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The introductory part provides a relatively detailed description of andosols. It describes their classification according to WRB (2006) and under Slovak classification system (2000). Czech classification of andosol is not defined, because occurrence of these soils in Czech area was not confirmed. It is characterized andosol parent material, chemical and physical properties. There is also a chapter on extending andosol in the world and a summary of factors that influence the pedogenesis of these soils. The following section summarizes the research of volcanic and tectonic evolution of Eger Rift, which is linked to young volcanism in the country. The summary contains also a geological and geomorphological characteristics of the main young volcanic area the Czech Republic (České středohoří, Doupovské hory). To these characteristics I added another summary of Velký Roudný, because these area is by Czech soil scientists appropriate for the occurrence of andosol. We also conducted at the Velký Roudný own legwork. Literature contains a chapter devoted to current knowledge about andosol in the Czech and Slovak Republic. Describe the results of works of authors who have dealt with the issue andosol. The Czech experts that were mostly Holusa O. (2003) and Novák et al. (2010), the Slovak Balkovič (2002) and...