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The objective of this study was to determine whether an adventure experiental learning programme had an effect on the self-perception as an emotional component of youth, as well as the sustainability of the proposed change. Twenty-eight youths (18 males and 10 females) aged 17-19 years old participated in the study and were tested on three occasions, namely on arrival at the Adventure School, directly after the intervention programme and five weeks there after to determine the sustainability of the adventure experiential learning programme. The effect on self-perception was determined by means of two tests, the Self-perception Scale (SPS) and the Comprehensive Functioning Inventory: Post matric (CFI-post). Data analysis was performed using PASWIN 2000. The SAS System for Windows Release was used to indicate the differences between variables. Practical significance was established by means of effect size. All the different dimensions improved after the post test with a slight difference between the post test and the retention test. The study showed that the adventure experiential learning programme had a medium effect (d=0.59) on the self-perception of participants with an average sustainability of the proposed change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effect of sport psychological intervention techniques on the performance of 1 500 m track athletes. Six participants took part in a single-subject multiple baseline across individuals design, which was used to evaluate an intervention package which included relaxation, self-talk, goal setting, imagery and concentration skills. Performance scores were plotted for each run and subjects' graphs were assessed for intervention-related change against mean performance change and established split-middle analysis criteria. Visual inspection of plotted values was supplemented by quantitive analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance (RANOVA). The results indicated the mental skills package to be effective in enhancing athletic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural conservatism manifests itself in the opposition to freedom of opinion, the opposition to interventions in life and death (abortion, euthanasia and suicide) and in traditional attitudes on the roles of men and women. Cultural conservatives reject individual freedom and emphasize equality in the sense of conformity with traditional norms and values. The specific differences in cultural conservatism between generations and between denominations are described. Also the question is answered whether the differences between the generations vary within the denominations and whether the differences between the denominations vary within the generations. Finally it is briefly discussed to what extent the decline of cultural conservatism in the eighties is attributable to the changing spirit of the times (period-effect) or to structural changes in the Dutch population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]