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The aim of this diploma thesis is to observe and describe the use of the trial-and-error strategy in two didactic environments from the Hejné method among pupils in the second and third year of primary school, who are educated using the usual method of teaching mathematics. The theoretical part deals with the definition of heuristic strategies, their classification and a closer description of some selected heuristic strategies. The key chapter is devoted to the description of the trial-and-error strategy and its inclusion among the solving strategies. It also deals with the problematic attitude of teachers and the wider public towards this strategy. At the end of the chapter, the advantages of its use in solving mathematical problems are included. The next chapters deal with work with mistakes, the child's experiment not only in teaching, and thus follow on from chapter 1.3. Chapter 1.7 describes Hejné's method of teaching mathematics and the didactic environments with which this method works and which are important for the practical part. At the end of the theoretical part, I define the distribution of the curriculum in the second and third years, which influence the students' approaches to solving. In the practical part, the research methods of unstructured observation and the method of verbal...