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Virginia Apgar designed the apgar score during a breakfast with colleagues in response to a discussion about the need to evaluate newborns at birth. She scribbled down the score on a piece of paper and the score has been indispensable ever since, not just for reflecting the clinical condition and to indicate whether intervention was needed, but also to predict outcome. The reliability and validity have been often questioned, also in a recent study. Is it time to "call it" and send the score on retirement?

Background: An ilio-psoas hematoma is a spontaneous or traumatic retroperitoneal hemorrhage in the ilio-psoas muscle. It is an uncommon condition, occurring in patients with bleeding disorders or patients on anticoagulant therapy. It has a high mortality and presents itself with non-specific symptoms like pain in de lower back, hip or upper leg., Case Description: We present the case of a 70-year-old women, on anticoagulant therapy, presenting with atraumatic pain in de left hip. On clinical exam she complained of pain with active hip flexion and passive hip extension. On CT angiography an iliac hematoma was visible on the left side with an arterial component. She underwent an urgent pelvic arterial embolization., Conclusion: Timely recognition and treatment of an iliopsoas hematoma can reduce mortality and morbidity. In elderly patients on anticoagulant therapy or with underlying bleeding disorders, this entity should always be considered in unexplained lumbar or hip pain.

Due to the large increase in relevant data, we can increasingly better estimate medical chances and risks and tailor them to the individual patient. In this article, we discuss why communicating such personalized information is so complicated, and how doctors can best discuss it with their patients.

Aim: Dutch municipalities are looking for ways to promote citizen participation, among which older adults. This paper discusses older adults' experiences regarding favoring and inhibiting factors for lasting and independent citizen participation around the themes of housing, wellbeing and health care., Methods: The participatory research project lasted from April 2014 to March 2016. The organizational structure consisted of a working group, a group of 21 participants (aged 65+) and the research team. Interviews and focus-group discussions were used., Results: The project did not result in lasting and independent citizen participation of older adults, as was intended beforehand. When we examined the experiences of the participants, we found that their participation was favored and inhibited by the factors Can do, Like to, Enabled to, Asked to, and Responded to., Conclusions: In order for citizen participation to be successful, all five identified factors should be met by the stakeholders involved. To achieve this we recommend to fine-tune the mutual expectations of the stakeholders, using the CLEAR model. The empirically grounded knowledge, generated throughout the project, strengthens the existing evidence-base about participation of older adults and helps to shape local participation programs.

Objective: To investigate which valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are available for foot and ankle disorders in the Dutch population, and which of these is the most suitable for uniform use., Design: Systematic review., Method: PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar were systematically searched for relevant articles; subsequently two researchers screened first the title and the abstract, and then the full article within a selection of these articles. Studies that described a validation process for foot- and ankle-PROMs in a Dutch population were included. Data on measurement characteristics and translation procedure were extracted, and methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the COSMIN checklist. ('COSMIN' stands for 'Consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments'.), Results: Two general foot- and ankle-PROMs in the Dutch language were validated: the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measurement (FAAM); two foot-PROMs: the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) and the 5-point Foot Function Index (FFI-5pt) were also validated. There were also two disorder-specific PROMs available in Dutch: the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) for Achilles tendinopathies and the Foot Impact Scale for Rheumatoid Arthritis (FIS-RA) for rheumatoid arthritis patients., Conclusion: The FAOS and the FFI-5pt showed the strongest evidence for having good measurement characteristics. Currently, we regard the FAOS as the most appropriate foot- and ankle-PROM for general foot and ankle problems. Further studies of higher methodological quality are, however, required to draw firmer conclusions.

Background: Larvae of the sheep botfly (Oestrus ovis) normally have sheep or goats as host. In humans the larvae can survive for a short time in the nose or under the eyelids, after which they die or are sneezed out., Case Description: We describe a 47-year-old woman who during a stay in the Cape Verde Islands developed symptoms of sneezing, a swollen face and an itchy feeling in her nose. These symptoms were due to an infestation of three fully-developed larvae of the O. ovis species in her sinus maxillaries which were later evacuated by endoscopy., Conclusion: In exceptional cases larvae of the O. ovis species can fully mature in a healthy person after a visit to an endemic area. Development into the mature stage has only been described in patients with a poor mucosal immune response.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Its primary treatment consists of lifestyle changes. In severely obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2 or ≥ 35 kg/m2 with comorbidity) patients though, bariatric surgery has been found to be the only way to achieve permanent weight loss. Operations such as the placement of a gastric band or a gastric bypass can, however, lead to complications and necessitate secondary interventions. In search of less invasive treatments, placement of the EndoBarrier duodenal jejunal bypass liner appears to be a promising, safe and effective method for facilitating weight loss. The EndoBarrier is a plastic flexible tube which is gastroscopically placed in the duodenal bulb, directly behind the pylorus. It extends from the duodenum to the proximal jejunum. Recent studies have demonstrated significant weight reduction in comparison to control-diet patients. Concomitant positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes type 2 were observed. A multicentre trial is currently being executed in order to unravel the mechanism behind these effects.

Three patients presented with an intoxication caused by Aconitum napellus, commonly known as Aconite, Monkshood or Wolfsbane. The first patient, a woman aged 24, was resuscitated after accidental ingestion of plant material 'from nature'. She experienced severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias. After discharge she returned with identical symptoms, which were now interpreted as intentional intoxication in a suicide attempt. She was referred to the Psychiatry department. The second patient was a 2-year-old boy who had cutaneous exposure to Aconite. Except for some red spots around his mouth there were no other symptoms. The third patient was a 34-year-old woman who ate Monkshood, which she mistook for parsley. Alarmed by the bitter taste she contacted the hospital. She was treated with stomach lavage which removed most of the ingested plant material, and with activated charcoal. She had no symptoms during observation in the hospital. Aconite alkaloids are known to cause ventricular arrhythmia by a prolonged activation of sodium channels. Because there is no antidote, treatment is largely supportive but serious arrhythmias and respiratory arrest need to be anticipated.

Following the detection in Northern Ireland of bluetongue serotype-8 (BTV-8) PCR-positive calves born from PCR-negative but seropositive heifers imported from the Netherlands, an investigation was started to determine whether PCR-positive calves were born in the first quarter of 2008 in the Netherlands. Blood samples were collected on 43 dairy farms from 388 cow-calf combinations. All calves were at least 10-days-old and had been born after 1 January 2008. In total, 229 cows had had a BTV-8 infection, and from these cows 37 PCR-positive calves were born (16.2%). If these calves are viraemic, they can contribute to BTV-8 overwintering in North-West Europe.