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There is insufficient knowledge on intermediate-term survival of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) after open (ORC) versus robot-assisted (RARC) cystectomy, with or without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This retrospective study was performed in 19 Dutch hospitals between 2012 and 2015 to assess the five-year survival after both interventions and the influence of NAC. Out of 1,534 cT1-4N0-1-patients, 1,086 patients were treated with ORC and 389 with RARC. The 5‑year survival rate after ORC was 51% (95% CI 47–53) versus 58% after RARC (95% CI 52–63), hazard ratio 1.00 (95% CI 0.84–1.20) after multivariable analysis. 226 of 965 cT2-4aN0 patients were treated with NAC. More patients had ypT0 after NAC than after no NAC (31% vs 15%; p < 0.01). The best five-year survival was in patients with ypT0 after NAC (89%; 95% CI 81–97). This study shows similar five-year survival of MIBC patients treated with ORC or RARC and shows that the best survival was after NAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

177Lu-PSMA is a new, promising treatment option in patients with metastatic castration-resistent prostate carcinoma (mCRPC). The radioactive-labeled medication is given intravenously in 1–6 cycles, in which the β‑radiation causes damage to the cellular DNA and eventually cell death of prostate cancer cells that express PSMA. In mostly retrospective studies, a decrease is seen in the serum-PSA level of ≥ 50% in 40–60% of patients that have been previously extensively treated. A survival benefit is observed, but mostly within non-randomized studies. The toxicity of treatment is relatively mild with grade I–II CTCAE xerostomia in 30–50% of patients and a passing grade III–IV CTCAE hematologic toxicity (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia) in 0–15%. The medication is under study in multiple prospective studies in patients with mCRPC and in one randomized clinical trial. The use of 177Lu-PSMA in patients with earlier phases of disease is explored. Until proven of benefit in RCTs, 177Lu-PSMA therapy remains experimental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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