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The purpose of this study is to find several forms of transformative diaconal services that can be carried out by the church as a bridge for church planting missions to poor people in Indonesia. The author uses a library research method in answering this research problem. The research problem that must be answered by the author is about what forms of transformative diaconia that can be carried out by the church as a bridge for the mission of church planting to poor people in Indonesia. Through this study, the authors found three forms of transformational diaconia, namely: First, providing transformative theological education for the congregation about the true concept of poverty, effective church planting mission services, and presenting God's Shalom in real terms. Second, improving the welfare of the congregation and the community around the church through economic empowerment and improving the quality of education. Third, animate Jurgen Habermas' concept of communicative rationality in the Church. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan beberapa bentuk pelayanan diakonia transformatif yang dapat dilakukan oleh gereja sebagai jembatan misi perintisan jemaat kepada orang-orang miskin di Indonesia. Penulis menggunakan metode kajian literatur dalam menjawab masalah penelitian ini. Adapun masalah penelitian yang harus dijawab oleh penulis adalah tentang apa sajakah bentuk-bentuk diakonia transformatif yang dapat dilakukan oleh gereja sebagai jembatan misi perintisan jemaat kepada orang-orang miskin di Indonesia. Melalui penelitian ini penulis menemukan tiga bentuk diakonia transformasif tersebut yaitu Pertama, menyelenggarakan pendidikan teologis yang transformatif bagi jemaat tentang konsep kemiskinan yang benar, pelayanan misi perintisan jemaat yang efektif, serta menghadirkan Shalom Tuhan secara nyata. Kedua, meningkatkan kesejahteraan jemaat dan masyarakat di sekitar gereja melalui pemberdayaan ekonomi dan perbaikan mutu pendidikan. Ketiga, menghidupkan konsep rasionalitas komunikatif Jurgen Habermas di dalam Gereja.

Life Expectancy (UHH) is one indicator of the health status assessment of the population for government programs successful. Life Expectancy at birth is defined as the average estimated length of life of a person that can live from birth. Life Expectancy is affected by the environment, food availability, education, government policy, community’s economy, and so on. In this study, the factors model will be conducted, affects the community’s life expectancy for all Indonesia’s provinces that involve the percentage of household variable which has decent drinking water (AML), percentage of household variable that has decent housing (HL), percentage of household variable that has access to proper sanitation (ASL), percentage of poor residents (PM) variable, and years of schooling average (RLS) variable. The modeling results, three independent variables significantly affected towards life expectancy variable or clean water and sanitation (ASL) variable, poor people (PM) variable, and years of schooling average (RLS) variable. The model result showed that the coefficient determination score is 0,859 which is the independent variable able to explain the dependent variable which is 85,90%, meanwhile the rest is 14,10% which is explained by other variables, outside the model

The service activity of economic empowerment program for dhuafa community (P2EMD) in livestock sector aimed to empower the poor community in the livestock business sector by providing productive business capital assistance in the form of livestock sourced from the Rumah Amal (Charity House) of Universitas Syiah Kuala. Technically, this P2EMD service was introduced to the poor as many as 7 beneficiaries who needed help and were right on a target located in Kajhu Village, Baitussalam Sub-District, Aceh Besar District. The approach methods used during the realization period were the provision of knowledge on the use of business capital, economic empowerment in the livestock sector, assistance and development of livestock business, and evaluation/response of beneficiaries. The results of this service showed a good and positive response from the beneficiaries. In addition, the beneficiaries understood very well the importance of the sustainability of the P2EMD program in the future. Overall, the beneficiaries will continue and develop the business capital that has been received on a larger and more feasible business scale.

Legal Aid Post (Posbakum) as the role of one's gateway to access justice is intended for those who are economically incapable, it is necessary to know the procedures and mechanisms of legal aid services and the extent to which these roles are deemed effective or not by the beneficiaries. This study focuses on the implementation of legal aid for economically disadvantaged communities in Legal Aid Post (Posbakum) Court using descriptive analysis research methods, the type of data used is empirical juridical,data sources are obtained from primary data and secondary data which are then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study (1) recipients of legal assistance brought a Certificate of Incapacity (Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu (SKTM)) from the local village and were brought to the consultation desk to fill out a form that contained in a nutshell the identity of the applicant and a brief description of the subject matter of the case, then legal advice was given by a lawyer or legal aid post (Posbakum) officer. available, if the requirements and forms have been filled in completely, then the typing will be given to assist in making legal documents. (2) The factors that become the benchmark for its effectiveness have not been fully achieved, so it can be said that the legal aid post (posbakum) at Bandung Religious Court has not been effective.

Introduction: This study aims to determine how much the effect of economic growth and demographic conditions on the crime rate in East Java Province. This study is using secondary data for 6 years from 2013-2018. Methods: The data analysis method used in this study is panel data regression analysis method with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach. The dependent variable used in this study is the crime rate, while the independent variables are economic and demographic growth, which includes population density and the number of poor people. Results: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that economic growth has a positive but insignificant relationship to the crime rate in East Java Province. Population density has a positive and significant relationship to the crime rate in East Java Province. Meanwhile, the number of poor people has a negative and significant relationship with the crime rate in East Java Province. The results of the study also show that economic growth, population density and the number of poor people have an effect and significant relationship on the crime rate in East Java Province. Conclusion and suggestion: This needs an equitable distribution of income and empowerment of human resources through improving educational facilities and infrastructure as well as skills so that productivity and community income increase. In addition, it is necessary to have equitable development and the provision of employment opportunities in each region so that population density is not concentrated in one or several areas.

The transportation service subsidy is intended to ease the burden of students from low-income families by helping with their need for mobility. The local government provides a transportation service expenditure budget annually to pay for the transportation services they require. Theoretically, the subsidy benefits the poor, although a study on the evaluation of the transportation service subsidy program is still needed to ascertain whether the program beneficiaries benefit from the program. This study used a survey method, and it deepened by the in-depth interviews conducted with 98 respondents. It used to obtain supporting information to pair with the survey results. The critical findings from this study are that the subsidy program has increased the rate of savings in terms of transportation service spending, and it has also reduced the burden of food expenditure among the poor. Better access to education services among the program recipient students reduced traffic congestion, and the enthusiasm for learning within low-income family students are also benefits. Another benefit is that the public transport drivers involved in the program get sustainable income certainty. The income of the recipient community groups has increased moderately compared to the non-recipient groups. However, saving on transportation spending does not contribute significantly to the burden of food expenditure for low-income families. The reason for this is that the free transportation subsidies received by the poor are minimal in terms of the frequency of coupon use. This study concludes that free transport subsidies in the short term can alleviate the burden on the poor, and in the long run, they can improve the welfare of the poor.

Legal aid for the poor people is a right, but in practice it is hard to do. There is a contradiction between law No. 16 of 2011 which gives obligation of the granting of legal aid is located at LAO which have been accredited, and the provisions of Article 22 (1) of law No. 18 of 2003 which gives obligation to the advocate as an individual. In the realm of practice, the granting of legal aid is not running properly because many advocate/LAO who still wear rate/fee, shifting ideology advocates from officium nobile to the commercialization, and the convoluted Government disbursements. Bantuan hukum bagi rakyat miskin merupakan hak yang dijamin oleh konstitusi, tetapi praktiknya terasa sulit. Metode penelitian hukum normatif dan empiris digunakan untuk mengungkap persoalan tersebut. Terdapat kontradiksi antara UU No. 16 Tahun 2011 dengan UU No. 18 Tahun 2003. Berdasar UU No. 16 Tahun 2011, kewajiban pemberian bantuan hukum terletak pada OBH yang telah terakreditasi, bukan pada advokat sebagai individu sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 22 ayat (1) UU No. 18 Tahun 2003. Pada ranah praktik, pemberian bantuan hukum ini tak berjalan semestinya karena banyak advokat/OBH yang mengenakan tarif/bayaran kepada orang yang dibelanya, pergeseran ideologi advokat dari officium nobile ke komersialisasi perkara, dan pencairan dana pemerintah yang berbelit-belit.

This research is used to describe and identify the characteristics of poor people in Semarang. We select poor people from 4 villages in Semarang as sample, Bubakan, Krobokan, Genuksari, and Tandang village. In general, factors that cause poverty can be divided into 3 dimensions, natural, structural, and cultural factors. Poverty studies in this research will be analyzed by Cultural dimension approach. From the result we know that the characteristics of poor people in Semarang, are: most of the households’ leaders are low educated (elementary graduated), work as labors, and have some responsibilities to three persons. Besides, we know that there is no equal level on support distribution to poor people. Related to the analysis from cultural dimensions, we know that in Semarang, poor people have cultural value orientations and positive behaviors to see the real life, real work, real time, and the connections between nature and human.

Poverty and forestry has inter-connected one another. Most of the poor people live in the urban area are closely interacted with forest. This fact has been showed in some studies which are clearly stated that poor people are mostly found nearby forest area. Bukit Dua Belas national park as one of national park in Jambi province had experienced drastical forest degradation for the last 20 years. Based on the data alalysis from Citra Satelite, the total of degraded forest area is approximately 69,825 ha or in average is 3,492 ha per year. It happens because of massive encroachment which is done by the local people in a purpose to open communities’ farming. The primary objective of this research is to analyze which factors has contributed to communities’ impovorishment around TNBD. The result of this study shows that the distance of farming, size of land, the management and the status of land are the potential factor affecting the communities’ income significantly.

This research is Library Research by using secondary data obtained and seeks to determine and analyze the factors that affect poverty in West Kutai regency, the analysis tool is use Path Analysis. Conclusion of the research results are as follows: (1) Economic Growth, Private Investment Growth (PMA), Labor, and the Growth of Government expenditure jointly direct and significant effect on the Human Development Index (HDI) in West Kutai regency, (2 ) Workforce dominant influence on the Human Development Index (HDI) in West Kutai regency, (3) Economic Growth, Private Investment Growth (PMA), Labor, and Output Growth Government jointly direct and significant effect on the amount of Poor Population in West Kutai regency, (4) Workforce dominant influence on the amount of Poor People in West Kutai regency, (5) Economic Growth, Private Investment Growth (PMA), Labor, and the Growth of Government influence indirectly through the Human Development Index (HDI) of the total poor population in West Kutai.

Housing needs in major cities in Indonesia are increasing due to urbanization. The solution taken by the government is to provide rental housing (rusunawa). Low income families who initially live in slums need some adaption when moving into the rusunawa. The purpose of this research is to analyze the socio-demographic relationships of families, social capital and subjective well-being (SWB). Using quantitative method and household survey, this study was conducted by giving questionnaires and interview to 90 residents of 396 rusunawa units. The study use regression analysis. Thus, the result shows that social capital, the social network, and trust, determine the SWB. If SWB is an indicator of the process of adaption of a person or family in a new place, in this study, we concluded that these two variables were very important for the resident. Using social networking and trust, these residents can adjust to a new housing milieu.

The objective of financial inclusion (FI) to facilitate people include the poor able to access financial assistances. It is international institution conducted World Bank. Indonesia rate of FI is 32 %, this means 68% of the poor are not touched by any financial services. The average in the world FI is just 50%. FI is very important to Indonesia as the poverty Indonesia is still high (59%). FI movement in Indonesia is just started formally in 2015. Government vision, mission, and concept have been established, however, the model of FI implemented in Indonesia does not develop properly. Currently, the most literature and practices are just partial. The research on geographic and community based is being ignored. Hence, this research aims to develop a suitable model for Indonesia that is very heterogeneous in term of areas, values, traditions, customs, communities, and local wisdom. This research is a qualitative approach by conducting an interview with the stakeholders. A deductive method is used to explore and to design the proposed model. Besides that, the research employs IDC approach to design the framework. IDC includes intelligence, design, and choice. The result offered three scenarios; the appropriate model is community-based, then, a standard global model of FI, and finally, mobile payment system based on gold as a measurement of value. The using of ICT is possible, it is because ICT has been recently developed into a digital sustainable collaborative networking (DCN) platform, and it is expected to be capable of demonstrating the building of social and economic welfare, particularly in crafting innovations to facilitate marginal society. Moreover, by accommodating the community model which is implemented together with the two models will strengthen to national unity. =========================================== Inklusi keuangan adalah gerakan global dibawah program World Bank untuk membuat orang miskin mampu mengakses layanan keuangan. Tinkat pencapaian inklusi keuangan di Indonesia mencapai 32 %, ini berarti 68% orang miskin tidak terjangkau oleh layanan keuangan sedangkan rata-rata di dunia hanya 50%. Selain itu, angka kemiskinan di Indonesia adalah 59%. Oleh karena itu, Inklusi Keuangan sangat mendesak bagi Indonesia untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Sementara itu, di Indonesia, hal tersebut baru dimulai dengan mengadopsi sistem pembayaran mobile, konsep visi dan misi telah diatur oleh pemerintah. Saat ini, sebagian besar literatur dan praktek berjalan parsial. Sedangkan penelitian tentang geografis dan berdasarkan masyarakat diabaikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengakomodasi spesialisasi Indonesia yang sangat heterogen dalam hal daerah, nilai-nilai, tradisi, adat, masyarakat, dan kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara kepada para pemangku kepentingan, metode deduktif digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi dan merancang model yang diusulkan. Hasilnya ditawarkan dalam tiga skenario; model yang sesuai berbasis masyarakat, kemudian model standar global inklusi keuangan, dan akhirnya, sistem pembayaran mobile berbasis emas sebagai pengukuran nilai. Dengan mengakomodasi model masyarakat yang diimplementasikan bersama-sama dengan dua model akan memperkuat persatuan nasional.

The ongoing Islamic banking gets a lot of criticisms due to its unability to become the manifestation of the Islamic values which can be utilized by all people. These criticisms can be attributed to at least some indicators such as the dominance of non profit sharing contract (Murabahah) on Islamic banking practices that can only be enjoyed by the middle to upper class of society, or the lack of optimization of the innovative Islamic banking products that can touch the majority of the poor. This paper would like to discuss and explore the possible role of social intermediation that can be carried out by the Islamic banking in addition to its role of financial intermediation. By doing so, it can answer the stigma which states that Islamic banking is not pro poor. Based on the literature review and discussion, the role of social intermediation by using social funds which are accordance to the perspective of Islam namely charity, infaq, Sadaqah, endowments, and grants (ZISWAH) can be applied as the additional products or policies of Islamic banking in order to serve the poor through several strategies, namely: (1) the establishment of special units for social intermediation and (2) the cooperation with LKMS in certain programs special for the poor.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (TPB) with HDI components including health, education and a decent standard of living. Referring to the Central Statistics Agency, it always increases from 2010 to 2022, but there are still several regions in East Java that have low HDI values. Based on this, it is necessary to carry out analysis using clustering techniques so that we can find out more deeply about the characteristics of each district or city in East Java. The research method used is by collecting data which includes HDI, UHH, RLS, HLS per capita expenditure values, income inequality, HDI, city minimum wage, GRDP, number of poor people, open unemployment rate, population, and labor force participation rate. After obtaining the data, data exploration and cleaning was carried out, principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis, modeling using K-Means and DBSCAN, and silhouette calculations were carried out. The results show that the K-Means model has 3 clusters. Cluster 1 has a purple color with superior characteristics in all aspects except the HDI value, GRDP, and the number of poor people. Cluster 2 has a green color with less superior characteristics in terms of UHH, RLS, HLS, real per capita expenditure, income inequality, and IPG. And cluster 3 in yellow has superior characteristics in terms of UHH, RLS, HLS, real per capita expenditure, income inequality, and IPG. East Java Province always experiences increasing HDI values, but there are still disparities between one district or city and another as shown by the K-Means silhouette value of 0.43

One of the efforts to improve the community's welfare and poverty alleviation requires an integrated development program and synergized based on local resources. One of the efforts is the village fund program, are funds provided for villages sourced from the state budget and are used for government administration, implementation of development and empowerment of village communities. This paper examines the spatial diversity of the effectiveness of the Village Fund in reducing poverty in West Sumatra Province from 2015 to 2020 (data from the Ministry of Finance). The unit of research analysis is the regency/municipal that receives the Village Fund assistance. This study uses Geographically Weighted Regression, with dimensions of observing the allocation of Village Funds and poor people. The study results show that the Village Fund cannot reduce poverty in the beneficiary regencies/municipals. The number of Village Funds disbursed increases every year, but the number of poor people also increases; only three districts, namely Limapuluh Kota, Pesisir Selatan, and Kepulauan Mentawai, have decreased in 2020. The Village Fund Program is ineffective in reducing poverty in West Sumatra Province due to the Village Fund allocation percentage being more prominent for village government operations. The allocation of Village Funds for the administration of village government is much larger than what is mandated by law, which is 30%. The main objective of the Village Fund Program is to eradicate poverty and reduce inequality. To achieve this noble goal, it is necessary to evaluate the distribution of Village Funds. This study looks at the effectiveness of the Village Fund in reducing poverty, and looks at the spatial diversity of the effectiveness of the Village Fund in beneficiary regencies/municipals.

The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between zakat, economic growth, and poverty in East Java Province from 2003 to 2022, utilizing variables such as zakat money distribution, economic growth, and the number of poor people. The research approaches employed are the quantitative research approach and multiple regression analysis. Data on the distribution of zakat funds from financial statements published by BAZNAS East Java Province, economic growth percentage data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) website, and data on the number of poor people in East Java Province compiled from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) website are the secondary data used. The study's findings revealed that the distribution of zakat monies influenced the direction of the negative coefficient on poverty. However, economic growth had no effect on poverty with a negative coefficient. The independent variable influences the dependent variable at the same time.

Poverty is a special problem that needs to be discussed in Indonesia. Because poverty that occurs in a certain area will have an impact on development in Indonesia. Banten province has a percentage of 6.04 percent with a total poverty of 576.62 thousand poor people. Given this, the Provincial Government of Banten requires knowledge of district/city socio-economic data in Banten Province. This study aims to cluster regencies/cities in Banten Province using the K-Means method. The K-Means method is a clustering technique that aims to group data based on the same characteristics. The variables observed in this study were the percentage of poor people aged 15 and over who had graduated from elementary/junior high school, the percentage of poor people aged 15 and over who had finished high school and above, the percentage of poor people aged 15 and over by district/city not working, the percentage of poor people aged 15 Years and over by district/city working in the informal sector, percentage of poor population aged 15 and over by district/city working in the formal sector, percentage of expenditure per capita for food by district/city and poor status. the results of the analysis showed that the district/city poverty clustering in Banten Province using the K-means method obtained 2 clusters, namely cluster 1 consisting of Tangerang City, Cilegon City and South Tangerang City and cluster 2 consisting of Pandeglang Regency, Lebak Regency, Tangerang, Serang Regency, Serang City. And formation 2 cluster has a good structural test value based on the results of the silhouette index so that 2 cluster has the best accuracy value compared to 3 clusters and 4 cluster.

This study aims to analyze the factors forming the number of poor people in Eastern Indonesia. Panel data regression was utilized as the analysis approach, with a cross-section comprising 12 provinces in Indonesia's Eastern Region from 2010 to 2018. This study will examine the effect of total government spending on education, government spending on health, labor force participation rate, regional minimum wage, investment, and the Gini index on poverty in Eastern Indonesia. The results showed that government spending on health and regional minimum wages had a negative effect on the number of poor people in Eastern Indonesia. The number of poor people in Eastern Indonesia will decrease if the realization of government spending on health and the determination of regional minimum wages increases. The increase in the realization of government spending in the health sector indicates that regional policies on the allocation of health spending have been carried out in a proportional, efficient, and effective manner so that they are right on target. Meanwhile, government expenditure on education, investment, labor force participation rates, and the Gini index has no effect on the number of poor people in Eastern Indonesia.

This research aims to identify the relationship between poverty and risk preference in Indonesia empirically. This research employs the Indonesia Family Life Survey 2014 (IFLS5) using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and quantile regression approach, one of the most extended longitudinal data, to support this research design. The result reveals that poor households are more risk-averse than others across income levels. Moreover, poor people are poorly educated and mostly come from rural and disaster-prone areas. This evidence suggests that poor people from rural communities and disaster-prone regions should be prioritized and empowered to move from poverty zones due to their relatively high vulnerability.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the important indicators in development. Some of the factors that influence the Development Index in North Sumatra in 2021 are the percentage of toddlers who have received measles immunization, the percentage of the population who have health complaints during the last month, the percentage of the population who have health insurance BPJS contributions, the percentage of the population who are still in school with the age group 7-15 years, the percentage of pure high school enrollment rate, the percentage of poor people, the percentage of labor force participation rate of the population aged 15 years and over, and the percentage of open unemployment rate of the population aged 15 years and over. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that have a significant effect on the Human Development Index in North Sumatra. In this study using Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) which is a special case of Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) by adding the effect of lag on the independent variable so that spatial lag is added to the model, weighting is done on the independent and dependent variables. The results obtained show that the factors that have a significant effect on the Human Development Index (HDI) in North Sumatra in 2021 are the percentage of the population who are still in school with the age group 7-15 years (X4), the percentage of the Pure High School Enrollment Rate (X5), the Percentage of Labor Force Participation Rate of Population 15 Years and Over (X8).

Poverty is an illustration to determine a household’s ability to fulfill fundamental rights or the necessities of a decent and dignified life as measured by the poverty line. Klungkung Regency, in the last five years, has made efforts to accelerate poverty reduction through the macro side. It maintains economic growth, reduces inflation, increases investment, creates jobs, and the micro side, namely increasing income and reducing the burden on public spending. Through pro-poor, pro-employment, and pro-regional growth programs. This research aimed to determine the poverty conditions and the reduction in the percentage of poor people in the Klungkung. The research method used quantitative and qualitative approaches, using government data sources and narrated qualitatively. This research uses the theory of poverty culture, various innovative development programs, and poverty to reduce the percentage and number of poor people from year to year. In 2016 the percentage of poverty was 6.35%, or the number of poor people was 11,210. In 2017 the percentage of poor people was 6, 29%, or the number of poor people by 11,150. In 2018 the percentage of poor people was 5.86%, or the number of poor people was 10,430. In 2019, the percentage of poor people was 5.4%, or the number of poor people was 9,960 people. In 2020 the percentage of poor people was 4.87%, or the number of poor people is 8,760. It is expected that by the end of 2023, the percentage of poverty in Klungkung Regency will be 3%, according to the target of the National Medium‐Term Plan (RPJMN).

East Java is one of the potential provinces on the island of Java consisting of 29 districts and 9 cities. East Java is also a densely populated island, but as the population grows, so does the standard of living that must be fulfilled by the government. If this cannot be fulfilled, poverty will occur. So we need the other factors that can reduce the rate of poverty. The aims of this study is to determine the effect of the Human Development Index (HDI), Growt Rate Domestic Product (GDRP), and unemployment rates on the rate of poverty in the province of East Java in 2011 to 2018. The estimation results of the Data Panel model using Eviews 9 and Microsoft Excel 2007 software. It is known that the HDI, GRDP, and unemployment rates in 2011 to 2018 were able to reduce the number of poor people that occurred in the province of East Java. Besides variable of GRDP, variable of HDI in this study also played a major role in reducing the number of poor people. So in this case the role of the government is needed to improve the HDI in order to reduce the number of poor people in the province of East Java. Because HDI is one factor that in line with Islamic efforts in alleviating poverty.

Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi data Jumlah penduduk miskin di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) tahun 2019 dengan menggunakan metodeAutoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan dari tahun 2002-2018, dengan parameter error MAD, MSE, MRSE dan MAPE. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi data diperoleh hasil prediksi tahun 2019 jumlah penduduk miskin di NTB sebesar 718.059 jiwa, dengan nilai MAD sebesar 4.040,26667, MSE sebesar 1.943.057.717, MRSE sebesar 44.080,1284 dan MAPE sebesar 3%. Abstract:This study aims to predict data on the number of poor people in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) in 2019 by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. This type of research is quantitative research. Data used from 2002-2018. With MAD, MSE, MRSE and MAPE error parameters. Based on the data simulation results obtained in 2019 prediction results the number of poor people at NTB is 718,059 people, with MAD value of 4,040,26667, MSE of 1,943,057,717, MRSE of 44,080,1284 and MAPE of 3%.

Indonesia as a one of the most significant Muslim population in the world has developed zakat rapidly; it is shown by the development of the zakat regulation and establishes of Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS). Zakat has many benefit for economic both of macro and micro aspect, such as foster inclusive economic growth. The objective of this study are 1) to examine the influence of zakat on economic growth and welfare society which uses 3 (three) indicators i.e.HDI, Percentage of Poor People, and GINI Index and 2) to investigate whether items of Theory Planned Behavior influence of zakat payment. The researcher used Structural Equation Model (SEM) with PLS software. The result showed that zakat in Indonesia does not influence economic growth and welfare society. Besides that, welfare society Indonesia as a developing country has a negative value to HDI and GINI index but has a positive value to Percentage of Poor People.

Indonesia is one of the developing countries that still experience classic problems such as poverty. Poverty is a classic multidimensional problem, because it is caused by various factors such as Open Unemployment Rate (OUR), percentage of contraception’s user and Human Development Index (HDI). This study aims to analyze determine the effect of Open Unemployment Rate (OUR), percentage of contraception’s user and Human Development Index (HDI) on the percentage of poor people in East Java. This study uses unobtrusive method and uses secondary data in the form of publication data of Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) of East Java Province. The unit of analysis in this study is 38 districts/cities in East Java. The dependent variable in this study is the percentage of poor people in East Java Province, while the independent variables are Open Unemployment Rate (OUR), percentage of contraception’s user and Human Development Index (HDI). The result based on multiple linear regression analysis shows that the factors can influence the percentage of poor people are percentage of contraception’s user (p = 0.015) and HDI (p = 0.000). The government is expected to evaluate the programs that have been implemented and related to poverty alleviation.

Many research in economics only focus on the independence of a region while neglecting the effects of space and the interaction that occurs between mutually adjacent areas. The purpose of this study is to measure the multidimensional poverty concept in 15 districts/cities in the province of Lampung in 2015-2019. Spatial analysis such as moran i statistics, LISA clustered map, and lisa signification are used to analyze spatial patterns and spatial autocorrelation. Spatial modeling with spatial autoregressive model, geoda and geographical information systems are used as explanatory spatial data and spatial modeling. The results show that the percentage of poor people between districts/cities in Lampung Province have positive Moran's I values, there is a clustered pattern in 2015-2019, Moran scatter plot depicts 4 quadrants, LISA Cluster map indicates high-high and low-low areas, and LISA map has 4 significant areas. Spatial regression results show that per capita expenditure for nonfood has a negative effect, per capita expenditure for food has a positive effect, population growth rate has a positive effect, household clean water has a positive effect, life expectancy has a negative effect, mean years of schooling has a negative effect, and simultaneously the independent variables have a significant influence on the percentage of poor people. Poverty in Lampung Province is spatially related to each other between regions, the findings suggest that the variables used affect spatially. The implication of this result is one of the basis for inter-regional policies in the interests of multi-dimensional poverty alleviation between regions. Keywords: Poverty, Spatial analysis, Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR)

This research aims to determine how to manage productive zakat funds to empower mustahik in the Sahabat Yatim Dormitory. This research focuses on how zakat funds are collected, allocated and utilized to improve the welfare of mustahik, especially orphans and poor people. Management of productive Zakat funds for the empowerment of Mustahik Sahabat Yatim is an effort to enhance the welfare of underprivileged communities, especially abandoned orphans who are unable and can be used for educational and future needs. The research method is descriptive qualitative and uses observation, interviews and documentation. This analysis technique uses three inductive data analysis processes: processing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that productive management of Zakat funds in Sahabat Yatim can encourage inclusive economic growth and provide a sustainable positive impact on society. It also provides an important contribution to the practical and theoretical understanding of the role of productive zakat in empowering mustahik, especially for orphans.

Various efforts to overcome poverty have been carried out by the government but the number of poor people is still quite high. Based on the 1945 Constitution, the Indonesian government has a mandate to realize social welfare for all people. Well-being is characterized by the fulfillment of the material, spiritual, and social needs of citizens. In other words, prosperity can be achieved through poverty alleviation. In alleviating poverty, existing policies have not interpreted the poverty line based on division in Indonesia. This study analyzes more deeply the role of urban and rural poverty lines in the division of regions in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive statistics by grouping provinces into 7 categories of large islands in Indonesia. In addition, the MANOVA analysis method was also used in this study to answer the role of the region on the size of the poverty line. What is interesting about this study is the finding that regional differences play a significant role in influencing the size of the poverty line. This research also revealed the fact that the poverty line gap between regional categories is wide at a significance level below 0.05 in the MANOVA test of between subjects effects.

Introduction: This study examines the effects of economic growth, minimum wages, open unemployment and education (average length of school) on the number of poor people in districts / cities in East Java Province. The purpose of this research is expected to be able to analyze how and how much influence economic growth, minimum wages, open unemployment and education (average length of schooling) on the number of poor people in East Java, so that later it is expected to be used as one of the bases in determining policy in overcoming the problem of poverty in East Java. Methods: The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Manpower Office as supporters. The analysis method used in this research is panel data regression analysis method with the FEM method with the help of Eviews 6 software. Results: The results of this study indicate that the Economic Growth variable has a negative but insignificant effect on the level of the number of poor people, the Minimum Wage variable has a significant negative effect on the number of poor people, the Open Unemployment Rate variable has a significant negative effect on the number of poor people and the Education variable (long average schools have a significant negative effect on the number of poor people in East Java. Conclusion and suggestion: The provincial government of East Java should increase the total production of goods and services produced in all districts / cities in East Java, taking into account the provincial minimum wage so that it can reduce the number of poor people in all districts / cities in East Java and further stimulate the formal sector.

Introduction: East Java is one of the provinces with good economic performance: high economic growth accompanied by increased employment, increased average length of schooling, and decreased poverty. However, the poverty rate in East Java is still relatively high. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of the average length of schooling, economic growth, and labor absorption on the percentage of poor people in districts and cities in East Java in 2007-2011. Methods: This study uses the path analysis method. This method was chosen because it is able to explain the direct and indirect effects between the independent variables and between the independent variables and the dependent variable based on a model built from previous theory and research. Results: The results showed that the average length of schooling had a negative effect on labor absorption, labor absorption had a positive effect on the percentage of poor people, so that the average length of schooling had an indirect negative effect on the percentage of poor people through labor absorption. Economic growth has a direct positive effect on labor absorption and indirectly on the percentage of poor people, but has a direct negative effect on the percentage of poor people. Conclusion and suggestion: It is necessary to map the quality and specifications of education required by employment. The link and match program between the world of work and education needs to be reconsidered, not only in higher education but also at secondary level education.

Introduction: During 2009-2013, the percentage of poor people in East Java was always above the national level. Based on this background, this study aims to examine and analyze the effect of investment, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), and labor absorption on the number of poor people in districts and cities in East Java Methods: This study uses the path analysis method. This method was chosen because it is able to explain the direct and indirect effects between the independent variables and between the independent variables and the dependent variable based on a model built from previous theory and research. Results: The results showed that investment directly had a positive effect on GRDP and employment. Meanwhile, GDP has a direct negative effect on the number of poor people, and employment has a direct positive effect on the number of poor people. So that investment indirectly has a negative effect on the number of poor people through PDRB, and investment indirectly has a positive effect on the number of poor people through employment. Conclusion and suggestion: Regencies or cities whose economy is dominated by the industrial, service and trade sectors such as Sidoarjo regency, Gresik regency, Surabaya city, Malang city and the majority of other cities in East Java Province, which so far have low labor absorption, require labor intensive investment. so as to be able to absorb more labor which in turn will reduce the number of poor people.

This study discusses poverty determinants in Central Lombok Regency and its alleviation from Islamic Perspective. Methodologically, this study uses multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model and qualitative descriptive analysis. It uses secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), and Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA). The result of this study shows that the population income affects the number of poor people. Therefore, the increased income of poor people to decrease poverty becomes policy recommendation in Islamic Perspective for related government in Central Lombok Regency.

Liberalization and deregulation which are at the core of Neo-Classical economic policy have led developing countries to the brink of poverty. Although economic growth has increased but the problem of equity and fulfillment of basic needs cannot be overcome, this can be seen in Indonesia as one of the users of Neo-Classical policies. According to data from the statistics center in March 2017 the number of poor people reached 27.77 million people. Maluku and Papua have been named as the regions with the highest percentage of poor people, namely 24.14% of the total population of Indonesia. This figure is the highest percentage of poverty in Indonesia. Even though Papua is an Indonesian gold barn. In 2011, Indonesia’s Gini ratio reached 0.41, meaning that the level of inequality in Indonesia is quite high. This indicates the failure of Neo-Classical policies in building the economy. This research was conducted to fi nd out how Neo-Classical economic policies and Islamic economics in economic development, as well as to fi nd out the views of Islam on Neo-Classical economic policies in economic development. Research research library is a study of criticism using books as a source of research, and using descriptive-analytical methods that provide an overview of Neo-Classical policies with an analysis of Islamic perspectives. Primary data of Adam Smith’s thinking from the literature of books, journals, papers, magazines and articles. Secondary data from the thoughts of Islamic economists from the literature of books, journals, papers and articles. The results of the analysis of this study can be seen that Islam has elements of interconnected strategies that can achieve economic development goals, namely the mechanism of moral fi ltering, correct motivation, socio-economic restructuring, fi nance, and the role of the State. Five policy actions include human resource development, wealth equity, economic restructuring, fi nancial restructuring, and strategic policy planning. In the Islamic perspective, liberalization is recognized but has social responsibility, while deregulation means anti-government. In Islam the government must be responsible for fulfilling 5 sharia objectives. In implementing development policies and strategies, the government is expected to be able to instill Islamic values in every economic activity by creating a healthy socio-economic without disturbing individual rights and motivating the community with this maqashid sharia will be achieved.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission of emerging market countries, both short and long-term in maintaining economic stability and reducing poverty. The main problem in this paper is that monetary transmission is incapable of controlling the economy and reducing poverty. There are five countries selected such as India, Brazil, China, Russia, and Indonesia. Long-term prediction analysis using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model is performed to predict five emerging market countries using Regression Panel. It results suggest that monetary policy transmission affecting the number of poor people should be controlled in three stages. In the short-term, the transmission of export variables and inflation controls the number of poor people. In the medium-term, the control of the number of poor people uses variables of inflation and exports while in the long-term uses exports and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Overall, all economic variables of emerging market countries are greatly influenced by the fluctuations of each country's exports, then by food price stability as measured by food price inflation. The result of regression panel analysis is known that the factor that most influence the poor people in emerging market country is GDP. Exports also affect poor people such as Indonesia, China, and Russia. Inflation also causes poor people like India and Brazil. The countries that have the most impact on economic fluctuations on the number of poor people are India, Indonesia, China, Brazil, and Russia.

All this time poverty reduction policy is partial, it’s so hard to combine all of the perception about poverty reduction because of poverty data is unintegrated, usually data in local government and BPS is different and not synchronous, moreover the poverty services partially will extended the bureaucracy. Sragen create a policy that be a solution to handle poverty problem with established an integrated unit that handle the poverty services like free health services for poor people, scholarship for smart poor student, rebuild the house uninhabitable (RTLH), and usually called by Integrated Services Unit Poverty (UPTPK). In this research, investigator interest to make analysis about how UPTPK can form and who is the actor that most contribute then how is the political intrigues that happened so can formed this UPTPK. The thing that more interested is now all of the policies in Sragen always nuances about poverty reduction. And to answer those questions, using research methods with descriptive approach, that is illustrating the formulation process with analyze data from interviews with relevant parties concerned. Based on research can found some facts, there are from the problem formulation, the issues that developed not only about poverty, but also about bureaucracy in the earlier policies are difficult for the poor people, then the issue policies that appear is caused the campaign from Sragen regent, Agus Faturahman that lift theme about poverty reduction. Society admitted, poverty is a problem that should be solved, but the issue can interested the society when regent campaign. Based on the research there are many factors that influence the policies, and most dominant is economic and political factors. Economic factor are about the budget deficit in the earlier regent leadership that impact the minimum budget to do development policies, so the budget are used for poverty reduction policies. From the policies agenda, there are demand from some group for the regent to realized the promises when his campaign that is Mbelo Wong Cilik. So the demand indirectly is focused to the poverty problem. Furthermore, determination the policies agenda not through DPRD because UPTPK there’s no in SOTK Sragen government, so there’s no discussion about UPTPK legality with DPRD. From the policy determining, UPTPK established just by a regent with the legal basis only a regent decree. Because of UPTPK isn’t in the SOTK Sragen government, as a consequence UPTPK yet manage their own budgeting.

Nonparametric regression approaches are used when the shape of the regression curve between the response variable and the predictor variable is assumed to be unknown. Nonparametric excess regression has high flexibility. A frequently used nonparametric regression approach is a truncated spline that has excellent ability to handle data whose behavior is variable at certain sub-intervals. The aim of this study was to obtain the best model of multivariable nonparametric regression with linear and quadratic truncated spline approaches using Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) and Unbiased Risk (UBR) methods and to find out the factors influencing stunting prevalence in Indonesia in 2021. The data used are the prevalence of stunting as a response variable and the predictor variable used by the percentage of infants receiving Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, the percentage of households with proper sanitation, the percentage of toddlers receiving Early Childhood Cultivation (IMD), the percentage of the poor population, and the percentage of pregnant womenIt's a risk. Results show that the best linear and quadratic nonparametric spline truncated regression model in modeling the stunting prevalence is linear truncated spline using the GCV method with three knot points. This model has the minimum GCV value of 7.29 with MSE value of 1.82. Factors influencing the incidence of stunting in Indonesia in 2021 include the percentage variable of infants receiving Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, the percentage of households with proper sanitation, the percentage of poor people, and the percentage of pregnant women at risk of KEK.

The social and economic impacts caused by the Covid-19 pandemic are in fact very influential on the level of social welfare, including causing many people to lose their jobs so that it has the potential to increase the number of poor people. When the economy is weakening due to Covid-19, the only thing that can be expected is financial stimulus, which is government policy. The Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT-DD) is very helpful in encouraging public consumption. The aim of the study was to find out how far the Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance is managed and the impact of BLT-DD management on Community Welfare in Gerung District, West Lombok Regency. The type of research used is field research which is a research mechanism using area exploration which produces descriptive information, in written form or information by people by looking at the observed research. This research was conducted by collecting data in the form of observation data, questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The research locations were taken by researchers in three villages namely: (a). Tempos Village; (b). Kebon Ayu Village; (c). Suka Makmur Village. The results of this study indicate that First, Direct Cash Assistance to Village Funds in terms of Identification of Beneficiary Groups is still weak, this is evidenced by the discrepancy in the distribution of Village Fund BLT at least 40% of Village Funds so that the number of KPM social assistance is reduced than it should be; Second. Management of Village Fund BLT distribution to poor families in villages in the form of targeting accuracy, there are still duplication of KPM recipients of Village Fund BLT who also receive other social assistance such as PKH and BPNT; Third, there are problems with receiving multiple NIK Village Fund BLT or invalid NIK; Fourth, there are reports from the public regarding the management of the BLT Dana Desa in 2021 in which the KPM is rotated to receive non-permanent social assistance for a year. For now, the distribution of Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance in the three villages has been running until the fourth quarter, namely January to December 2022; Fifth, the positive impact of the Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance program can help the community's economy, including increasing the purchasing power of people affected by Covid-19.

The Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) is one of the essential indicators to measure the ability of a region to compete with other regions in the economic, social, and environmental fields. Increasing regional competitiveness is one of the goals desired by every local government to encourage economic growth and community welfare. This study aims of the research to find out the relationship between the Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) and socioeconomic macroeconomic variables such as the growth of Gross Regional Domestik Bruto (GRDP), Human Development Index (HDI), Foreign Investment, Domestic Investment, Regional Income and poverty rates in Indonesia in 2022 in Indonesia. The data used are publication data from the National Innovation Research Agency (BRIN) and the Statistic Indonesia (BPS) in 2022. The analysis model used is the PLS Structural Equation Model (SEM) model with SmartPLS software. The results showed that RCI significantly positively affected HDI, GRDP growth, Domestic Investment, Foreign Investment, and Regional Income. On the other hand, RCI significantly negatively affects the percentage of poor people. A comprehensive and targeted policy is needed so that the Regional Saiang Power Index continues to increase. In addition, supervision is needed related to programs that have been running related to regional competitiveness

Abstract Legal aid is present to provide protection against any person or group of poor people. State through the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights as Legal Aid organizers should be able to deliver justice in the legal field to the poor either not problematic or problematic law. Mencoboba researchers focus on implementation issues legal aid aims to determine the setting of legal aid in Indonesia, to determine the legal position in the implementation of the legal aid Act No. 16 Year 2011 regarding Legal Aid, and to determine the factors that affect the implementation of Legal Aid. Researchers try to find the problem regarding the setting and the factors that affect the implementation of legal aid, to address these problems used normative juridical research methods, analytical descriptive, using the theory of justice, the data used secondary data from the literature, with the approach of legislation. Based on the results of the study, Indonesia has attempted to provide protection against any person or group of poor people who lodged lawsuits with the enactment of the Legal Aid Act, Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights No. 3 Year 2013 regarding Procedures for Verification and Accreditation of Legal Aid or social organizations provide legal assistance to persons or groups of poor people, the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 42 Year 2013 regarding Terms and Procedures for Granting Legal Aid and Legal Aid Disbursement, Regulation of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 Year 2013 About the Implementation Regulation Government Regulation No. 42 Year 2013 About Terms and Procedures for Granting Legal Aid and Legal Aid Disbursement. Results of this study concluded that the provision of legal assistance to the poor as regulated in Act Number 16 Year 2011 concerning the Legal Aid does not run according to the rules, terms as Managing Aid Legal impede the provision of legal aid, legal aid does not run as expected because it is still affected by the lack of proper implementation of the rules. Key words: implementation, legal aid providers, Act Number 16 Year 2011 Regarding Legal Aid Akbstrak Bantuan Hukum hadir untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap orang atau kelompok orang miskin. Negara melalui Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia sebagai Penyelenggara Bantuan Hukum harus dapat memberikan keadilan di bidang hukum kepada golongan miskin baik yang tidak bermasalah maupun yang bermasalah hukum. Peneliti mencoboba fokus terhadap masalah pelaksanaan pemberi bantuan hukum bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan bantuan hukum di Indonesia, untuk mengetahui kedudukan hukum Pemberi Bantuan Hukum dalam pelaksanaan Undang-Undang No. 16 Tahun 2011 Tentang Bantuan Hukum, dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi Pemberi Bantuan Hukum. Peneliti mencoba menemukan masalah mengenai pengaturan dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pemberi bantuan hukum, untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut digunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, bersifat deskriptif analitis, menggunakan teori keadilan, data yang digunakan data sekunder dari studi pustaka, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Indonesia telah berupaya memberikan perlindungan terhadap orang atau kelompok orang miskin yang tersangkut perkara hukum dengan diundangkannya Undang-Undang Bantuan Hukum, Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Ham No. 3 Tahun 2013 Tentang Tata Cara Verifikasi dan Akreditasi Lembaga Bantuan Hukum atau Organisasi Kemasyarakatan yang memberikan bantuan hukum kepada orang atau kelompok orang miskin, Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 42 Tahun 2013 Tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pemberian Bantuan Hukum dan Penyaluran Dana Bantuan Hukum, Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2013 Tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 42 Tahun 2013 Tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pemberian Bantuan Hukum dan Penyaluran Dana Bantuan Hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian bantuan hukum kepada orang miskin yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 Tentang Bantuan Hukum tidak berjalan sesuai aturan, syarat sebagai Pelaksana Pemberi Bantuan Hukum menghambat pemberian bantuan hukum, pemberian bantuan hukum tidak berjalan sesuai harapan karena masih dipengaruhi oleh aturan pelaksanaan yang kurang tepat. Kata kunci: pelaksanaan, pemberi bantuan hukum, Undang-undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum

The number of poor people in Banten Province is in the third lowest position in Java Island under the Special Region Province of the Capital Jakarta and Yogyakarta Special Region Province in 2018-2020 until finally it is in the second lowest position in 2021. However, this does not mean that the problem of poverty is no longer a top priority. This study aims to apply the Markov chain in predicting poverty in Banten Province. According to Marli et al. (2018) The Markov chain is a method that studies the properties of a variable in the present based on its past properties to estimate the properties of these variables in the future. In this research, the type of research used is applied research and used secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) Banten Province. The poverty prediction results for Pandeglang Regency in 2022, 2023 and 2024-2025 will increase by 2%, 0.46%, and 0.02%, respectively. Lebak Regency in 2022 will increase by 2%, in 2023 and in 2024-2025 it will decrease by 0.66% and 0.01%, respectively. Tangerang Regency in 2022 will decrease by 4%, in 2023 it will increase by 0.99%, and will fall back in 2024-2025 by 0.01%. Serang Regency in 2022 will increase by 1%, in 2023-2025 it will decrease by 0.83%. Tangerang City in 2022 remains, in 2023 and 2024-2025 it will increase by 0.53% and 0.01%, respectively. The city of Cilegon in 2022 remains, in 2023 it will increase by 0.18% and 2024-2025 will decrease by 0.01%. Serang City in 2022 remains, in 2023-2025 it will decrease by 0.71%. South Tangerang City in 2022 will decrease by 1%, in 2023-2025 it will increase by 0.04%. The steady state probability of Pandeglang Regency is 17.48%, Lebak Regency is 17.33%, Tangerang Regency is 27.98%, Serang Regency is 10.17%, Tangerang City is 15.54%, Cilegon City is 2.17%, Serang City is 5.29% and South Tangerang City is 4.04%..

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Village Funds and Expenditure Capital on welfare through poverty in 30 regencies/cities (29 regencies and 1 Batu city) in East Java province in 2015–2022. Secondary data on Village Funds and Capital Expenditures were obtained from the website of the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. Secondary data on poverty (number of poor people) and welfare (IPM) were obtained from the website of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of East Java Province. The data analysis technique used path analysis with the SmartPLS 3 tool. The results showed that partially the Village Fund had a significant positive effect on poverty and the Village Fund had a significant positive effect on welfare. Capital Expenditure has a significant positive effect on poverty and Capital Expenditure has a significant positive effect on welfare. Poverty has a significant negative effect on welfare. Village Funds have a significant indirect negative effect on welfare through poverty. Capital Expenditures have a significant indirect negative effect on welfare through poverty.

Indonesia is a Republican State that has a variety of cultures, a maritime country with waters covering two-thirds of its land area, which makes it clear that Indonesia is a large country. The increasing number of poor people has resulted in an increasing number of people who prefer to work as street vendors because the work is in accordance with their expertise. The City Government has made efforts to reduce the difficulties caused by the presence of street vendors by passing Semarang City Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2018 concerning Arrangement and Empowerment of Street Vendors. The purpose of this research is to find out and examine the implementation of these regional regulations on Jalan Pandanaran 2 Semarang City, as well as the obstacles that hinder its implementation. The problems discussed in this study include how the Regional Regulation of the City of Semarang Number 3 of 2018 concerning Jalan Pandanaran II Semarang City is implemented, as well as the challenges faced. This research uses a juridical-empirical research type, the resources used consist of primary and secondary data. The research results obtained are (1) the implementation of this regional regulation can be said to have been going quite well even though it has not been implemented effectively. (2) there are still several obstacles encountered in the field such as lack of land availability, lack of human resources to support the effective implementation of regional regulations. (3) The solution that can be concluded from the results of interviews with several street vendors, the majority of them voiced a desire for the government to be more aggressive in providing socialization regarding a more orderly arrangement of street vendors, more accomodated collection of fees and clear coordination.

The chain of transmission of COVID-19 cases has been increased from day to day. Based on data from the Ministry of Health, the province of West Sumatra is ranked 3rd in Indonesia. This research is aimed to find out the modelling of risk factor of COVID-19 disease in district/city in West Sumatera. This research is an observational analytic study using secondary data in 2020 and multivariate analysis includes a cluster analysis, biplot analysis and discriminant analysis. The unit of analysis in this study are all districts / cities in West Sumatra and uses 6 factors that cause COVID-19 in West Sumatra. Grouping process yielded three clusters of districts / cities based on factors causes COVID-19. The different variable between clusters based on the result of discriminant analysis, namely; the number of elderly, the percentage of poor people and the population density. To that end, it is advisable to West Sumatra Provincial Health Office in the implementation of eradication programs and disease prevention COVID-19 to implement disease management based on the characteristics of each region of each district / city.

This study explores poor people or negative ownership class phenomena as result of exploitative ideology by using power including exploitation of natural resource and placement of population as cheap labor. This study explores poor people or negative ownership class phenomena as result of exploitative ideology by using power, including exploitation of natural resource and placement of human resources as cheaper labor. Although many studies about Indonesian nationalism were conducted previously, but generally the study of nationalism in relation to the poor people class in Indonesia are not the main focus of the study.This article using qualitative research method. In order to compare different phenomena in various periods, this article uses historical comparative research method. There were five levels in historical comparative research. First, is conceptualizing the object of inquiry. Second is locating the evidence. Third is evaluating quality of evidence. Fourth is organizing evidence. Fifth is syntesizing. An open interviewed was conducted with stakeholders whose directly involved in many cases within several political party bodies such as Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI), Partai Demokrasi Indonesia (PDI). Data was analyzed by social, cultural, and political interpretation. It can be concluded tht in national politic constellation, the phenomena of poor class produce a defense term for their group, known as 'marhaen' and 'wong cilik'. Nevertheless, nationalism practice in Indonesia as represented by PNI, PDI, dan PDI Perjuangan, have not yet succedeed to freed poor people from social aleniation in political power contestation, the ownership of capital, or in relations between state and government. This nation still struggled to build competitive political and economical power in order to reate a social transformation.

Plaosan distric is one of the Magetan regency where its economic activities supported by agricultural activities. The leading agricultural sector is horticulture. But there are problems that indicate the agricultural sector is not maximized in the improvement of the local economy in the Plaosan district. BPS note’s shown the District Plaosan among 18 (eighteen) districts in Magetan has the number of poor people (pre-prosperous) the second largest after the Panekan District, and there is an increasing trend of poor people from 2008 till 2011 with an average of 1.5% per year. This study aims to determine the regional development of agriculture-based on horticultural subsector in Plaosan district using quantitative descriptive with three analysis. First, analysis of the characteristics and potential of the area. Second, the analysis of the factors driving and inhibiting. Third, analysis of the effect of horticultural farming activities for improving the welfare of farmers and their contribution in the development of the region in Plaosan district. The results of this study are as follows: First, the availability of agricultural land, labor, still very potential to be developed. Second, agricultural activities have not yet had significant impact on the welfare of farmers which shown by indicators of Farmers Exchange / NTP average in Plaosan district is 100.96. This figure is far from the average exchange rate of the national horticultural farmers agricultural sector that is equal to 109.34. Third, the most influential factor affecting the results of the exchange rate of farmers is the availability of local materials and equipment, which still have not been fulfilled. Horticulture sector in the Plaosan district can be developed as the driving force of the economic society as well as being the leading sectors that encourage development in the Plaosan. Therefore, we need an effort to increase the exchange rate of farmers and horticulture performance optimization through: (1) improvement of upstream agricultural sub-sector, in this case related to the provision of seeds, fertilizers, and drugs. (2) Improvement of support subsector associated to generating activities and providing necessary services such as marketing, irrigation, transportation, research development, extension and consultancy.

Poverty and forestry has inter-connected one another. Most of the poor people live in the urban area are closely interacted with forest. This fact has been showed in some studies which are clearly stated that poor people are mostly found nearby forest area. Bukit Dua Belas national park as one of national park in Jambi province had experienced drastical forest degradation for the last 20 years. Based on the data alalysis from Citra Satelite, the total of degraded forest area is approximately 69,825 ha or in average is 3,492 ha per year. It happens because of massive encroachment which is done by the local people in a purpose to open communities’ farming. The primary objective of this research is to analyze which factors has contributed to communities’ impovorishment around TNBD. The result of this study shows that the distance of farming, size of land, the management and the status of land are the potential factor affecting the communities’ income significantly. Keywords: national park, forestry, forest degradation, poor people

Through tourism, several problems such as poverty alleviation and unemployment reduction can be solved. The development and development of tourism can bring huge benefits to the Indonesian people, especially the people in the tourist destination areas. The development of tourism plays a role in economic movements that can improve the well-being of communities, such as more open employment, business opportunities for communities, and increased revenue for the communities themselves and the country, especially local governments. This study aims to determine the types of poverty, causes of poverty, and the impact of tourism on the poor population in Central Java's tourist areas. A total of 60 coastal residents were sampled for the study using a purposeful sampling method. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptions. The results of the study are as follows (i) Types of poverty in coastal communities, among which: 60 years old and above, low education level (primary school graduates), and average income below the monthly minimum wage, (ii) The factors that lead to poverty include natural factors, cultural factors and in The lack of poor people working in the tourism sector, and (iii) the impact of tourism on coastal communities is conducive to the creation of new employment opportunities, such as guest diving guests, porters and souvenir sellers by understanding the opportunities and promises to foster entrepreneurship, thereby reducing poverty in the vicinity of tourist villages.

Poverty is the inability to meet the minimum standard of living. This situation can be seen from the low income in meeting basic needs, both in the form of needs for food, clothing, and shelter. Based on Law No. 24 of 2004, poverty is a socioeconomic condition of a person or group of people for which the non-fulfillment of its basic rights to maintain and develop a dignified life. The issuance of this policy from the government is due to differences in social, economic, and natural characteristics and conditions in each region, with the aim of maximizing the potential in each region, so that it is expected to be able to improve welfare and reduce poverty. Yogyakarta Special Region (D.I.Y) is a province-level Special Region in Indonesia located in the southern part of Java Island, and bordering Central Java Province. According to the BPS report, the number of diy poor people until September 2021 was 474.49 thousand people. This study used Double Exponential Smoothing as the analysis method. The results of the analysis obtained are data on the poverty line of the Yogyakarta Special Region from 2004 to 2022 patterned on upward trand. the MAPE value of the model is 1.8% which indicates that the forecasting model uses the DES method accurately. 4. After looking at the comparison plot of the actual data and forecasting. From 2023 to 2027, the poverty line in the Special Region of Yogyakarta will continue to increase compared to the previous year

Inequality in income distribution is one of the problems that are often experienced by some countries in the world. Income inequality in Indonesia is measured by an indicator named Gini Ratio. BPS Indonesia noted that in March 2021, the Gini Ratio in Indonesia was 0,384. This figure shows that Indonesia belongs to the category of moderate income inequality, which means that income in Indonesia is not well distributed or there is an inequality in income distribution. For this reason, the inequality that occurs needs to be decreased by recognizing the factors that affect it. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that significantly affect the Indonesia’s Gini Ratio in 2016-2020 by applying panel data regression. The results show that the model chosen to represent the Indonesia’s Gini Ratio in 2016-2020 is a fixed time effect model with of 40,282%, which is significantly be affected by the human development index, population, open unemployment rate, percentage of poor people, and average hourly wage for worker.

This study focused on applying spiritual leadership behavior, religious culture, and local wisdom preserved and its implications on students' character at MTs Sunan Kalijaga Pamekasan Madura. It used a qualitative approach based on phenomenology type. This study found that spiritual leadership behavior in preserving religious culture and local wisdom is reflected by making divine and prophetic values as the foundation of his leadership vision, the spiritual commitment shown in thought, speech, and action, dedicating his efforts as worship. Religious culture leads to individual and social piety through the habituation of reading the Qur'an, praying together, and sympathizing with orphans and poor people. Preserved local wisdom is closely related to Islamic traditions in Madura, such as tatele', Ashura' celebrations, istighatsah, and the Islamic culture of hadrah banjari. This preservation impacts the affective dimension and the growth of student behavior by vertically and horizontally religious values. The spiritual commitment becomes dedication values as a form of worship and empowering personnel by jihad and good service.