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(The ancient tradition concerning Pythagoras of Samos’ role as the founder of physiognomy): This paper collects and analyzes ancient sources that refer to Pythagoras of Samos as the founder of physiognomy. Interest in physiognomy, which deals with the relationship between the body and the spirit, has become more popular over the last few years; however, many aspects of research into the topic are still obscure and worthy of further study. Physiognomy was assumed by ancient authors to be the method by which candidates were selected to enter the Pythagorean community, used by the Greek philosopher and his followers. Information about Pythagoras, who – by simply looking at somebody – could recognize their character appears, in the works of Aulus Gellius, Hippolytus, Porphyry, Iamblichos, Proclos and Olympiodorus. Apart from discussing testimonia about Pythagoras and his physiognomic examinations, the text explores the role of physiognomy during the selection process for the Pythagorean community in order to provide a better understanding of elite traditions within society. The paper also supplies further insight with regards to the methodology behind physiognomical surveys, which were popular during antiquity.

(Tiberius’ Actions in Selected Regions as Instruments of Diplomatic Policy from 20 BCE to 37 CE): This article is devoted to the diplomatic activities of Tiberius which can be divided into two main phases. The first period concerns the time before Tiberius became emperor (20 BCE–14 CE), whilst the second relates to his time as ruler of the Empire (14–37). The composition of the work is geographical, because in some regions Tiberius acted as a diplomatic envoy of Augustus and later as the emperor. The paper discusses his role and how effective his actions were with regards to the following regions: (I) Armenia and Parthia; (II) Pannonia; (III) Germania; (IV) Thrace; (V) Cappadocia, Commagene, Amanus and Pontus; (VI) Greek cities; (VII) Palestine and Syria.

Francis Bacon says knowledge is power. The creation of knowledge and its dissemina-tion largely depends on the creation of literary works. The great works of Shakespeare, da Vinci, Homer, Picasso, Milton, Tagore etc. have been a treasure trove of mankind. Human beings have enjoyed the work, been inspired by the work, taken joy and eternal bliss in such works. However, the creation of knowledge is dependent on pre-existing knowledge. Creators create a work which requires hard work, imagi-nation, creativity and which is incentivised by recognition of their work. The legal order of a couth society affords protection to such a work by copyright law & fair use. Fair use allows a person to use a work by duly acknowledging and referencing the work. Issue of plagiarism and abuse of fair use was aggravated by human greed. The economic implication of copyright infringement aggravated the whole issue. Referencing turned into war. The Bluebook, the Maroonbook, the ALWD, the APA and OSCOLA citation styles engaged in some kind of a war. Reference management systems like Zotero, Endnote, Mendeley etc. just fanned the flame. Disruptive and generative artificial intelligence has created a serious challenge to academic research. In this paper, the author attempts to delve into the inter-linkage of academic writing, research, citation, copyright, referencing mechanism and plagiarism in contempo-rary society, and the aftermath of it. The author attempts to investigate the challenges of writing and the protection of works vis-a-vis referencing tools and techniques

In this paper, the author seeks to reconstruct the linguistic worldview of ‘joy’ appearing in the Canticle of the Sun written by St. Francis of Assisi. During the reconstruction, it caused a special difficulty that the word ‘joy’ did not occur explicitly in the work under investigation, so the contents referring and related to it could only be examined indirectly. The need to place the Canticle in a broader context made it inevitable to outline the era and include certain biographical elements, and the complexity of the analysis required the application of linguistic-historical, textological, translational and theological aspects in addition to the literary ones during the investigation. The analysis of the work was carried out by including the original Italian version of the text and its English translation together, by exploring the psychological and theological deep layers of the poetic images used by St. Francis and by presenting the mythological content associated with them. During the investigation, the author of this paper came to the conclusion that the primary source of joy that fills St. Francis as he sings about creatures in his Canticle is actually not of this world, but transcendent.

Introduction Vegetarianism is an eating pattern centred on plant-based food. It encompasses many diets that differ in terms of whether they contain goods originating from animals, like milk and eggs. Nowadays, vegetarianism is increasing in popularity in developed nations, particularly in Europe. Individuals choose vegetarian diets for reasons related to health, ethics, or ecology. The rising popularity of vegetarian diets is not limited to adults but is also increasing among children. Aim of the study Vegetarian diets are generally considered to be beneficial for health. However, there are concerns over the ability to meet the dietary requirements necessary during infancy, youth, and adolescence on a vegetarian diet. Therefore, the primary aim of this systematic review is to answer questions about the efficacy of a plant-based diet in meeting the nutritional requirements of children and how to avoid the risk of nutritional deficiencies among vegetarian children. Material and methods Article provides an overview of the current literature about the vegetarian diet in children. The information has been collected from a comprehensive search of electronic databases, scientific journals, and statement papers published by nutrition and paediatric organisations. Results Following a vegetarian diet can be a beneficial decision for all children, assuming that it is properly organised and well balanced. The majority of paediatric and nutrition organisations do not recommend more strict diets for children, such as a vegan diet, which fully excludes not only meat but all animal products.

Introduction: In the last few years, obesity has become a central issue with more than 2.6 billion people worldwide being overweight or obese. While the risks associated with this condition and its rising significance are widely known, the effect of this attention on screening and treatment remains unsatisfying. This paper explores multiple treatment strategies and evaluates their effectiveness in preventing obesity-related complications. Review methods: We conducted our study as a literature review, with data being gathered via PubMed and Embase. The state of knowledge: Physical activity, behavioral therapy, and proper nutrition remain the foundation for obesity therapy. However, in many cases these approaches are insufficient. Recently, there has been a dynamic development of bariatric surgery, which in comparison to lifestyle modification, results in better long-term effects and improved quality of life. New surgery procedures, such as sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding, have shown to be one of the most effective, but they carry a risk of complications. Conclusions: Growing treatment options allow doctors to choose more targeted strategies, based on the patient’s risk factors, overall health status, and compliance. Improvements in surgery, especially laparoscopic techniques have opened new possibilities for patients with morbid obesity.

Introduction Ashwagandha, a traditional Indian plant, is gaining increasive attention from scientists worldwide due to its potential health benefits, especially in the context of its antibacterial and anticancer properties. Aim of the study The aim of this review was to discuss recent findings regarding the impact of Withania Somnifera on antibacterial effect and its potential applications in anticancer therapy. Materials and methods: The paper was created based on the Pubmed and Google Scholar database. The literature was reviewed using the keywards: ,,Ashwagandha”, ,,Withania Somnifera”, ,,antibacterial ”, ,,anticancer”, ,,side effects”, ,,breats cancer”. Results Studies have confirmed Withania Somnifera, exhibits significant anticacterial and anticancer effects. It inhibits the growth of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Futhermore, it demonstrates anticancer activity, especially in breast cancer, by stimulating apoptosis, induction of cytotoxic effects on cancerous cells and increasing cell sensitivity to radiation. Conclusion Despite promising results, futher research on the benefits of Ashwagandha, particulary in the long term, is essential. There is growing need of more research of the potencial benefits of Ashwagandha in the treatment of various disorders including cancer and bacterial infections and to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. The need for large randomized studies comparing long term clinical effectiveness is emphasized

Introduction and purpose: Citrus bergamia, commonly known as bergamot, is a unique plant native to the Calabria region in Italy, prized for its fragrant fruits and versatile applications. Historically utilized for extracting essential oil, bergamot has garnered attention for its therapeutic properties, particularly its Bergamot-derived Polyphenolic Fraction (BPF), which exhibits lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive summary of existing research on the therapeutic potential of BPF in humans. Brief description of the state of knowledge: BPF has shown promise in supporting wound healing, alleviating neuropathic pain, and exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Research highlights BPF's role in modulating lipid metabolism, particularly in reducing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. Additionally, BPF demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects, accelerating the recovery process in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and potentially influencing pathways involved in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Further studies explore BPF's impact on bone metabolism, erectile dysfunction, and its potential in dermatological applications, particularly in counteracting photoaging. Conclusions: While existing studies underscore the promising therapeutic effects of BPF in various medical domains, further research is warranted to establish its efficacy and safety for broader clinical use. Continued investigation on a larger scale holds the potential to develop BPF as a valuable physiotherapeutic strategy across diverse medical fields.

Introduction The rising prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has prompted concerns regarding its potential health implications. While much attention has focused on respiratory and cardiovascular effects, injuries, oral trauma, and bone fractures linked to e-cigarette use have received less scrutiny. This paper aims to comprehensively review the landscape of injuries, oral trauma, and bone fractures induced by e-cigarettes, shedding light on this underexplored facet of e-cigarette-related harm. Material and Methods This literature review has analyzed 16 papers. Inclusion criteria: researches and case reports published after 2015. PubMed and Google Scholar has been searched to identify the papers. Analysis of the Literature Existing literature suggests a growing incidence of injuries, oral trauma, and bone fractures associated with e-cigarette use, albeit with limited systematic investigation. Mechanisms underlying these injuries range from device malfunctions to inadvertent impacts during use. Case reports highlight a spectrum of injuries, including oral burns, dental trauma, and skeletal fractures, often involving the face and mouth regions. Conclusions Despite the lack of comprehensive epidemiological data emerging evidence underscores the need for heightened awareness and preventive measures to mitigate e-cigarette-related injuries. Enhanced education, regulation of e-cigarette devices, and promotion of safer usage practices are crucial steps towards reducing the burden of e-cigarette-related harm on oral and skeletal health.

Introduction and purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in the female reproductive age. As treatment guidelines include lifestyle changes, various diet types are being evaluated in terms of efficacy among them ketogenic diet (KD) which was also assessed in terms of its influence on another ovarian related disease - ovarian cancer. The aim of this paper is an analysis of the available scientific data in respect of the role of the KD as a part of the therapy of ovarian related disorders. The search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholarship databases. Brief description of the state of knowledge: Ketogenic diet demonstrates favorable effects in the hormonal profile of PCOS-affected women. It was also noticed that its administration results in the reduction of BMI and the improvement in glycemic parameters. Most of the research was conducted by linking the ketogenic diet with the caloric restriction. In the matter of ovarian cancer the results are unclear; some of the research states the improvement of the quality of life of the participants, but there is some alarming data of the possible role of KD in enhancing the tumor growth. Conclusions: Ketogenic diet merits further research as a possible factor in the treatment of PCOS as foregoing results are pointing to its efficacy. Nevertheless, still more data is needed to determine its role as studies were conducted within a short period of time with relatively small research groups. There are also other limitations such as the lack of comparison with other dietary patterns with the caloric deficit which makes it difficult to deduce the main profitable factor. When it comes to ovarian cancer the results of the current data are also unclear and unambiguous with the possible negative effects.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. There are two forms of bladder cancer: non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and muscle invasive bladder cancer. A common treatment method for non- muscle invasive bladder cancer is intravesical BCG (Mycobaterium bovis) therapy after radical tumor resection. It is estimated that half of patients will have an insufficient response to BCG treatment. Patients using this type of therapy also report side effects more and more often. Aim of the study: The aim of this article is to discuss the latest discoveries in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer when BCG therapy is insufficient. Material and Methods: The paper was created based on the PubMed and Scholar database. The literature was reviewed using the key words: „bladder cancer”; „BCG”; „treatment”; „side effects”; „novel therapies”. Results: The research shows that novel therapies are effective and safe compared to the use of BCG. In such patients, atezolizumab, metformin or intravesical magnesium sulfate infusions may be used as an alternative. An innovative solution is the use of HIVEC - heated chemotherapy administered intravesically. There are also drugs that potentiate the action of BCG, making the therapy more effective. These include: sasanlimab and rapamycin. Due to the side effects experienced by patients, the use of intravesical BCG is often replaced with intravesical infusions of chemotherapy drugs. Conclusion: The research shows that novel therapies are effective compared to the use of BCG. Unfortunately, more research is needed to standardize the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Finger flexor pulley injuries are the most common overuse injuries sustained by climbers. These injuries are caused by forceful gripping techniques specific to climbing, making them uncommon in non-climbing activities. With the growing popularity of climbing, there is a rising need for accurate diagnosis and improved treatment methods. This paper explores current diagnostic techniques, including physical examination, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. It also discusses treatment options, which range from conservative rehabilitation to surgery, depending on the severity of the injury. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of injury prevention through proper warm-up and avoiding excessive strain.

Introduction and purpose: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, is a rare and complex vascular disorder characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation. It can present significant challenges in diagnosis and management, as it is currently estimated up to 90% of those affected are never diagnosed. Despite its rarity, HHT can carry substantial implications for patients and their families, at times requiring comprehensive medical care and support. This paper aims to provide an in-depth exploration of HHT, encompassing its epidemiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current management strategies. Moreover, we hope to point out possible areas in need of future research. Description of the state knowledge: HHT is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects 1 in 5-10,000 people. Its most prominent symptoms include telangiectasia of skin and mucous membranes, recurrent epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding and arteriovenous malformations in vital organs. In the vast majority of cases, it is caused by a mutation in one of the following genes: ENG, ACVRL1, SMAD4; however, mutations in other genes have been described to cause a similar or much the same constellation of symptoms. Treatment options are focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life, but possible new treatment options are being researched that could change the landscape of HHT management. Summary: HHT is a severely underdiagnosed disease that has seen a surge of researchers’ interest in recent years. We firmly believe that, combined with plummeting costs of genetic testing and possible new treatment options, means that HHT will become increasingly important in physicians’ everyday practice.

This article provides an overview of the challenges faced at the intersection of philosophy and translation studies. The interdisciplinary scope under consideration covers philosophical contributions to theoretical investigation of translation, which are substantively grounded in the experiences of practicing translators, amongst whom are philosophers. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the prominent role of philosophy in establishing the fundamental conditions and concepts of translation, and addresses the numerous philosophical approaches contributing to the interdisciplinary discourse on the nature of translation. Considerable attention is given to metaphysical and epistemological points that seem to play a significant role in conceptualising translation issues and establishing the theoretical foundations of translation studies, as well as in providing a deeper insight into the translation process. On the whole, the philosophisation of the translation phenomenon contributes to the substantial growth of both philosophical thought and translation studies.

GERMAN AND POLISH NAMES OF HIGHER SCHOOLS FROM A LINGUISTIC AND TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE (20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES) The present paper is an attempt to describe the nomination usus (namegiving linguistic custom) regarding higher schools of the German-speaking area on the one hand, and of the Polish-speaking one on the other. The specific semantic categories of nominal components correspond to grammatical realisations, which are subject to certain structural constraints, as well as exhibit more and less typical forms. Informed by such observations – initiated by Jan Iluk’s overview paper [2000] and refined by an analysis of much broader material, encompassing Austrian and Swiss names as well – I tried to show the name-giving possibilities and tendencies in this field in both German and Polish, mainly with a view to a translation-related application of such contrastive analysis. The findings presented here, based on the material of a considerable number of higher school names in the examined area and combined with the presentation of about 100 German and some 45 Polish examples (provided with translations), should help both in evaluating already published equivalents, hardly ever official in the case of German, and proposing one’s own ones – also because of the non-existence of given equivalents in publications, be it only Internet-based ones.

ON ADVERBS IN TRANSLATION AND ON EVALUATION IN TEXT – BASED ON SELECTED FRAGMENTS IN THE POLISH TRANSLATIONS OF BOOKS BY RICHARD DAWKINS The use of adverbs can be related to the expression of evaluative meanings, which play a key role, for example, in the argumentative discourse of popular science. The way evaluative elements are rendered in translation may be important for maintaining the persuasive power of the original text. The aim of the paper is to look at selected fragments of the Polish translations of two popular science books by Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion and Outgrowing God, and to see how English adverbs expressing evaluative and volitional meanings were rendered in them, and how the choices made may affect the perception of the text. The analysis uses models of appraisal in language and discourse developed by researchers in the field of English-language text linguistics and discourse studies.

The motivation for this paper comes from the recognition that our understanding of specialisation might be too simplistic and that the dichotomy of specialisation and diversification could be outdated not reflecting the richness of real complex economic and technological relations among industries. Drawing on a qualitative study of the Hamburg Aviation (HAv) cluster, this paper discusses the peculiarities of a cluster profile in the digital time – the age of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), touching upon the issues of cluster structure and the complexity of production, synchronising specialisation with diversification, branching, and bridging, and the I4.0 attributes facilitating complementarity. The final research proposal, which is empirically embedded in the studied context, states that related variety encompassing both ‘specialisation in diversification’ and ‘diversification within specialisation’ can be further developed by a blending process. This can lead to branching and is modulated by the universal character of the I4.0 and a problem-solving attitude. It takes the form of an additive (new entries) or multiplicative (spinoffs) evolution, and, ultimately, owing to the complementarity, it can provide sustainable competitive advantages.

The paper focuses on a reexamination and reassessment of the textual evidence of Enoch’s Vision of the Heavenly Temple and of its classical interpretation as a heavenly temple complex. In line with the common scholarly opinion, 1 En. 14:8–25 has so far been interpreted in the sense of a bipartite or even tripartite temple which resembles the earthly temple in Jerusalem not only in structure but also in appearance. In contrast, this paper claims that this passage of the Book of the Watchers provides a twofold vision of two different temples, namely the inferior earthly temple and the ideal heavenly sanctuary. In this way, it articulates one of the most radical temple critiques of ancient Judaism. This interpretation is based on a careful textual analysis and a meticulous discussion of the individual elements of, in particular, the first house, taking into account other ancient Jewish sources such as Ezekiel, Haggai and the Animal Apocalypse which partially have been ignored so far but provide a helpful and illuminating background for the interpretation of Enoch’s Heavenly Vision.

This study addresses the functioning of the single-source public procurement procedure in the current legal order in terms of its compliance with the essence of the principle of competition. The main purpose of this work is to verify the following thesis: single-source procurement as a classical procurement procedure is a procedure that contradicts the essence of public procurement. For this purpose, the study is divided into six sub-sections. The introduction to the topic presents a short description of the discussed procedure of awarding a public contract. Then, the thesis and antithesis related to the topic of the discussion are presented. Subsequently, a polemic with the thesis and antithesis presented in the introduction is conducted. The paper closes with a summary containing the answer to the problems raised in the article. The research methodology used in the work is the analysis of literature and jurisprudence in the field of public procurement, in particular regarding the procedure of single-source procurement. This analysis allows the identification of a number of problems related to maintaining the principle of competition.

This study aims to present to the readers the achievements of Russian literary scholar Vladimir Propp and to analyse the possibility of applying them in jurisprudence. Propp researched literary pieces from the magical tale genre and came to a conclusion that their plot is composed of 31 repeating functions performed by 7 types of characters. Propp showed that despite variations in the names of actions, characters and superficial attributes in various folk tales, the deep level of the text of these works allowed readers to notice some identical elements between them. Propp’s major work - Morphology of the Folktale, together with anthropologist Claud Lévi-Strauss’s thought and the findings made by Noam Chomsky became an inspiration for the development of the French school of structuralism and narratological research. The discussion presented in this article fits the research realm called law and literature, especially its narratological branch. This study presents a synthetic elaboration on the state of the art of research on legal narratology and possible application and limitations of Propp’s thought in this field. This work does not rely on the analysis of the law in force, thereby a reference to such a method or a reference to the historical development of relevant law is unnecessary here. Instead, discourse analysis plays the pivotal role in this article. This paper points out that given the differences that occur between law and literature, Propp’s achievements may primarily play the role of inspiration for jurisprudence, though there are realms in which Propp’s method may be applied directly.

The child tax credit is a tax relief under the Polish Personal Income Tax system. The purpose of this paper is to present this tax preference. Authors try to reach this objective by a detailed analysis of relevant legal provisions and jurisprudence. The main thesis of the article is that the child tax credit could have a positive impact on the birth rate in Poland provided that certain changes are introduced. In our conclusions we identify four shortcomings of the child tax credit: 1) the child tax credit is available only for taxpayers who pay PIT on general terms; 2) the child tax credit for only one child depends on the income criterion which has not been indexed since 2013; 3) the value of the child tax credit is negligible and its amount has not changed since 2015; 4) taxpayers who care for unrelated, disabled and adult persons do not have the right to the child tax credit because of the tax authorities’ narrow understanding of the maintenance obligation. Authors formulate proposals for solutions of the said shortcomings. An analysis of legal acts, relevant literature and court decisions is the primary research method employed in this paper.

The article concerns issues related to the tenure of the executive body in Polish local government units. The paper aims to make a spatial analysis of the phenomenon of multicadency of mayors in Łódź voivodeship. The study was carried out in two dimensions: spatial (rural municipalities in Łódź voivodeship) and temporal (local government elections in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018). The analysis based on data from the State Election Commission revealed that re-election is a frequent phenomenon in the rural municipalities of Łódź voivodeship. It is probably because local authorities respond to the needs and expectations of voters. This strengthens their positive feelings, increases satisfaction and leads to the formation of positive motives for participation in local government elections and election decisions (identified with the re-election of the municipal executive).

The case study research presented here focuses on the modern building of the State High School of Fine Arts in Cracow. The objective was to examine the adaptability of school architecture in response to new educational challenges. The survey gathered data using a paper questionnaire involving most students (N = 167). Mixed techniques were used to collect data, including participant drawings and free statements. The investigated issues included evaluating the school’s responsiveness to students’ needs, understanding the meaning of places, identifying students’ favourite places, and exploring the emotional relationship and identification with school goals and use of school space. The findings indicate that students value the school’s artistic ambience, desire greater space flexibility for participation and creativity, and a dedicated area for everyday needs.

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to economically evaluate the condition of animal husbandry in the Republic of Kazakhstan and also to determine the necessity and possibility of the creation of an effective meat hub. Methodology / approach. The following methods were used: economic analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, systematization and generalization, factor analysis, institutional analysis, and modelling that helped identify problems of the livestock industry, and ways for its development. Results. The paper presents the results of the analysis of world and regional production and consumption of livestock and poultry; import and export of meat products in Asian countries, including Kazakhstan; the dynamics and structure of livestock in farms of different categories; the dynamics of gross income of livestock production of the republic; SWOT-analysis of efficiency of agricultural enterprises. Studying the meat market trends in the world and in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and also the dynamics of production and consumption of meat and meat products is a basis for argumentation when choosing strategically important measures on application of forms and ways of control, creation of the economic forecast, definition of the basic vectors of effective development of this industry in the long term taking into account influence of factors of various nature. Originality / scientific novelty. The study makes an original contribution by providing a comprehensive, evidence-based analysis of the current state and future prospects of Kazakhstan’s livestock sector, while proposing innovative structural solutions through a specialised meat hub to improve productivity, quality and competitiveness. Practical value / implications. The study suggests the need to enhance meat production to meet domestic demand and boost exports. Achieving this involves innovating meat processing and sales, improving animal productivity through genetic advancements, enhancing infrastructure, and establishing livestock centres. Ongoing monitoring of the meat market is essential for crafting strategies to improve the livestock sector. Besides, creating a “meat hub” model will reduce investment and operational expenses for production units, streamline production based on set standards and consumer demand, enhance product liquidity, and augment income for small entrepreneurial forms.

Purpose. This research aims to quantify the willingness to pay (WTP) of urban residents in the Mekong Delta for the environmental and social benefits associated with renewable energy projects. By analysing their preferences and priorities regarding renewable energy implementation, this study aims to contribute to the increasing knowledge on the drivers of sustainable energy transitions in developing regions. Methodology / approach. This paper leverages a choice modeling (CM) framework to analyse the economic viability of renewable energy investments in Vietnam. The CM technique is advantageous for its ability to capture individual preferences for complex goods or services characterised by multiple attributes and trade-offs. This enables a detailed assessment of the diverse economic values associated with renewable energy sources, beyond their traditional energy generation capacity, including environmental externalities, social impacts, and potential synergies with other sectors. Results. Residents showed significant WTP for renewable energy initiatives improving landscape aesthetics, wildlife habitats, air quality, and job opportunities. Higher income, education, and knowledge level are positively associated with greater WTP. Younger respondents showed a strong position in favor of renewable energy sources. Households with more children were less likely to support the status quo, and married respondents were more pro-renewable. Perceived community involvement emerged as a significant factor in supporting renewable energy policies. Originality / scientific novelty. This study represents a novel application of CM within the Vietnamese context, providing valuable quantitative data for policymakers and stakeholders. By estimating WTP for specific renewable energy attributes, we inform cost-benefit assessments and support the development of efficient policies for managing renewable energy investments. This data facilitates resource allocation and prioritisation of projects with the highest societal value. Practical value / implications. Our findings underscore the crucial role of public awareness and education in driving renewable energy implementation. Residents with a clear understanding of the benefits demonstrate a higher WTP. Hence, we recommend a multifaceted communication strategy to educate the public about the environmental, social, and economic benefits of renewable energy. This involves utilising diverse channels like community meetings, media outreach, online platforms, and expert engagement to disseminate accurate and engaging information. By fostering knowledge and understanding, we can cultivate a strong public mandate for renewable energy investment, facilitating informed decision-making and accelerating the transition to a sustainable energy future in the Mekong Delta.

Purpose. This paper aims to give a system-wide overview of agricultural life cycle assessment (LCA), based on the understanding of agriculture as a complex providing humanity with food, energy and other vital resources and considering all forms of sector’s influence: environmental, social, and economic. This review is intended to outline the temporal and geographical spread of agricultural LCA research, the main aspects studied with LCA in agriculture, and relevant scientific themes via bibliometric analysis and an overview of high-quality scientific publications in this field. Methodology / approach. This study used traditional bibliometric research techniques: performance analysis, scientific mapping, and network analysis. Bibliometric analysis was conducted through the Bibliometrix R package in the RStudio and its extension – Biblioshiny. The bibliographic collection covers 259 academic English-language articles indexed in Scopus for 1999–2022. Results. The study identifies a significant growth in a number of agricultural LCA publications, a tendency of current LCA research to continue and complement earlier research findings, and to accentuate environmental aspects of agricultural activity. Developed countries lead this field of research in terms of productivity and impact. However, LCA studies are geographically concentrated, and collaboration between developed and developing countries is weak. The following issues shape the agri-LCA research structure: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions analysis; LCA of various impacts of agriculture; challenges of agriculture environmental impacts measuring; LCA usage to ensure agriculture sustainability; agri-LCA methodology. Emphasis on GHG emissions in agri-LCA could lead to biased decisions promoting climate-resilient agriculture but neglecting other impacts and dimensions of the sector’s sustainability. Originality / scientific novelty. It was found that the rapid development of the field of research featured a certain stability, continuity, and historical relationship between the issues studied. Research transform from a highly specialised topic into a broader one by the scope of publishing sources but are highly geographically concentrated and not equally distributed even within the European Union. As far as is known, these results have not been previously reported. Practical value / implications. The identified “closedness” of the research community leads to weak scientific progress. Sharing knowledge and involving a broader set of stakeholders to promote LCA application in agriculture globally must be a priority of scholars and policymakers.

This paper examines medium-term inflationary risks in the wake of the energy crisis. Firstly, the inflation spillovers between five major EU economies, viz. Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and Poland are analyzed using the Diebold and Yilmaz VAR framework. This analysis reveals that the interconnection between increases in inflation was stronger after the outbreak of the energy crisis. Poland and Spain have been transmitting inflation to the other countries under consideration. This impact is strongest when prices are “sticky”, i.e. when they are changed least frequently. Secondly, the impact of wage pressures in the Eurozone was analyzed with a special emphasis on the Netherlands on account of its historically high frequency of wage strikes. The data show that wage pressures from that country precede similar changes elsewhere in the eurozone. These two factors suggest that returning inflation to central bank targets in Europe is going to be a slow process.

Some researchers, including Horwitz (1995), point out similarities between two heterodox schools of economic thought, viz. the Austrians and the feminists. These similarities include criticisms of neoclassical assumptions about the rationality of market participants, perfect competition, and the mathematization of economics. This paper, however, argues that these similarities are superficial, as there are numerous methodological differences between these two schools that have led to divergent views on such issues as the nature of orthodox economics and its research methods, subjectivity, utility functions and their interpersonal comparison, market competition, and gender discrimination in the labor market. It is contended that these differences are difficult to reconcile, making any rapprochement between the two schools unlikely.

The Eastern European state of Belarus, a former Soviet republic, is classified as a pure autocracy, and 2024 marks three decades since its strongman leader Alexander Lukashenko came to power. Over the years, Lukashenko has created a unique type of economy synergistic with the political system and known as “state capitalism.” In this paper, we refer to the theories of Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson to explore the factors and institutions that facilitated Lukashenko’s rise to power and ensure the durability of the Belarusian authoritarian system. We found that the case of Belarus is unique and holds relevance for post-Soviet studies, deviating in some respects from Acemoglu and Robinson’s theory, especially regarding the dictator’s ascent to power and the factors sustaining the system. We hypothesise that culture and mental models were crucial for Lukashenko to take power, while the system’s persistence is, in large part, due to the dictator’s external protector, Russia. We use historical analysis and evaluate economic and institutional development indicators.

The article discusses methods for processing unstructured data using an analytical platform. The authors analyze existing methods and technologies used to implement data processing and propose new approaches to solving this problem. The possibilities of using analytical platforms to solve the problem of processing source data are considered. The purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities of data import, partial preprocessing, missing data recovery, anomaly removal, spectral processing and noise removal. The authors explored how analytics platforms can function without a data warehouse, obtaining information from any other sources, but the most optimal way is to use them together, and how big data and unstructured data can be processed using an analytics platform. The authors solved a specific problem related to processing problems and proposed ways to solve them using an analytical platform. Particular attention is paid to a complete set of mechanisms that allows you to obtain information from any data source, carry out the entire processing cycle and display the results. Overall, the paper represents an important contribution to the development of raw data processing technologies. The authors plan to continue research in the field of processing big unstructured data.

This paper introduces a novel algorithm for dynamically constructing and traversing Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) in workflow systems, particularly targeting distributed computation and data processing domains. Traditional workflow management systems rely on explicitly defined, rigid DAGs, which can be cumbersome to maintain, especially in response to frequent changes or updates in the system. Our proposed algorithm circumvents the need for explicit DAG construction, instead opting for a dynamic approach that iteratively builds and executes the workflow based on available data and operations, through a combination of entities like Data Kinds, Operators, and Data Units, the algorithm implicitly forms a DAG, thereby simplifying the process of workflow management. We demonstrate the algorithm’s functionality and assess its performance through a series of tests in a simulated environment. The paper discusses the implications of this approach, especially focusing on cycle avoidance and computational complexity, and suggests future enhancements and potential applications.

Dementia is a devastating neurological disorder that affects millions of people globally, causing progressive decline in cognitive function and daily living activities. Early and precise detection of dementia is critical for optimal dementia therapy and management however, the diagnosis of dementia is often challenging due to the complexity of the disease and the wide range of symptoms that patients may exhibit. Machine learning approaches are becoming progressively more prevalent in the realm of image processing, particularly for disease prediction. These algorithms can learn to recognize distinctive characteristics and patterns that are suggestive of specific diseases by analyzing images from multiple medical imaging modalities. This paper aims to develop and optimize a decision tree algorithm for dementia detection using the OASIS dataset, which comprises a large collection of MRI images and associated clinical data. This approach involves using a genetic algorithm to optimize the decision tree model for maximum accuracy and effectiveness. The ultimate goal of the paper is to develop an effective, non-invasive diagnostic tool for early and accurate detection of dementia. The GA-based decision tree, as proposed, exhibits strong performance compared to alternative models, boasting an impressive accuracy rate of 96.67% according to experimental results.

Parallel hierarchical memory (PI memory) is a new type of memory that is designed to improve the performance of parallel computing systems. PI memory is composed of two blocks: a mask RAM and a tail element RAM. The mask RAM stores the masks that are used to encode the information, while the tail element RAM stores the actual information. The address block of the PI memory is responsible for generating the physical addresses of the cells where the tail elements and their masks are stored. The address block also stores the field of addresses where the array was written and associates this field of addresses with the corresponding external address used to write the array. The proposed address block structure is able to efficiently generate the physical addresses of the cells where the tail elements and their masks are stored. The address block is also able to store the field of addresses where the array was written and associate this field of addresses with the corresponding external address used to write the array. The proposed address block structure has been implemented in a prototype PI memory. The prototype PI memory has been shown to be able to achieve significant performance improvements over traditional memory architectures. The paper will present a detailed description of the PI transformation algorithm, a description of the different modes of addressing organization that can be used in PI memory, an analysis of the efficiency of parallel-hierarchical memory structures, and a discussion of the challenges and future research directions in the field of PI memory.

Upper limb prosthetic is an area of medical research and development that aims to restore functionality and improve the quality of life of people affected by the loss of one or both upper limbs. The development and implementation of 3D scanning tools and analysis of 3D scanning data requires the use of specialized analysis methods that ensure the achievement of the required indicators. It should take into account the impact of the model resolution on the result. This paper is devoted to the analysis of finding matches between a point cloud of a hand model and another point cloud using Gromov-Wasserstein distance. For analysis, a subset of the MANO dataset was employed, containing a substantial volume of data and serving as a representative sample of the human population. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using this approach in the processing and analysis of three-dimensional data, which serves as one of the stages of designing individualized prostheses.

The paper is a report of an experimental study to suppress the speckle structure of a coherent optical field. The technique proposed is based on the reduction of the temporal coherence utilizing enriching the output spectrum of Nd:YVO4 laser with intra-cavity second harmonic generation by additional emission lines. Temperature-controlled simultaneous emission of two components at 1.063 mm and 1.066 mm with nearly equal intensities in IR is achived. In the second-harmonic output the emission lines 531.7 nm, 532.3 nm and 532.8 nm were recorded. The influence of the spectrum variation on the formation of a speckle field was checked. Successfully removed intensity zeros and reduced contrast (visibility) from 0.92 to 0.65 in a light scattered by a ground glass diffuser at the angle 35°. A simple consideration of the speckle field dumping mechanism is presented.

This paper researches various modelling approaches for website-related predictions, offering an overview of the field. With the ever-expanding landscape of the World Wide Web, there is an increasing need for automated methods to categorize websites. This study examines an array of prediction tasks, including website categorization, web navigation prediction, malicious website detection, fake news website detection, phishing website detection, and evaluation of website aesthetics.

The electrical network is the set of elements where loads are connected to the generation plants by transmission lines. They can be either overhead or underground cables. A new technology has been introduced to replace these transmission lines with underground cables gas insulated line “GIL”. The latest has many advantages over underground cables and overhead transmission lines, such as low transmission losses, less capacitive load, reliability, personal safety, same operation as overhead lines and negligible electrical aging. GIL can handle much more power than overhead lines due to its large conductive area. GIL is the best for high voltage. In this paper, the simulation of lightning strike effects on a 400 kV hybrid transmission line located in the Wilaya of Setif in northern Algeria is presented in the absence and presence of line arresters and GIL arresters. The results of this paper can provide a rich and valuable theoretical reference for GIL simulation modeling and evaluation of lightning strike impact on hybrid overhead – GIL lines.

The accuracy of calculations of integrals with logarithmic singularities for two methods, namely the method of ignoring singularities and the method of subtraction (consisting in separating the singular part from the remaining non-singular), are presented in this paper. Only two-dimensional problems, like Dirichlet's problems, as well as acoustic problems formulated in the frequency domain are considered. Problems related to the accuracy of calculations are discussed and the influence of frequency, as well as the influence of the geometry of the analysed area on the accuracy of calculations, are indicated. When we talk about the influence of geometry, we mean not only discretization, but also the configuration of the area, such as the sharp edges of the boundary line, assuming the use of the classic, without any modifications, Boundary Element Method.

The paper proposes electromagnetic field equations from the point of view of their adaptation to numerical methods. Maxwell's equations with partial derivatives are used, written concerning field vectors, which most fully reproduce the picture of physical processes in electrical engineering devices. The values of these vectors provide comprehensive information about the field at any spatio-temporal point. The concept of creating mathematical models of electrical devices adequate to physical processes has been developed. Mathematical transformations are carried out according to the rules of differential calculus. Dynamic processes in the elements of electrotechnical devices were analyzed using the apparatus of mathematical modeling. An algorithm for implementing differential equations with partial derivative numerical methods using computer simulation was implemented. The obtained results made it possible to understand the nature of electromagnetic phenomena in nonlinear media. The paper provides calculations of the field parameters in a flat ferromagnetic plate and the groove of the rotor of an electric machine.

The paper presents an information technology for assessing the degree of engraftment of dental implants in the event of a pathology violation through the use of fuzzy sets, which allows using this method for medical diagnostic tasks. Main scientific results: developed algorithms and mathematical models that formalize the process supporting diagnostic decisions based on fuzzy logic; developed mathematical models of membership functions that formalize the presentation of qualitative and qualitative informational features based on the rules of fuzzy logic, which can be used in information expert systems when assessing the degree of engraftment of dental implants in case of disease with pathological diseases.

The paper is theoretical and empirical. Its basic purpose is to examine the resilience of organizational startups during the post-COVID-19 pandemic. The basic research method used in the study was CAWI. The group of surveyed companies consisted of startups operating in Zachodniopomorskie, Wielkopolskie, and Lubuskie voivodeships. The survey covered 62 enterprises in 2022. The research revealed that owing to their organizational resilience the startups were able to adapt to the changes in the market. Thus, on the one hand, they were able to quickly tailor their offer to the current needs of customers, and on the other hand, they could modify the processes taking place inside the company. As a result of these measures, the startups increased their revenues, which may directly determine the future competitiveness of the surveyed companies.

This paper indicates significance of generational diversity management in modern business. Due to certain social, political and economic circumstances each generation is specific, with its own skills, interactions and expectations. What is common for all of them is the willingness to find the right employer. The one open to human needs and aware of their work commitment; the one to offer appropriate work surroundings, self- development and adequate gratification. The paper is aimed at presenting those generational disparities, for awareness of them is crucial in efficient human resources management. Worksite is the natural environment, where such age-related experiences and opinions clash, enabling to gain the right perspective and choose the most effective and innovative directing solution. Generationally diverse team brings multilevel benefits for both sites and aids enterprise development.

Objectives This paper focuses on recognising and addressing the challenges of ADHD in early childhood girls. The paper aims to fill a gap in the scientific literature by focusing on the specificity of ADHD in girls, which differs from symptoms in boys. It also aims to raise awareness of the issue of ADHD among parents and teachers and to provide practical therapeutic guidance and educational support that is tailored to the needs of girls with ADHD. Material and methods The source materials for this publication will be various monographs and articles by special educators. The collected material will allow the analytical-critical method to synthetically realise the indicated aim of the work. Results Parents should learn to anticipate potential conflict situations, to exclude them or to plan in such a way that the child can cope with them. It is the parents' task to plan the day in such a way as to introduce a ritual and a daily routine of repetitive activities. Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder need to acquire skills to deal with conflict, emotional labile, anxiety and stress. Conclusions Often undiagnosed girls suffer alone together with their disorder. Close cooperation between parents and teachers is an indispensable element in the treatment of ADHD. A child with ADHD should be allowed to participate in the educational and educational process. It is important to get to know the peer group so that girls with ADHD can learn to recognise themselves and their own reactions and abilities.

This study systematically investigates the primary issues and obstacles impeding the establishment of a functional and credible judiciary in Kosovo, adopting an international perspective. The research methodology includes a combination of qualitative and empirical analytical approaches to concrete actions based on a review of relevant literature, reports, and legal documents. This paper concludes that Kosovo should be ready to reach compromises, strengthen the independence, pro­fessionalism, transparency and accountability of judges and prosecutors, and increase public confidence in justice, to achieve a successful reform in the judicial system. The paper offers several recommendations for improving the quality and efficiency of justice in Kosovo, such as promoting cooperation and coordination with international factors in this field.

The crimes of armed robbery and robbery with a deadly weapon have always been the most pervasive, harmful crime against property in Hungary and are mostly associated with male perpetrators since. However, there are also female perpetra­tors committing the crimes of armed robbery or robbery committed with a deadly weapon. Despite the availability of the judicial decisions in the public judicial database, the characteristics of these female perpetrators – including their motiva­tions and the judicial procedures – have never been analysed. This paper will look into how female perpetrators mostly act together with male perpetrators and mostly motivated by financial difficulties. The females in question are almost exclusively adults outside of a domestic relationship and are not parents. They typically have a low­level education, and as a result have lower­paying blue­collar jobs.

The automotive industry faces challenges in maintaining quality control while at the same time reducing costs and improving efficiency. Outsourcing has emerged as a potential solution. Such an approach can create issues such as communication barriers, quality control problems, and limited visibility into the manufacturing process. This study proposes a cloud-based quality reporting solution to overcome these challenges by providing real-time data analytics, facilitating proper communication, and enabling visibility into quality control processes. This solution significantly reduces waiting times for information regarding product quality status and allows interested parties to access data immediately. The outsourcing company, product producer and customer receive flexible, traceable, mobile cloud-based analytics in real-time. Challenges of this solution are the need to secure data, manage access and ensure the appropriate quality of data by persons performing control. The paper provides practical recommendations for implementing cloud-based quality reporting systems.

The Multi-skilled Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (MS-RCPSP) is a complex and multi-faceted problem that involves scheduling activities whilst considering various resource constraints. These constraints include limited availability of workers, equipment, and materials, with each activity requiring a minimal set of skills to be executed. Furthermore, for a better resemblance to reality, workers/machines are assumed to be multi-skilled/multi-purpose posing another dimension of complexity to the problem. The objective is to minimize project duration, cost, or other relevant criteria while accounting for the inherent resources flexibility. This paper provides a systematic review of the literature pertaining to MS-RCPSP, and an in-depth analysis of 171 papers published between 2000 and 2021 inclusive. The conducted bibliometric analysis identifies the top contributing authors, most influential papers, existing research tendencies, and thematic research topics within the field. In addition, this review highlights different aspects of the MS-RCPSP, spanning the significance of performance measures, solution approaches, application areas, and the incorporation of time constraints. While project completion time, cost, and tardiness are common performance indicators, other measures such as multi-skilled staff assignment and schedule robustness are also deemed important. Although various methods have been employed to solve the MS-RCPSP including exact and approximate approaches, the selection of the most-suited approach depends on the problem’s scale, complexity, and constraints, necessitating careful consideration of each method’s strengths and weaknesses. Interestingly, several studies have jointly addressed resource and time constraints in the context of MS-RCPSP, often considering tardiness, and have proposed different algorithms, models, and metaheuristics to tackle these challenges. This paper clearly highlights research gaps and promising avenues for future research. This work provides valuable insights for project managers to effectively schedule tasks in the presence of multiple flexible resources.

In this paper we advocate for the establishment of an aviation “innovative ecosystem” in Ukraine, particularly regarding the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This ambitious strategy necessitates the introduction of new business models, taking advantage of new opportunities for achieving sustainable development goals in the increasingly resource-limited world. Moreover, this initiative faces a notable challenge: navigating the “double transition” of adopting both green and digital transformations across multiple domains. We believe the solution to creating an innovative ecosystem lies in harnessing the intellectual and infrastructural capabilities of top-tier research institutions – which in Ukraine include the National Aviation University (NAU) and the National Technical University “KPI.” By combining the efforts of Ukrainian higher education institutions and actively enhancing international cooperation, in particular with the Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Aviation in Warsaw – we argue – Ukraine can expedite the development of “factories” of ideas and innovations by supporting the training, incubation and growth of startups, encourage the formation of micro and small high-tech enterprises and bringing their products to global and regional markets, improving the mechanisms of interaction of the startup teams with venture capital funds and investment companies.

Given the changing nature of the modern economy, technological advances and increasing globalization, labor markets are presenting university graduates with new challenges in terms of the competences expected of them. The aim of this article is to evaluate and forecast the future of labor market demands in relation to the competences of future employees. A comprehensive analysis of these expectations is presented, drawing on findings from the desk research method, further supplemented with a qualitative study. The discussion focuses on identifying key competences that employers are looking for in today’s business environment and the competences that will be necessary in the long term. The paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the transformation of curricula in higher education, especially in relation to business schools, emphasizing the need to continually monitor market expectations and make necessary adjustments to curricula. The conclusions from this study are intended to serve as a source of inspiration for decision-makers responsible for educational programs at universities, especially those with a business profile, and other stakeholders aiming to bridge the gap between the academic world and the dynamically changing labor market.

Presented paper aims to define obligations of receiving state according to premises of diplomatic mission. This is particular kind of real estates, which are located on territory of state. Author tries to answer a question about legal effects of violation premises of diplomatic mission on the ground of the international law. Article contains key provisions of the international law for this issue, which are connected to premises of diplomatic mission and ground for the responsibility and liability of state. Presented acts of the international law concerns on not only diplomatic law, but also law of special missions and antiterrorist law. Author describes also legal status of premises of diplomatic mission on territory of receiving state. Analysis of abovementioned provisions is necessary to derive obligations of receiving state. Moreover, there are described the most well-known cases of assaults on premises of diplomatic mission and statistics concerning on this subject. Author considers possible cases of violation of premises of diplomatic mission and international legal effects of such case. There can be many cases, because inviolability of premises can be an act of third state, which is bound by provisions of diplomatic law, both agreements and custom.