalent lexis without losing the original meaning. Practical implications. The results of the research can be applied in the study of various translation techniques as well as in the translation of historical works.

Sports facilities are essential part of city and municipal infrastructure nowadays. This article presents an overview of approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of sports facilities as a tool for improving the quality of people’s life. Moreover, this paper presents mechanisms that can improve the effectiveness of a sports facility. The author provides information about the integral indicator of living standard and about urban environment quality index, which are calculated using information about sports facilities. The paper provides a comparative analysis of sports registries of different countries, which provide access to information about sports infrastructure for the population; the criteria necessary for improving the Russian registry are identified. Also, based on the analysis of data from the “Arena” competition, more effective criteria for evaluating the performance of sports facilities were formulated. Purpose: perform a review of approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of sports facilities as a tool for improving the quality of people’s life. Methodology: in this article method of analysis and synthesis, methods of description were used. Results: tools for improving the effectiveness of sports facilities as a factor affecting the standard of living of the region were identified. Practical implications: the results should be used by the Ministry of sport of the Russian Federation for developing requirements for sports facilities; employees of territorial planning services; services which develop measures to improve living standards.

The article analyzes the social indicators of the standard of living of families with children in the Republic of Tatarstan, published by official statistics. The measures of social support for families with children are systematized according to the criteria of the need of families. Purpose of the paper. This paper will assess the standard of living of families with children in the Republic of Tatarstan on the basis of official statistics. Method or methodology of the work. Traditional methods of economic analysis and synthesis, statistical and comparative methods are used. Results. An analysis of the structure of the final consumption and the nutritional composition of households indicates a low standard of living of families with two or more children compared with other groups of households. Wages are not able to provide a socially acceptable standard of living for an employee and his family. Families with children with one working parent are at the high risk of falling below the poverty line. An analysis of the applied measures of the social support for families with children shows that, guided by the principle of targeting, social benefits are provided mainly for the poor in accordance with the criteria for the poverty adopted in society. Families, whose incomes are close to the subsistence level, remain outside the state support system. The scope of the results. The results of the study can be used by regional and federal authorities to develop the areas of the social and family policy aimed at the improving of living standards and combating poverty of families with children. This paper can also be used by scientists interested in this problem.

It is frequently believed that electric cars are an important means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in global transport, especially for passenger automobile transport. The purpose of this paper is to study the relative energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions of electric vehicles compared to cars with an internal combustion engine. A comparison of energy efficiency as well as a comparison of greenhouse gas emissions were used as methods in this paper. Energy efficiency comparisons are complicated by conflicting methods used for primary sources of electricity, such as hydro, solar, or wind. This paper reviews the extent to which electric cars can effectively address global climate change and fossil fuel depletion. Moreover, the paper proves that comparing electric vehicles and vehicles with an internal combustion engine is much more complicated than generally accepted. Uncertainties arise both when using primary energy and when calculating greenhouse gas emissions. In general, it must be concluded that the benefits of using electric vehicles for energy and greenhouse gases are less than usually expected. Only when renewable energy prevails in interconnected energy systems, it will be safe to claim the superiority of electric vehicles.

Formation of the national technological basis for the needs of the Russian defense industrial complex has now high importance. Formation of this basis can be insured by means of industrial policy. Selection of this policy should be based on the expected military and economic effect. Goal of the paper: construction of the method of evaluation of military and economic effect of measures aimed at the support of Russian machine-building industry. Methods: general methods of analysis and synthesis, method of mathematical modeling. Results: the paper contains methods of evaluation of direct and indirect economic effect of implementation of industrial policy for the support of the Russian machine-building industry for the defense industrial complex, method of evaluation of military effect, method of evaluation of integral military and economic effect.

The paper considers and tests methodological approaches to assessing public health risks when establishing and using the sanitary (seventh) subzone in an airport zone. Testing was performed at a large civilian airport in Russia. It involved outlining noise contours in accordance with the ICAO methodology. The aviation noise contours were verified with the results produced by instrumental measurements. Acoustic exposure was calculated through assessing averaged daily equivalent noise level (LDN) that was equal to 65 dBA. Health risk assessment showed that long-term exposure primarily affected the cardiovascular system: moderate risks would occur by 23 years; high, by 55 years; and very high, by 63 years. Identified health disorders may become apparent through elevated blood pressure, heart diseases, myocardial infarctions and others. Background. It is quite common to locate certain objects within an AZ that are subject to sanitary-epidemiological standardization. Use of any AZ for location of such objects should be well grounded and this is a significant issue occurring when the sanitary (seventh) subzone is established. In particular, this concerns equivalent outdoor noise levels and equivalent and maximum permissible indoor noise levels. Purpose. Our research goal was to test the suggested approach to health risk assessment within the boundaries of an aircraft zone. Materials and methods. Our research object was a large civil aviation airport located in the temperate zone with an average daily number of landings and takeoffs being about 200. At the exposure assessment stage, we calculated aircraft noise contours by using a certified software package that was based on «Recommended Method for Computing Noise Contours Around Airports» (ICAO Doc 9911-2018). We took an equivalent averaged noise level (LAday, dBА) as an indicator applied to estimate population exposure to a harmful factor. We performed continuous AN measurements on a territory that was planned for development. This AN occurred due to AC takeoffs and landings with more than 600 AC flights detected during the measurement period. This determined effects produced by AN on the examined territory. Assessment of “exposure – response” and “exposure – effect” relationships involved using recurrent risk growth equations built on conventional pair mathematical models. This risk was measured within a range from 0 to 1 and scale was considered when giving its estimates. Results. This value was calculated based on maximum noise levels established during a single aircraft flight when it took off or landed along a route that was the most significant for determining exposure to aircraft noise. We also calculated equivalent noise levels at day and at night that corresponded to flight intensities typical for normal airport operations (2019). These levels were LAeq.day = 66,0 dBA (“takeoff”), LAeq.night = 52,0 dBA (“landing”). Health risk assessment indicated that long-term (chronic) exposure to average daily noise LАd = 65 dBA primarily produced effects on the cardiovascular system. This created moderate risks by the age of 23 years; high risks, 55 years; and extremely high risks, by 63 years. We established that living for more than 15 years in an airport zone with identified noise levels could result in negative health outcomes. Conclusion. Overall, we have confirmed that health risk assessment should be considered an important instrument for substantiating boundaries of a zone influenced by an airport. Results produced by such assessment are a key criterion in determining how to use a territory near an airport in future as regards locating capital objects there including residential areas and their exploitation.

The changing trade procedures within the healthcare system aim to improve the procurement mechanisms for medical products (MP), means of supplier identification, ways to reduce contract prices, and informational foundation for contracting. Research on the efficiency of MP procurement systems in the federal subjects of the Russian Federation and legislative acts applied to them is especially relevant today. This work aims to compare structural differences in contract-regulated MP procurement systems in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). The official website www.zakupki.gov.ru provides data on volumes and structure of MP supply in medical and pharmaceutical organizations of the RB. This paper contains the indexes of supplier and consumer rotation in the RB trade in 2013 and 2017 and a comparative analysis of tenders according to the form of order placement. The authors calculated the efficiency gains of signed contracts and conducted a comparative analysis of the examined tenders in the MP procurement system according to federal legislation (federal laws). The work undertaken allowed the authors to determine development tendencies in the competition among MP suppliers, identify the structural specificity of the MP tenders, and demonstrate their efficiency. The authors present conclusions drawn based on the comparative analysis and provide recommendations on the improvement of MP procurement in the RB. They identify the high potential of the republic to implement digital public auctions as a form of an MP procurement mechanism in accordance with Federal Law No. 223-FZ.

The paper presents data on the effect of phytoremediation: the use of a mixture of winter vetch and wheat as green manure [GM] and their combination with the microbial preparation Azotobacterin [AB] (GM +AB) in vineyard rows on soil fertility on piedmont carbonate chernozems. A variant with overgrowing of row spacing with segetal vegetation served as a control. The studies were conducted in 2018–2019 in the foothill zone of the Crimea in a vineyard founded in 2002, on grapes of cultivar ‘Bastardo Magarachsky’. Also, GM cultures were sown in November and plowed in May next year. It was found that 0.19–0.21 kg m–2 of organic matter dry mass got into the soil during the plowing with GM, 1.6 times more than in the control. Thus, GM leads to the accumulation of moisture in the layer 60–100 cm, 13.4% higher than the control, and an increase in pHH2O and active carbonates content within the permissible values for grapes. There was an accumulation of organic carbon by 0.31–0.45%, mobile forms of nutrients in the soil: NO3 - by 18%, P2O5 - by 3.2 times, K2O - by 39% in the 0–60 cm layer under the influence of GM.

Relevance. The social dimension of the concept of sustainable development is recognized as the most relevant but least developed. Ensuring social sustainability requires effective interdisciplinary cooperation based on a modern evolutionary-synergetic picture of the world. Objective. To formulate the concept of social system sustainability within the framework of evolutionary-synergetic paradigm. Materials and Methods. The philosophical and methodological analysis of the works of foreign and domestic authors in the field of social philosophy, sociology and synergetics was carried out. Results. The notions of sustainability in synthetic evolution of G. Spencer are considered. The role of division of labor in ensuring the social sustainability from the position of the concept of social solidarity of E. Durkheim is revealed. The mechanism of ensuring the sustainability of civilizations in the theory of historical evolution A. Toynbee is described. The prevailing role of sociocultural metaevolution in increasing of adaptive sustainability of society is noted. The paper analyzes the principles of the antifragile strategy proposed by N.N. Taleb to increase sustainability in conditions of nonlinearity and uncertainty.The applicability of synergetic methodology to the study of the problem of social sustainability is substantiated. The role of personality in the formation of a sustainable social system in the synergetic concept of S.P. Kurdyumov and E.N. Knyazeva is established. Discussion. The problem of the balance between chaos and order in sustainable society, as well as the mechanisms of self-organization of the social system in the studies of the Russian school of synergetics is considered. Conclusion. From the standpoint of evolutionism and synergetics, the sustainability of society is a property of purposeful increase in the efficiency of social processes as it moves towards the at-tractor of social justice along the optimal trajectory with minimal controlling influence.