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Clerical discipline against reformed clergymen during the period 1650 to 1750 was studied for the Mayory of 's-Hertogenbosch in Dutch Brabant. It appears that the number of clerical disciplinary cases between 1650 and 1700 was significantly larger than that from 1701 to 1750. This agrees with earlier reported observations of church discipline of parishioners. The decrease of the number of disciplinary cases is partly attributed to the increased civilization of the clergymen as a result of the censure. This can be seen as a confirmation of Norbert Elias' theory on the civilizing process. The main complaints against ministers concerned drunkenness, violence and slander. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ronald Commers has argued that at the end of the 17th, beginning of the 18th century imaginaries began to develop in which man became portrayed as individualistic and greedy and hence as fundamentally scared. Modern man became increasingly seen as driven by appetites and a corresponding psychological framework was developed. In this article I will follow through this line of analysis and relate this to how for contemporary post-Fordistic man subjectivity and social relations have become commodities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the news coverage of female politicians in Flanders (Belgium). We investigate whether the deficiency of media attention for female politicians is due to structural factors or whether the news media themselves create a gender bias. For this purpose, we examine eleven possible explanations for the gender bias. On one hand the characteristics of the politicians, such as their function, can influence their news exposure and on the other hand the features of the news media, such as the broadcasting station, can be of importance. Overall, our evidence suggests that mainly the function determines the news exposure of female politicians and not their gender. Nevertheless, female politicians still get less speaking time, even when controlling for all other variables. We can conclude that a real gender bias exists in the Flemish television news: journalists and editors give significantly less attention to female politicians compared to their male colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a 16th century portrait painting, which has been identified as Jan van Touraine, son of the French king Charles VI and Filips de Stoute, son of the French king John II. Photographic images are presented of the painting and portraits it was based off of that are part of the collection of the Musée des beaux arts in Lille, France and located at Versailles in France. Some of these portraits were painted by the Flemish painter Jan van Eyck and the so-called Meester van Flemalle.

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The article, part of a special section on portrayals of Dutch history on television in the Netherlands, discusses two Dutch television history series, "Verleden van Nederland" (made by Ad van Liempt) and "Nederland in twaalf moorden" (made by Jan Blokker, Jan Blokker Jr., and Bas Blokker), both broadcast in 2008. The form and content of both series are discussed, as are the limitations of "audiovisual historiography," which is seen as capable of conveying only a limited amount of historical information.

Copyright of Pallium is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Do not silence my Bladder. Practices, knowledge and behaviour of peeing women. In many cities, there are considerably fewer toilet facilities for women than for men. While some cities invest in new high-tech urinals, the scarce facilities for women have limited opening hours and are often "hidden" (e.g. underground parking lot). This systematic negligence for the need for sanitary equipment for women is also reflected during some public happenings. This study is based on data collected during the Festival of Ghent 2005, where women are often queuing to use the relatively few mobile toilets. On top of that they have to spend up to 50 euro cent per visit. This is in sharp contrast to the abundant free urinals for men. To prove the point that women also are entitled to free pee facilities, a free lady-urinal was opened, with an average of 200 visitors a day and very positive feedback as a result. The result of a questionnaire on the subject answered by 414 women, is presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the authors' comments on the articles by Pauline Meurs, Harry B.G. Ganzeboom and J. Dronkers, which were published in the journal. The articles commented on the future of sociology and the social relevance of the study of sociology. According to the authors, sociology is a coherent and recognizable profession that has substantial social impact. They conclude that society has an urgent need for sociology as a profession.

The academic position of Sociology is seriously threatened by the steady decline of student enrollment. Although we concentrate on Dutch Sociology, we think this problem is of world-wide significance. We suggest an explanation for this lack of attractiveness that takes the incompleteness of the discipline's professional identity as the main cause. Sociology never succeeded in defining and securing a professional role for its practitioners outside academia. This unfortunate fact is sustained by three routinely invoked principles that seem self-evident to most sociologists, but that are nevertheless exceptional among the social sciences: (1) Value-freedom (the discipline does not aim at providing a normative basis for practical advice); (2) Scientism (an approach towards knowledge production and diffusion that is heavily oriented to the natural sciences and neglects the relevance of cumulated practical practical experiences); (3) Unboundedness (the idea that Sociology can build its identity on a specific approach, or a specific method, instead of a clearly demarked domain). We argue that Sociology, in order to establish a complete professional identity, should choose the 'primary social order' as its proper subject and direct its efforts towards the enhancement of social welfare. A route of ten practical steps towards professionalisation is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]