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BackgroundIn recent years, the rising number of e-cigarette users among adolescents and the surging cases of lung injury related to e-cigarette use have attracted the attention of researchers in various fields.ObjectiveTo identify the research hotspots and trends of e-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) worldwide from 2013 to 2022 by bibliometric and visual analysis. MethodsWeb of Science Core Collection was selected to obtain literature related to EVALI from 2013 to 2022 across the world, statistics were calculated by country/region, institution, author, journal, cited literature, keyword, etc. CiteSpace 6.2.R1 was used for visual analysis to draw diagrams of publication trend, author cooperation network, co-citation clustering time distribution, and keyword cluster. ResultsA total of 888 EVALI-related papers published between 2013 and 2022 were retrieved. The number of publications was gradually increased, with a significant increase in 2020 and a decrease from 2021, but the number of citations was increased year by year. The most active country was the United States (631 articles). European and American countries cooperated closely and the centrality was prominent. Among the publishing institutions, the University of California system topped the list with 103 articles. Rahman I (27 articles) published the most articles and had a high degree of centrality; Goniewicz M L was the most cited author; and the network analysis diagram showed relatively weak collaboration between authors. The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine was the journal with the highest number of publications (94 articles). The top 5 cited articles were all cited more than 300 times. The leading high-frequency keywords of EVALI-related studies were nicotine (149 times), exposure (118 times), and oxidative stress (80 times). The cluster of key nodes in the co-citation network and the clustering time distribution diagram indicated youth e-cigarette addiction received widespread attention from society. From the top 25 keywords with the strongest bursts, the focus of research on the pathogenesis of EVALI gradually shifted from the oxidative stress damage associated with e-cigarette vapor to the oxidative effect of flavoring chemicals in the process of lung injury. The current research interests in this field were mainly the mechanisms of various chemicals in e-cigarettes and the heating elements that led to damage to the lungs. ConclusionEVALI is receiving continuous attention from researchers in government, medical institutions, and other organizations. A variety of e-cigarette ingredients such as flavoring chemicals may lead to varying degrees of cytotoxicity, inflammation, and lung damage. However, the pathophysiology of EVALI remains unclear. In the future, more Chinese scholars should be encouraged to participate in this field.

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a purine metabolism disorder caused by the imbalance between uric acid production and excretion, which, when severe, can lead to gout and renal function damage. At present, the prevalence of HUA/gout is increasing yearly in China and the HUA/gout patients are becoming younger and younger. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal flora of patients with HUA/gout is imbalanced when compared with that of healthy people, and different dietary patterns can affect the level of uric acid by adjusting the intestinal flora. This paper elaborates on the characteristics of the intestinal flora in patients with HUA/gout and the effect of the intestinal flora on uric acid metabolism, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the prevention, early diagnosis and auxiliary treatment of HUA/gout. This paper also summarizes recent progress in understanding the impact of different dietary patterns on uric acid levels in order to guide patients to effectively prevent and delay the occurrence of HUA/gout by adjusting their dietary patterns.

Since its inception by Dr. Kabat-Zinn, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has led to various mindfulness interventions and gained positive feedback in many fields. This paper extracts the shared mindfulness mechanisms emphasized by Kabat-Zinn’s MBSR and the Buddhist “Four Foundations of Mindfulness,” assesses their applicability to mindfulness education, and compares their differences in objectives and skills, serving as a reference for the future development of mindfulness education in Taiwan. The study finds that mindfulness education in Taiwan mainly follows Kabat-Zinn’s guidance, focusing on basic practices of “body, feelings, and mind,” with less involvement in higher-level psychological insights. In the aspect of “dharmas,” Kabat-Zinn incorporated Zen concepts, a practice that has seen limited attention and utilization in Taiwan, which also rarely addresses goal-oriented elements. This paper suggests that mindfulness education in Taiwan should emphasize the guidance of “impermanence and non-self” and the systematic thinking of “dharmas,” striving to present these concepts in accessible language to mitigate concerns over religiosity. To enhance mindfulness education in Taiwan, two key areas should be addressed: first, the scope of mindfulness research and practice should expand to include “higher-level psychological qualities”; second, government authorities should consolidate resources to establish a mindfulness research and teacher training center, aiming to develop a comprehensive and practical pedagogical framework. Only with solid academic research and institutional support can mindfulness education in Taiwan be truly strengthened, thereby enhancing public well-being and promoting holistic development.

In the 1920s, the statistician Ronald Fisher introduced a statistical theory system based on probability calculations and evaluations. Fisher coined the term “p-value” to denote the probability of observing the obtained results, assuming that the independent variable is not influenced or manipulated. This calculation helps evaluate the likelihood of such results within the research context. Later, Neyman and Pearson proposed the concepts of null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, advocating for the inclusion of both in the hypothesis testing. While the two approaches to testing statistical hypotheses were different, these approaches were later integrated into what is now known as null hypothesis significance testing, with the p-value as a standardized measure for statistical analysis. In recent years, however, the academic community has identified a concerning trend known as “p-hacking,” where researchers misuse or abuse data analysis to achieve misleading statistical significance. Then, researchers claim to have speciously successful experiments and publish the implausible research results in journals. This paper focuses on p-hacking within quantitative educational research, exploring its origins, definition, technique, impact, and how journals prevent the manipulation of p-hacking. Finally, this paper reinstates the correct perception of p-value with recommendations for preventing p-hacking, including providing evidence of practical significance while presenting statistical significance, ensuring replicability of research results, stating the structure and details of statistical analysis, and judicious selection of appropriate analytical techniques.

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an important material for shielding nuclear fission products in tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) particles for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors. It has an important influence on the safety performance of TRISO particles. Therefore, it is necessary to study the irradiation behaviors and mechanical properties of the SiC layer of TRISO particles. The irradiation process and nanoindentation process can be described accurately by molecular dynamics simulations. It is helpful to analyze the irradiation behavior and mechanical properties of materials. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the irradiation behavior of equiaxed polycrystalline and long-axis polycrystalline SiC layers obtained from experiments. The calculated theoretical values of the irradiation swelling degree and mechanical properties of the SiC layer are in good agreement with the experimental values. It shows the strong applicability of the potential functions and other simulation system parameters used in this paper. The irradiation behavior of the SiC layer was studied in detail by swelling degree, density, atomic structure type, and point defect evolution. The results show that the grain structure of the SiC layer has no significant effect on its irradiation swelling and amorphization. The amorphization is not directly converted from the crystal structure to the amorphous structure during the irradiation process. The crystal structure is converted into an intermediate state structure and then converted into an amorphous structure. The point defects are mainly C vacancies, Si interstitial atoms, and C antisite atoms in the early stage of irradiation. The difference between the ratio of C point defects and Si point defects gradually disappears after the irradiation dose tends to be saturated. The evolution of amorphization and point defects tends to start nearby the grain boundaries. Irradiation reduces the mechanical properties of SiC layers. It no longer has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the SiC layer after the irradiation dose tends to be saturated. The changes in the mechanical properties of the SiC layer before and after irradiation were analyzed by load-depth curve and stress & strain. The results show that the decrease in mechanical properties of the SiC layer is closely related to the mechanical behaviors under external force. For example, the bearing capacity and plastic deformation degree decrease, and the stress & strain distribution are disordered. The results provide a quantitative explanation for the irradiation behavior of the SiC layer of TRISO particles and the change of mechanical properties under irradiation. It is helpful to understand the irradiation behavior and relationship between the irradiation behavior and mechanical properties of the SiC layer.

The mathematical model of a radio frequency (RF) system incorporates crucial characteristic parameters of an RF cavity, including the cavity bandwidth, the resonant frequency, and Lorentz force detuning factors, which is very important for the cavity performance evaluation, the control system simulation, and the optimization of low-level control algorithms. A network analyzer is usually used to measure scattering parameters and subsequently construct mathematical models of a RF system. However, the measurement steps are tedious and fail to identify the system model online. Therefore, an advanced online identification algorithm was described for RF cavity systems in this paper, which simulated the operational principles of a network analyzer. This algorithm was integrated within a digital low-level RF (LLRF) system and consisted of a high-precision numerically controlled oscillator, a frequency control word generator module, an amplitude-phase calculation module, and a sweep frequency amplitude-phase processing module. With the assistance of the Matlab/Simulink platform, which provides an ideal environment for simulation and analysis, the deployment of this algorithm was ultimately realized on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip of the low-level system, accomplishing the online identification of RF systems. Then, the sweeping algorithm was verified on a superconducting cavity of the China Accelerator Driven System Front-end Demo Linac at the Institute of Modern Physics. During the verification process, the half-bandwidth of all cavities in CM1 was accurately measured using an online identification algorithm, and the half-bandwidth of all cavities corresponding to CM1 was also measured utilizing a network analyzer. The results of half-bandwidth measured by the two methods are in good agreement, strongly supporting the validity of the online identification algorithm for cavity system models proposed in this paper. Furthermore, we successfully measured the distortion curve of cavity frequency response caused by Lorentz force detuning. Finally, the influence of Lorentz force detuning variation on the measurement of the critical cavity parameters was discussed in this paper. As the RF peak electric field increases, the radiation pressure within the cavity rises proportionately, leading to a corresponding increase in Lorenz force detuning. This article demonstrates that when the RF peak electric field of the cavity operating is less than 16 MV/m, Lorenz force detuning has a relatively limited impact on the bandwidth measurement of the cavity. Conversely, once the peak acceleration electric field surpasses this threshold, Lorenz force detuning exerts an unnegligible effect on the measurement of the half-bandwidth of the cavity. The specific mechanisms of the Lorenz force detuning’s influence on the half-bandwidth of the cavity will be further studied in future research.

Purposes As the "world's oldest overpass", the Flying Bridge across Fish Ponds in Jinci Temple highlights the cultural characteristics of ancient buildings in Shanxi. Methods In this paper, the compressive strength of the stone pillars of the Flying Bridge across Fish Ponds in Jinci Temple was tested with the rebound meter. AutoCAD software was used for three-dimensional modeling according to the mapping paper, and Abaqus finite element analysis software was used to simulate and analyze the overall stability under static load and seismic action. Findings The results show that under static action, for the Flying Bridge across Fish Ponds, the stress of the components is much less than the allowable value, and the settlement of the foundation is small and tends to be stable. Under the action of earthquake, the structural force is uniform and symmetrical, the top surface displacement is the largest, the third main stress of the stone column is mainly concentrated on the foot and the top of the column, and along the seismic wave loading direction, the oblique section develops, the stress is also less than the allowable value, and has good seismic stability. The results of this work can provide a reference for future conservation work of the Flying Bridge across Fish Ponds.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. that mainly contaminates wheat, corn, and other food crops, and has posed serious threats to food safety. Currently, enzymatic detoxification of DON shows promising application prospects. This paper provided an overview of the latest domestic and international research on the types of biotransformation enzymes, degradation mechanisms, structural features, detoxification enzyme mining strategies, and molecular modifications of DON. Additionally, the paper explored research trends in molecular design of mycotoxin detoxification enzymes assisted by artificial intelligence, which aimed to provide a reference for the development of bio-detoxification technology of DON in food and feed.

The liquid metal cooled fast reactor has significant strategic significance for the innovative development of nuclear energy, and the development of fuel performance analysis programs suitable for liquid metal cooled fast reactors is of great significance for the design and safety analysis of fast reactors. Fuel elements are one of the most fundamental components of nuclear reactors, and analyzing their performance is one of the most challenging tasks in reactor development. The fuel element performance analysis program LoongCALF based on the multi-physics coupling platform MOOSE was developed in this paper. This program aimed to simulate the long-term service performance evolution of fuel elements under steady-state conditions, providing scientific basis for the design, service life prediction, and safety evaluation of LMFR fuel elements. The program was aimed at metal cooled fast reactor fuel elements, and based on finite element method and JFNK method, solved the thermal mechanical coupling equation of nuclear reactor fuel, and obtained the spatial distribution and temporal variation of physical quantities such as temperature, stress, strain, and fission gas release. The program used a 1.5-dimensional modeling method to perform multi-physics field coupling calculations on fuel rods. In addition, the program supported one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional mesh modeling calculations to meet the construction requirements of fuel element models of different sizes and shapes. The program adopted a modular design with separate material modules. Currently, the fuel types supported by the program include UO2 and MOX, the cladding materials include HT9 and 1515Ti, and the coolant materials supported sodium, lead, and lead bismuth. To verify the accuracy of the program, two benchmark examples were designed for numerical simulation and calculation in this paper. Example 1 used UO2 as the core material and 1515Ti as the cladding material; Example 2 used MOX as the core material and HT9 as the cladding material. By comparing and calculating with the Fiber-Oxide program of the Chinese Institute of Atomic Energy, it is found that the two programs show good consistency in key parameters such as core cladding temperature, displacement, stress, and fission gas release fraction. Although there are certain differences in the handling of repositioning and fracture models, resulting in some deviation in the initial calculation results, considering the limitations of the empirical models used in fuel performance analysis programs, this difference is still within an acceptable range. In summary, the LoongCALF program can accurately simulate the fuel behavior and key parameter evolution inside fuel elements under steady-state operating conditions of liquid metal cooled fast reactors. In the future, we will rely on more practical measurement cases to conduct deeper verification and optimization of the LoongCALF program, to ensure its accuracy and reliability in fast reactor design and safety analysis.

The deterministic two-step method for the fast reactor neutronics calculation, composed of cross-section homogenization and diffusion or transport core calculations, was widely applied in the fast reactor engineering design and analysis field. The homogenized cross-section calculation method based on Monte Carlo with continuous-energy and fine geometry can provide high-precision cross-sections for advanced fast reactors. The current development status and trends of coupling Monte Carlo-generated homogenized cross-sections with diffusion and transport core calculations were briefly reviewed in this paper. The methods discussed include the Monte Carlo flux-volume homogenization method, the superhomogenization equivalence technique (SPH), and the Monte Carlo flux-moment homogenization method (MHT). The MET-1000 metal fuel fast reactor is used as a benchmark. The SPH equivalent techniques are widely used to preserve the reaction rates of a reference heterogeneous model and a homogenous model. In this paper, the SPH was applied to the control rods' cross-section address to improve the diffusion core calculations. This equivalence technique reduces the overestimation of the control rod worth using the diffusion core solver from 13.5% to 0.35% and improves power distribution prediction accuracy. With SPH correction, the MC/diffusion in this work exhibits about