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In deze bijdrage geven we een overzicht van de belangrijkste wijzigingen op fiscaal vlak van jaar 2022, met name de procedure hervorming en de wijzigingen inzake vennootschapsbelasting, personenbelasting en btw.

Achtergrond Over patiënten die op jonge leeftijd een psychotische stoornis ontwikkelen, weten we weinig door de lage prevalentie en de opsplitsing van de hulpverlening voor minderjarigen en volwassenen. Doel In kaart brengen van de kenmerken van minderjarige patiënten met psychose (EOP; early onset psychosis) en het traject dat zij doorlopen in de jaren na aanvang van de psychose binnen de hulpverlening en het onderwijs en op vlak van wonen, werken en welzijn. Methode Gegevens over demografie, symptomatologie, behandeling en functioneren werden verzameld door middel van een studie van het elektronisch patiëntendossier van 31 patiënten met EOP. Veertien van deze patiënten vulden na afronding van een intensief behandeltraject in de Universitaire Kinder- en Jeugdpsychiatrie Antwerpen (UKJA) een vragenlijst in over hun vervolgtraject en welzijn. Resultaten De meeste patiënten ontwikkelden voor de leeftijd van 16 jaar een ernstig psychotisch toestandsbeeld waarvoor een (zeer) langdurige psychiatrische behandeling noodzakelijk was. Ze hadden doorgaans meerdere risicofactoren die geassocieerd zijn met psychose. Na afronding van het intensieve behandeltraject deed de meerderheid beroep op het buitengewoon onderwijs en minstens de helft stroomde op volwassen leeftijd door naar ambulante of residentiële psychiatrische zorg. Ouders vormden de belangrijkste hulpbron op sociaal vlak. Conclusie In de herstelfase is er nood aan toegang tot ondersteuning op meerdere levensdomeinen. Verbeteringen in de organisatie van de hulpverlening zijn nodig om de juiste zorg mogelijk te maken voor elke patiënt.

Virtual reality (VR) has been on the rise in recent years due to the better quality and accessibility of VR glasses and software. Despite the fact that VR is being used more often in psychiatric care, little is known about the possible applications of VR in forensic psychiatry.To investigate which possible VR-applications already exist that can also be used in forensic psychiatry and what the possible risks are.Scientific literature was consulted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase en Cochrane Library to search for immersive VR-applications for aggression, motivation and the most prevalent psychopathologies in forensic psychiatry.Several relevant VR-applications were found that can be used in the diagnosis or treatment of forensic psychiatric patients. Despite the limited number of empirical studies, several authors emphasize the potential benefits of VR for this target group.Due to the low number of studies of good quality on the use of VR in psychiatric care, it is currently not yet possible to draw clear conclusions about efficiency, deployability and specific applications. However, there is enough potential within forensic psychiatry to integrate VR into various parts of the care process, such as treatment, diagnosis and risk assessment.

AchtergrondVirtual reality (VR) is de laatste jaren aan een serieuze opmars bezig door de betere kwaliteit en toegankelijkheid van VR-brillen en -software. Hoewel VR steeds vaker gebruikt wordt binnen de psychiatrische zorg is er nog weinig bekend over de mogelijke toepassingen van VR binnen de forensisch psychiatrie. DoelOnderzoeken welke VR-toepassingen er reeds bestaan die ook ingezet kunnen worden in de forensische psychiatrie en wat de mogelijke risico’s hiervan zijn. MethodeDe wetenschappelijke literatuur werd geraadpleegd via PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase en de Cochrane Library om immersieve VR-toepassingen te zoeken voor agressie, motivatie en de meest prevalente psychiatrische stoornissen binnen de forensische psychiatrie. ResultatenWe vonden verschillende relevante VR-toepassingen die inzetbaar zijn bij diagnostiek of behandeling van forensisch psychiatrische patiënten. Ondanks het beperkte aantal empirische studies benadrukken meerdere auteurs de potentiële voordelen van VR bij deze doelgroep. ConclusieDoor een gebrek aan voldoende studies van goede kwaliteit rond het gebruik van VR in de psychiatrische zorg is het momenteel nog niet mogelijk om duidelijke conclusies te trekken over de efficiëntie, inzetbaarheid en concrete toepassingen. Toch is er binnen de forensische psychiatrie voldoende potentieel om VR in te bouwen in verschillende onderdelen van het zorgproces zoals behandeling, diagnose en risicotaxatie.

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) has been on the rise in recent years due to the better quality and accessibility of VR glasses and software. Despite the fact that VR is being used more often in psychiatric care, little is known about the possible applications of VR in forensic psychiatry. AIM: To investigate which possible VR-applications already exist that can also be used in forensic psychiatry and what the possible risks are. METHOD: Scientific literature was consulted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase en Cochrane Library to search for immersive VR-applications for aggression, motivation and the most prevalent psychopathologies in forensic psychiatry. RESULTS: Several relevant VR-applications were found that can be used in the diagnosis or treatment of forensic psychiatric patients. Despite the limited number of empirical studies, several authors emphasize the potential benefits of VR for this target group. CONCLUSION: Due to the low number of studies of good quality on the use of VR in psychiatric care, it is currently not yet possible to draw clear conclusions about efficiency, deployability and specific applications. However, there is enough potential within forensic psychiatry to integrate VR into various parts of the care process, such as treatment, diagnosis and risk assessment. ispartof: Tijdschr Psychiatr vol:63 issue:11 pages:810-815 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

In participatory action research (par), researchers, practitioners and the community engage in a research process together. This research approach has the potential to assist in bridging the research-practice gap by starting from practice needs and using joint expertise and experiences to enrich scientific knowledge, optimise clinical practice and empower stakeholders from different backgrounds.br/AIM: To discuss the potential benefits of par for clients, professionals and researchers in the field of mental healthcare.br/METHOD: Starting from the literature on par, fundamental characteristics and benefits of this research approach in the field of mental healthcare are described and illustrated with an example from practice.br/RESULTS: par in mental healthcare can contribute to enriching prepositional and practical knowledge, facilitate positive social change in care delivery, empower all stakeholders, and ultimately make a significant contribution to the integration of research and practice.br/CONCLUSION: par is valuable for clients, professionals and researchers in a variety of projects in mental healthcare.

achtergrondIn participatief actieonderzoek (pao) doorlopen onderzoekers en participanten uit de praktijk of gemeenschap gezamenlijk een onderzoeksproces. Deze onderzoeksbenadering heeft het potentieel om tegemoet te komen aan de groeiende vraag naar het overbruggen van de kloof tussen wetenschap en praktijk. pao vertrekt immers vanuit praktijknoden en maakt gebruik van gemeenschappelijke expertise en ervaring om wetenschappelijke en praktijkkennis te vergroten, het handelen in de praktijk bij te sturen en deelnemers vanuit verschillende achtergronden te bekrachtigen. doelBeargumenteren van de potentiële meerwaarde van pao voor cliënt, hulpverlener en onderzoeker in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg (ggz). methodeVanuit de literatuur over pao beschrijven van enkele fundamentele kenmerken, voordelen en uitdagingen van deze onderzoeksbenadering, en illustreren aan de hand van een praktijkvoorbeeld. resultatenpao in de ggz kan bijdragen tot het verruimen van prepositionele en praktische kennis, tot gunstige sociale veranderingen in de hulpverlening en tot empowerment van alle betrokkenen. Het ondersteunt zo het integreren van wetenschap en praktijk. conclusiepao kan in uiteenlopende projecten in de ggz een belangrijke meerwaarde betekenen voor cliënt, hulpverlener en onderzoeker.

status: published

Very little information is available concerning the prevalence of the use of medication for treatment of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly in European countries. Earlier studies have shown that a large number of patients with ASD use at least one psychoactive drug and that the numbers are increasing. Even in the nineties, studies suggested that the frequent use of psychoactive medication was widespread, although at the time there were only limited grounds for this assumption.To assess the prevalence with which psychoactive medication and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are being used for treating young people with ASD, and also to investigate relations between medication use and a number of individual characteristics that are included in the Behavioral Model of Health Service Use.The study sample (0-17 years) in the province of Antwerp, Belgium, was recruited by various means. We used a questionnaire that had been previously used in North American studies and that had to be completed by the parents of the young persons involved in the study.We included data from 263 questionnaires. In our sample 42.6% of the young persons used one or more one psychoactive drug. More than 12.2% used more than one drug. The most frequently used psychoactive drugs were ADHD-medication (31.6%) and antipsychotics (16.7%). About 14% used at least one CAM. We found a positive relationship between the use of medication and psychiatric comorbidity and/or epilepsy, the severity of autism and the parents' living conditions.We found a relatively low use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilisers and sedatives, the prevalence being lower that that reported in North American studies. Our findings appear to be in accordance with current clinical guidelines.

So far there have been relatively few studies of conduct disorder in girls. It is very important that professionals engaged in preventing and treating this disorder have a sound knowledge of the risk factors involved and of the developmental course of the disorder.To provide an overview of what is known about the risk factors and about the way in which conduct disorder develops in girls.We searched the Eric, PubMed and Medline databases for articles on conduct disorder in girls. We reviewed 41 studies and we summarised the results.Several risk factors contribute to the development of conduct disorder in girls. Just like boys, girls too can display the life-course-persistent pathway of antisocial behavior. Such girls are often associated with serious risk factors. Those with serious forms of antisocial behaviour have an increased risk of experiencing adjustment problems in later life.Future research in this area will have to concentrate on the creation of adequate prevention and treatment programs.

16p11.2 microduplication is linked with a vulnerability for a range of psychiatric and somatic problems, with variable expression and penetration rate. We discuss the phenotypical expression of this microduplication with the case of a brother and sister. Both subjects went through child psychiatric diagnostics and treatment, where a varying degree of developmental delay and symptoms that match an attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were observed in combination with short stature and low body mass index.

The Belgian child and adolescent mental health care system is in the process of being substantially reformed and re-shaped.To outline recent reforms in Belgian child and adolescent mental health care.To provide an overview of the recent literature on service delivery and on the organisation of the Belgian mental health care system for children and adolescents.On the basis of various studies a National Plan for Child and Adolescent Mental Health was drawn up and recently approved.According to this National Plan additional measures will be taken to help children and young people with mental health problems. Networking will play an increasingly important role in the new organisational configuration of the new mental health policy.