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Health status of those affected by the firework disaster in Enschede, four years later.Among the group of affected residents with severe damage to their homes, recovery from health problems did not continue in the period from 18 months to four years after the disaster. The current health problems are of a chronic nature. Affected rescue workers four years after the disaster did not unambiguously report more health or work-related problems than unaffected rescue workers.The presence of chronic health problems in particular groups of affected residents is of importance to the health care providers in Enschede. They can direct their follow-up care toward these specific groups.Native Dutch residents with severe damage to their homes reported health problems 1.5 to 2 times more often than unaffected native Dutch residents of Tilburg. Native Dutch residents without severely damaged homes had scarcely more health problems than the native Dutch in Tilburg. Affected (first- and second-generation) immigrant residents, independent of whether their homes sustained serious damage, reported 1.5 to 3 times more health problems than the unaffected immigrants in Tilburg. Among 80-90% of all affected residents with health problems, the complaints appeared to be chronic: residents had reported the same health problems in earlier surveys.While some groups of affected residents still reported work-related problems four years after the disaster, residents of Enschede were not more likely to be receiving disability benefits than the unaffected residents of Tilburg.Among affected residents with psychological symptoms, 70-83% have had contact with mental health care professionals at some point in the past four years; a minority (25-40%) has ongoing contact.