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Vestibular schwannoma is a posterior cranial fossa tumour, which is usually manifested by unilateral perceptual hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, facial tingling, etc. Therapy of vestibular schwannoma is chosen according to the size of tumour, its location and growth rate. Therapeutic procedures include microsurgical treatment and/or stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy. Unilateral hearing loss occurs postoperatively, but bulbar syndrome may also develop through perioperative functional impairment of the peripheral nerves near the tumour site. The paper presents the role of a Clinical Speech Therapist in the diagnosis and therapy in a patient after vestibular schwannoma surgery with the development of bulbar symptoms.

Inner ear malformation comprises a broad group of disorders, the main symptom of which is hearing loss. The disorder occurs during the embryonic development of the auditory system. Only about 20 % of malformations can be diagnosed radiologically. Hearing impairment is sensorineural and can be of a mild degree, e.g. in the case of an enlarged vestibular aqueduct. However, more often, severe hearing loss is found. Hearing correction depends on the severity of the child's hearing impairment. Cochlear implantation in children with congenital profound hearing loss is optimal at the age of 12 to 24 months.

The rapid evolution of Internet use has led to the collection of big data about users, which has raised users’ privacy concerns about their personal information. This study adopts the hypothesis to evaluate the perception of the information sensitivity of Internet users in Saudi Arabia as research subjects. This study analyzes the sensitivity of 35 types of information through a questionnaire with answers from 508 participants from Saudi Arabia and estimates the cultural influence by comparing Saudi results with users from the USA, Brazil and Germany. Demographic information, such as age, gender, marital status and education, and attitude characteristics, such as disposition to privacy, propensity to take risks, privacy violation experience and trust in institutions, influence Saudi individuals’ perception of sensitivity towards various types of information. The survey results show slight differences in the sensitivity levels between Internet users in Saudi Arabia and their counterparts in other nations. Ultimately, this study contributes to improving the international model of information sensitivity perception between different nations.

In Europe, warming, droughts and the rise of extreme climate events have an increasing significant negative effect on forest stands. Therefore, it is necessary to create appropriate adaptation strategies of silviculture to mitigate the impacts of global climate change on forest ecosystems in Central Europe. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate stand production, structure and diversity on eight experimental research plots in the Krkonoše Mountains. Subsequently, three variants of management were compared in mixed stands at the age of 17 – 20 years originating from natural regeneration: A) control variant (stands before thinning), B) applied newly designed thinning in the context of climate change adaptation and C) simulative thinning from below. Number of trees decreased from 3,256 trees ha−1 by 32% after adaptation thinning and by 36% after thinning from below. The basal area decreased in variant B by 22% and in variant C by 12%. Structural diversity and tree species richness increased after application of adaptation thinning, while decrease of diameter differentiation and total diversity was observed after thinning from below. Moreover, horizontal structure changed from aggregated spatial pattern to random distribution after the interventions, especially under adaptation thinning. The newly designed structuralizing adaptation thinning method seems to be a more suitable option in given habitat and stand conditions compared to the commonly performed thinning from below. In future, this issue will certainly require further close cooperation of forestry experts in order to arrive at optimal variants of solutions differentiated according to specific conditions.

Circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) regulates daily rhythms in behavior and physiology and is an important part of the mechanisms regulating mammalian homeostasis. SCN are synchronized with a 24hour cycle mainly by light, but they can also be regulated by a variety of nonphotic signals, such as growth factors, opioids, cytokines, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which act by inducing the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. STAT family proteins (i.e. signal transducers and activator of transcription) regulate many aspects of cellular physiology, from growth and differentiation to immune response. However, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway has not yet been studied in the SCN and the function of STAT proteins in the SCN has not yet been clarified. In the first part of the thesis, we focused on localization of STAT3 and STAT5 proteins in the rat SCN and determination of rhythm in proteins and mRNA. Our experiments showed the daily rhythm in the levels of STAT3 protein in SCN astrocytes of rat with low but significant amplitude and with maximum in the morning. In addition, we revealed strong but nonrhythmic expression of STAT5A protein in astrocytes and STAT5B protein in nonastrocytic cells of SCN. It was also found that Stat3 mRNA show, similarly to protein, circadian rhythm in...

The diploma thesis is focused on finding the motivational structure for physical aktivity of a specific group of children from a selected private primary school. These students are attending first through ninth grade, therefore attending both lower primary and upper primary school. Based on their classes, they have been divided into three examined groups. The first group consists of pupils of younger school age, pupils of the first through third grade, the second group consists of pupils of middle school age, which includes pupils of the fourth to sixth grade and the last third group consists of pupils of older school age, which corresponds age of pupils in the seventh to ninth year of compulsory school attendance. Due to my pedagogical work as a teacher at this school, the pupils were deliberately chosen from the Private Primary School and Kindergarten Viva Bambini s.r.o. based in České Budějovice. This school teaches according to the principles of an Italian doctor, anthropologist, and pedagogue Maria Montessori. The aim of the diploma thesis is, by processing statistical data from a questionnaire survey submitted to both school students and their legal guardians (parents), to determine the motivational factors that lead them to physical activity. From their answers, I find out what influence...

Identification of transcription factors involved in a complex network regulating the development of neurosensory cells in the inner ear is a key point for understanding the pathophysiology of hearing loss, development of new therapeutic tools, and for hearing loss prevention. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the function of the transcription factor NEUROD1 in the development of the inner ear and sensory neurons. Using the Cre-loxP recombination system, a unique mouse model was created with tissue-specific deletion of Neurod1 in NEUROD1-Cre positive cells (Neurod1ST). In the inner ear, Neurod1 was deleted only in neurons permitting to identify the secondary effects of Neurod1 elimination in neurons on sensory cell development. We showed that neither the early development of the inner ear nor the formation of the statoacoustic ganglia was significantly affected by Neurod1 deletion. The primary consequence of the deletion was manifested by increased neuronal death due to apoptosis, which resulted in a reduced number of differentiated neurons in the inner ear. Spiral and vestibular ganglia were smaller in the mutants, and there was a number of neurons misplaced, indicating impaired migration. The cochlear sensory epithelium was shortened probably due to the reduced number of neurons within the...

Ongoing climate change and its manifestations have a significant impact on agricultural crops, which are exposed to a wide range of abiotic (drought, high or low temperature, elevated UV radiation) and biotic (pathogens, pests) stress factors that can dangerously affect their growth and yield. One of the very important phenomena of climate change is the increasing concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Manifestations of climate change, such as high temperature and drought, interact together with increased CO2 concentration, and these interactions can have serious effects on vegetation. This diploma thesis examines the effect of climate change factors and stress factors on the content of pigments with the importance of plant protection against stress, namely photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins in barley leaves. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether and what are the differences in the response to these factors in two varieties of barley, differ in their resistance to photooxidative stress. The plants were grown in pots in growth chambers under controlled conditions and in flower beds in adjustable greenhouses with open roofs in the experimental station of plant ecophysiology Domanínek of the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences in...

Fungi are an essential part of life on Earth. Besides their main role in decomposition of organic matter, they belong among key symbiotic organisms and they take part in providing a range of ecosystem processes important for humankind such as primary production and with that related food availability or soil water regulation. For the study of fungal distribution, we often use a method called DNA metabarcoding which combines the use of specific molecular markers, most commonly universal fungal ITS, and high-throughput sequencing. The importance of the method has been rising in the current time of changing environment and it has helped us observe changes in fungal communities due to global change. It seems that primarily various climatic factors such as warming, changes in rainfall patterns and nitrogen deposition have strongly influenced community and fungal guilds composition. Consequently, these changes may potentially have an impact on ecosystem functioning so that their overall balance can be in threat. Key words: molecular markers, DNA metabarcoding, fungal community, warming, climate change, nitrogen deposition

This bachelor thesis aims to describe the specifics of inclusive education of the elementary school, who was diagnosed with light mental disability. It is the work of theoretical-empirical. The theoretical part characterizes mental disability. It also describes inclusive education and support measures that provide pupils with light mental disabilities. The practical part is processed by the case study method. The aim of the research was to present possible positives and negatives to intergrate the pupil into the common educational stream. The results of this research showed the need to create a suitable stimulating environment for the pupil not only at school but also at home. The education herself should take place in a smaller place in a smaller collective together with intact pupils under the guidance of an experienced pedagogical worker. Furthermore, it is evident from the research that the education of the pupil in the main curriculum is enriching, since mutual interaction has the impact on all participating - so they have the opportunity to learn each other. The pupil with light mental disability has a greater assumption to prepare for life in a real environment in a common educational stream. The data presented in case studies demonstrate that the inclusive education of the pupil with light...

The high rate of deforestation is a global problem with negative impacts on species biodiversity and it also contributes to global and local climate changes. This problem is much more urgent in hotspots of biodiversity and endemism like west African mountains. Moreover, these locations are now recognized as the most fragmented and the most deforested mountains on the African continent. Impacts on local organisms is mostly negative. The organisms are facing habitat loss and the inability to migrate between the isolated regions. The bond between associated animals and plants, that are life depend on each other, is being broken and the whole ecosystem is being changed. In general, the ecosystem is less stable and all these changes make deforestation a chain reaction. Although there are some positive impacts on the biodiversity too, it does not influence the endemic species. It has more positive consequences for the generalist species occupying wide range of habitats and utilizing various food resources. Local communities are also facing the impacts of the ecosystem changes, their lives are negatively influenced by longer and more intensive periods of drought, landslides and they are not able to rely on the supply of the forest products. To be able to change current situation, financial support and...

The diploma thesis deals with a comparison of the level of physical abilities of younger pupil, spocifically pupils of an elementary school after the pandemic cause by the coronavirus Covid-19. The elementary schools not only in the Czech Republic were closed overnight and all sport activities of pupils were stopped. The pupils will be put to the available Unifit test and their results will be compared to the results of the physical activites of pupils before the coronavirus pandemic. The theoretical part deals maily with the lack of the physical activities of children who still physically develop and grow and for whom is physical aktivity very important not only for their health, but also their mental well-being. Movement is very natural for pupils of younger school-age. Pupils were forced to sit in front of computers, where the distance learning, which was very difficult, took place - it also took place in the afternoon, when they were doing their homework. This difficult part of the day was compensated with some kind of movement very rarely. In the practical part, I focused on testing pupils with the Unifit test and comparing the results from available data in relation to the population. The results will be supplemented by a queationnare survey, which was filled in by the parents. KEYWORDS...

Obesity, a chronic disease characterized by the deposition of excessive amounts of fat in the body, is the cause of the development of many other comorbidities. In recent years, this disease appears in ever younger people. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the development of obesity. The link between these two factors could be epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic changes are changes in a person's phenotype without changing their genotype. These changes, which include DNA methylation and histone modification, thus affect gene expression and function, without altering the DNA sequence. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to search out which epigenetic changes are associated with obesity and what genes are affected in this way. I focused on the changes that obesity causes, but also on the changes that cause obesity. I also tried to find information about whether these genome modifications are hereditary and how many generations are possibly affected by them. From the available information, it is clear that there are a lot of epigenetic modifications that are somehow associated with obesity. For example, the changes in proopiomelanocortin, tapsin or insulin like growth factor 2 genes have been detected. Some modifications are associated with paternal obesity (e.g. the...

Due to demographic changes in Europe there is an increasing number of dependent elderly people in need of care. This has serious effects on the labour market and migration in the EU as well...

Extraocular muscles have the structure of striated muscle with a very fine innervation. In addition to the obvious function of moving eyeballs to ensure binocular vision, they have an irreplaceable role in the field of proprioception, in maintaining balance and posture. In physiotherapy, we use the eye movement to facilitate/for inhibition of various muscle groups or even whole muscle chains. Extraocular muscles themselves and their condition generally eludes our interest, although even there we find the first signs: the study of the relationship of trigger points and cephalea. The theoretical part of this thesis provides comprehensive information on the anatomy and function of the eye muscles. It also deals with selected pathologies that primarily relate to other structures of the human body, but whose manifestations can also be observed on the function and activity of extraocular muscles. A separate chapter is the relationship of extraocular muscles, field of vision and stability. The practical part of the theses is designed as a pivot study. Its aim is to determine whether we are able to affect the condition of extraocular muscles by manual physiotherapeutic interventions and how is our proposed therapy perceived by probands themselves. For objectivization of any changes, the peripheral vision...

The thesis is dedicated to changing the self-concept of parents who have adopted a child. The aim of the thesis is to explore how parents who have adopted a child perceive and evaluate changes in their self-concept. How these changes are perceived by mothers and fathers. How the perception of self-concept changed throughout adoption decisions, adoption processes, and adaptation to parenthood. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with parenting, substitute family care and the adoption process. It also describes the identity, role and self-concept of the parent, then the adaptation and the specifics of adoptive parenting. The practical part represents qualitative research that is done through semi-structured interviews with parents who have adopted a child. The results of the research resulting from the data analysis are interpreted and compared with specialist literature. Self-perception changed due to the burden that respondents had to cope with, from coping with childlessness to adaptation and becoming the parent of an adopted child. Perceived changes in the self-concept of fathers and mothers are somewhat different, but they basically result from different positions in the family and their role. Keywords: parenting, adoption, self-concept, substitute family care

The topic I deal with in this thesis is the change in the life of parents after birth. Part of this work is qualitative research. Here I deal with various aspects of life, such as partner life, the division of domestic work, work and finance or leisure activities or social life of new parents, and how they changed or decreased after the birth of a child. In my work, I try to focus on the difference between how men and women perceive this change, even in comparison with gender stereotypes, which are closely related to family organization. In addition, I also try to highlight the topics and changes that the families consider the most important, or areas that, in their opinion, have changed the most. In addition to the restructuring of the family, the respondents mentioned changes such as restrictions on leisure activities, social life (change of friends, etc.) or even a change and adaptation of intimate life. I discuss these and other changes in the work in more detail. Within this work, ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with five respondent families, separately with the father and separately with the mother. Based on an analysis of the semistructured interviews, using coding and previous theoretical preparation, categories were created, which were then interpreted and discussed. The...

The aim of my bachelor's thesis is to monitor the diet of the Long-eared owl (Asio otus) in wintering grounds in selected localities in the Central Bohemian Region in the vicinity of the Kladno district. These are two localities that have been monitored before, so I continue on previous work with the same focus. The main focus is the collection, analysis of discards and its methodology. I also deal with the change of food of the eared owl during a certain period with a focus on the winter phase in connection with the temperature and the total precipitation in the given localities. The work also deals with the comparison of the results of monitoring the composition of the diet of the Long-eared owl in the same and other localities from previous research.

This Master's thesis aims to introduce attention-improving games in primary schooling and record its effect on pupils. The theoretical part considers the definition of attention of primary school pupils. The empirical part analyzes the results of group exercises in early primary school age. It covers 24 pupils over 4 months. They are split into two groups to better monitor the performances in detail. The observations were done by the class teacher and her assistant. The research was conducted in a primary school in Prague 5 district. The data collection process involved observations and teacher's research notes. The measurements were conducted at the beginning and at the end of the observation period to statistically determine the effect of training. The thesis explores the means for a teacher to improve pupils' attention with a structured training and exercises. The results suggest that attention of pupils can be improved with specific training methods.

The diploma thesis deals with intervention approaches used in the educational system of foreigners and pupils of younger school age with a different mother tongue. It focuses on the position of pupils with a different mother tongue in the Czech educational system and their schooling. It also refers to the concept of migration and presents the current legislation applied in the education of pupils with a different mother tongue. The thesis introduces the organizations that provide support to children with a different mother tongue during their primary school studies. It also mentions support, supporting measures, intervention approaches and strategies for an inclusive approach. The diploma thesis describes through interviews, examples of inspiring practice and case studies the intervention approaches to primary school pupils with a different mother tongue. KEYWORDS Pupil with different mother tongue, pupil foreigner, inclusion, migration, intervention, support measures.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to measure the physical fitness of pupils from selected elementary school in Hradec Králové. From the obtained results iw was determined whether age has an effect on pupils'performance. Futhermore, the results were compared and on the basis of statistical analysis of the data a comparison of performances of 6th and 9th grade pupils and also comparison of boys and girls. The theoretical part focuses on the topics of a healthy lifestyle, physical activity, physical fitness, physical abilities, physiological and psychological specifics in older school children. The empiric part deals with statistical data processing and their evaluation based on the results in selected physical tests from the test battery called EUROFITTEST. Based on the results and their comparison, I came to the conclusion that in six of the total eight exercises, older pupils achieve statistically significant differences compared to younger pupils. When comparing the average results of 6th and 9th grade pupils, I found that in seven out of eight tests, 9th grade pupils achieve better results than 6th grade pupils. In the end, I found that the boys performed better on average in five tests out of eight. Girls achieve better results on average in one test out of eight. There are no differences in...

Theoretical part of the thesis summarizes state of art in the field of interaction of sound stimuli with the vestibular system and balance control. Further it summarizes the effect of cochlear implantation on the peripheral vestibular structures and on the stance stability. Cochlear implantation is effective way of hearing rehabilitation. Nevertheless surgery in the region of the inner ear results in reduction of function of the peripheral vestibular structures on the implanted side. The functional deficit of the peripheral vestibular system induced by the surgery is well tolerated by patients and quickly spontaneously subside. Sound available to the patients after implantation is one of the important modalities needed for balance control. In patients with balance deficit was found higher reliance on hearing when maintaining stable stance. Some sounds can reduce postural sway. Namely listening to the broadband noise (such as white and pink) results in reduction of postural sway. The balance control also relies on the ability to localize sound source. Information about position of sound source can be utilized as point of reference for driving balance reactions. Experimental part of the thesis quantifies changes in stance stability in patients with cochlear implants using stabilometry. The...

In this thesis we provide a systematic study of optical and magneto-optical properties of thin NiMnGa films - alloys exhibiting magnetic shape memory effect. These layers were prepared by magnetron sputtering. A series of samples with different deposition temperatures, different thicknesses, different stoichiometries and different substrates were measured. The analysis of the obtained results clearly demonstrated the influence of change in strain, which is induced by the substrate, with varying thickness. Also the influence of stoichiometry on the amplitude of the magneto-optical Kerr effect and the influence of the base layer on the structure of the Ni-Mn-Ga layer were demonstrated. 1

The topic of parental mediation, that is how parents mediate the media to their children, recedes into the background. At the same time, parents are the ones who are key figures in children's development and children's guides in the media world. The aim of this work is to focus on parents and how they use the media in education and what are the motives and strategies of their parental mediation. During the preparation of this study, the social situation changed significantly due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. With it came a number of changes in families, including in the area of media use. Based on this social change, I decided to incorporate this factor into my study and find out whether this situation brought any changes in the level of parental mediation, or what. Based on semi-structured interviews that I conducted with parents from eight families of children aged 4-10, I find out how parents use the media in their upbringing, what leads them to do so, what rules they set in the family and what are the ways of controlling and regulation use children's media. An important part is the reflection of possible changes in parental mediation in connection with the pandemic.

The theoretical part of the thesis deals with definition of classification of mental disabilities, education of pupils with mental disabilities and motivation for education for pupils with mental disabilities. The practical part examines, through semi-structured interview, observation and questionnaire, importance of motivation of pupils with mental disabilities, if there are differences between motivated and not motivated pupils. Which motivational elements are functional and whether pupils with mental disabilities have a need to achieve success and avoid failure. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, education, motivation, performance motivation, pupils with mental disabilities.

This diploma thesis deals with the school climate in the context of pupils with different mother tongues and the process of integrating pupils with different mother tongues into the school. The practical research examines a specific Prague primary school, which is attended by a large number of pupils with different mother tongues, and the school has therefore long-term been involved in the integration and education of pupils with different mother tongues. The aim of the thesis is to describe the process of integration and to monitor the support in education and adaptation of pupils with different mother tongues. The aim of the thesis is to find out what help is beneficial for these pupils and also to find out what is the view of teachers, parents and pupils of a specific school on the presence of pupils with different mother tongues in the school. The empirical part of the work uses methods of quantitative and qualitative research. The research was conducted using the interview method with the coordinator of pupils with different mother tongues and selected pupils with different mother tongues. A questionnaire survey was conducted among teachers, pupils and parents at the school. The questionnaire was distributed to parents in Czech, Chinese and Vietnamese. Based on the research results, specific...

The bachelor's thesis deals with the subject of perception of emotions in music in the deaf. It aims to describe basic possibilities to perceive music by the deaf, with the focus on the perception of musical emotions specifically. Part of the thesis is formed by a research that would allow determining differences in perceiving emotions in music in the deaf since birth, people who lost hearing at a later age and the hearing, based on the sound waves vibration only. The research is designed as a mixed-method research. The methods employed are an quasi-experiment in the quantitative part and semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part. The thesis primarily builds on the current international research on the topic of perception of emotions in music in the deaf through vibration and on studies dealing with the general perception of vibrotactile stimuli by the deaf or changes in perception in relation to losing hearing.

Circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) regulates daily rhythms in behavior and physiology and is an important part of the mechanisms regulating mammalian homeostasis. SCN are synchronized with a 24hour cycle mainly by light, but they can also be regulated by a variety of nonphotic signals, such as growth factors, opioids, cytokines, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which act by inducing the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. STAT family proteins (i.e. signal transducers and activator of transcription) regulate many aspects of cellular physiology, from growth and differentiation to immune response. However, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway has not yet been studied in the SCN and the function of STAT proteins in the SCN has not yet been clarified. In the first part of the thesis, we focused on localization of STAT3 and STAT5 proteins in the rat SCN and determination of rhythm in proteins and mRNA. Our experiments showed the daily rhythm in the levels of STAT3 protein in SCN astrocytes of rat with low but significant amplitude and with maximum in the morning. In addition, we revealed strong but nonrhythmic expression of STAT5A protein in astrocytes and STAT5B protein in nonastrocytic cells of SCN. It was also found that Stat3 mRNA show, similarly to protein, circadian rhythm in...

Title: Inclusion of a pupil with cystic fibrosis in physical education Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to point out through case studies the possibilities of inclusion of a pupil with cystic fibrosis in physical education and to investigate the influence of physical applied activities on pupil's physical abilities. Part of the research was also working with a girl in physical education classes. Methods: Due to the uniqueness of the disease, was chosen for this thesis the method of a case study of schoolgirl aged 12 with CF. Methods of data collection included interviews with pupil's mother, teacher and teaching assistant, questionnaires, observations and MABC-2 test set. Results: We found out, that the inclusion of a pupil with CF is possible, but it is necessary to have prepared alternative methods and modification of physical activities in order not to damage the health of the individual. The individual approach to the student in class also proved to be effective. The research shows that physical activities as a part of physical education have a positive effect on some motor skills of a pupil with CF. Keywords: integration, cystic fibrosis, joint education, primary school, physical activities

Floodplain forests are biodiversity-rich ecosystems found in many parts of Central Europe near watercourses and are part-time flooded during the course of the year. Floodplain forests are currently facing changes in environment related to climate change, for example increasing temperature and drought, elevated CO2 levels and excessive flooding. Woody plants respond to these changes by shifting the spring phenological phases, increasingly earlier onset of bud break occurs among different tree. Furthermore, there are various physiological, anatomical and morphological adaptations to these changes, through which plants try to avoid their damage. The plant response to changing environment is influenced by many endogenous factors, such as the degree of tolerance to flooding, the type of wood structure, position of a species on the isohydry-anisohydry scale or plant age, in addition to external factors, to which an extent of stress factor effect and its duration belong. In the future, a further increases in the average temperature, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and above-average flooding are expected, therefore it is important to understand the complex reactions and adaptations of floodplain forest trees to these changes in order to manage effectively these ecosystems.

This diploma thesis is focused on the vestibular system and its influence on postural musculature. The theoretical section contains an overview of modern findings concerning the vestibular system and its impact on other parts of the organism. Besides anatomical and physiological findings, the theoretical section also contains a research section which includes studies on the vestibular system, posture, stretching and their mutual effects. The main focus of the practical section is to prove the influence of the vestibular system on musculature, mainly the extensors and flexors of the lower limbs. Affecting the vestibular system causes lengthening of the ischiocrural muscles and shortening of the hip flexors (musculus rectus femoris). In this study, we tested 39 probands and measured their results after rotational vestibular stimulation. The measurements were taken goniometrically in the hip and knee joints. Dynamic parameters of the spine were also measured, along with Thomayers distance in metric values. The results have been statistically and graphically evaluated. It was proven that the vestibular system has a large statistical impact on the ischiocrural muscles as well as the frontal thigh muscles. An influence of the vestibular system on the paravertebral muscles was however not proven. In the...

This work focuses on the synthesis of thin films and nanoparticles of vanadium and its oxides. Thin films are fabricated by means of magnetron sputtering, while for the prepara- tion of nanoparticles a gas aggregation source is used. Produced thin films and nanopar- ticles are investigated and compared in terms of their morphology, optical properties and chemical structure. We also study the heating of both types of samples. All em- ployed diagnostics methods prove that oxidation of films and nanoparticles at 550 řC changes the samples to crystalline V2O5. Another investigated method of vanadium oxide nanoparticles preparation is based on the addition of oxygen into the deposition chamber. Changes in shape, size, bulk composition and thickness of the deposited layer of nanoparticles are demonstrated in comparison with nanoparticles fabricated in a pure argon atmosphere. On the other hand, the surface composition is similar for both meth- ods of preparation indicating spontaneous oxidation of the surface layer of both materials on ambient air. 1

Aim of this thesis is to theoretically anchor black humor, describe its role and societal functions, present its place in contemporary folklore and describe dichotomy between ordinary and black humor. It does so by presenting various theories of humor and by applying them to black humor. Simultaneously the text works with array of documented examples of verbal and internet humor while it shows mainly jokes falling under black humor. Further, thesis deals with ideas which to some extend overlap with black humor or are semantically subordinate to it. Therefore, thesis introduces concepts like gallows, sick or disaster humor and describes their relation to black humor.

Mesocestoides corti and Taenia crassiceps are tapeworms, larvae of which are characterized by their ability to reproduce asexually. In this work, the effect of infection by M. corti and T. crassiceps in BALB/c, C57BL/6J and ICR mice on the growth and metastasis of B16F10 melanoma tumors was investigated. Although an increase in metastatic activities was observed after intravenous administration of melanoma cells to M. corti-infected mice, both tapeworms showed a strong suppressive effect on the size and number of tumors and metastases formed when the cells were administered intraperitoneally. This, in some cases, led to a complete elimination of tumor cells. In vitro cultivation of B16F10 cells in the presence of larval excretory-secretory products led to a decrease in their viability but an increase in their migration ability. Flow cytometry proved that M. corti infection has an effect on the increased number and proportion of macrophage populations in the peritoneum of ICR mice. Our work confirmed the anti-tumor effect of T. crassiceps infection in mice and introduced M. corti as a new helminth species capable of influencing cancer. Key words: helminths, cestodes, cancers, Mesocestoides corti, Taenia crassiceps

The topic of the thesis is people with hearing impairment implanted in their adulthood and rehabilitation after cochlear implantation. The thesis is divided into four chapters, the first three chapters are concerning the theory and the fourth chapter is empirical. The first chapter highlights the problem of a person with hearing impairment. The next chapter discusses about cochlear implant as adaptive technology, who is a suitable candidate for cochlear implant and what possibilities has future user. The third chapter is devoted to the area after cochlear implantation, including rehabilitation and other services for adults with cochlear implant. The empirical chapter of thesis presents a qualitative design of the research focused on rehabilitation after cochlear implantation in adults with hearing impairment. The research was realized in adult's users of cochlear implant and then supplemented by a questionnaire survey among experts in their field. The main objective of this work was mapped to that extent is realized rehabilitation in adults before and after cochlear implantation. KEY WORDS Person with hearing impairment Cochlear implant in adulthood Cochlear implantation Rehabilitation after cochlear implantation Quality of life

This diploma thesis deals with the problems of diseases of civilization. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part explains what are diseases of civilization, how they arise and how they can be prevented. For each disease (coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer) the thesis describes in more detail how and why they arise, what are the risk factors, what preventive measures exist and how to treat the disease. In the practical part, the thesis is devoted to the research of pupils' knowledge in the field of diseases of civilization of selected schools. Using a questionnaire, we dermined the knowledge of the pupils of two secondary schools and found the variance in their knowledge. Furthermore, this knowledge of pupils was compared with their knowledge two years ago when a similar questionnaire was completed in the same schools. The purpose of this thesis was to find out how the knowledge of identical pupils of these two schools changed after two years. The final discussion shows how the knowledge of pupils has changed after two years. It was found that pupils' knowledge improved overall. Cancer, diabetes and obesity knowledge have all improved. There was a slight deterioration in the question concern the number of patients. There was no change in the...

The diploma thesis on the topic of Integration of pupils with different mother tongues in the environment of selected Czech schools consists of a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part the basic terminology and issues related to pupils with different mother tongues is defined on the basis of a literature search. In the first part of the work I deal with migration as a phenomenon and also with the development of migration in the territory of the Czech Republic. In the second part of the work I deal with individual models of intercultural coexistence of different cultures in the territory of one state, adaptation, cultural identity, intercultural communication and possible barriers which disrupt mutual understanding. The third part is focused on pupils with different mother tongues and bilingual pupils, their specifics and education, mother tongues, communication and involvement of pupils with different mother tongue in education. In the practical part of the diploma thesis I deal with the inclusion of pupils with different mother tongue at selected primary schools. I chose the type of qualitative survey and used the method of semi-structured interview and observation. Using an interview method with selected pupils with different mother tongues, their class teachers and...

This bachelor's thesis is a review summarizing the effects of heat stress on the reproductive development of flowering plants and their tolerance mechanisms. Plants are continuously exposed to changing environmental conditions and ever-increasing temperatures. Reproduction, especially the development of the male gametophyte, is particularly sensitive to these changes. This leads to defective development, sterile pollen, and fewer seeds, which affects crop productivity and yield. Therefore, it is essential to understand these changes, and especially the tolerance mechanisms. Keywords: reproduction, flowering plants, heat stress, tolerance, male gametophyte, female gametophyte

Diploma thesis is focused on pupils' coordination abilities on primary grade of elementary school. The main goal is comparison of pupils' levels in coordination skills, who attend dancing lessons in elementary art school and pupils who do not. It leads to be found out how dance and movement education influence coordination skills. The research part consists of motor tests, which find out levels of rhythmics, reacts, balances, orientations, associations and rebuilding. These tests are supplemented by questionnaire, which finds out information needed for processing of results. The questionnaire finds out what sports and how long the pupils do them in an organized way, whether the pupils do sports in an unorganized manner or not at all. In results there are compared measured values. Each test is described and evaluated. In the tests there are compared pupils of primary grade of elementary school and they are split to four categories - non-sporting pupils, unorganized sporting pupils, organized sporting pupils and elementary art school. For comparing results there were chosen values - arithmetic mean, minimum and maximum measured value and supplemented by graphical processing of comparison of selected four groups. From the measured values and their subsequent comparison, it turned out that pupils who...

My diploma thesis is focused on inclusive education of pupil with hearing impairment in the Czech Republic from the parents' point of view. The theoretical part specializes in the individual chapters on hearing impairment generally, on the possibilities of rehabilitation and use of compensating aids or on logopedic (speech therapy) intervention. Further, the thesis describes education of pupils with hearing impairment in the Czech Republic at schools for pupils with hearing impairment but also at schools with the main education stream. It introduces the possibilities of education and support from the child's birth to the university study. It also introduces foreign models of education of pupils with hearing impairment in 4 chosen countries. The goal of empiric part was to chart the current situation in inclusive education of pupils with hearing impairment from the parents' point of view; to describe pros and cons of inclusion, cooperation with teachers, adaptation and education with intact classmates and also to find out how the inclusion is perceived by teachers and if their opinions are in accordance with parents' opinions. The method of semi-structured interviews with parents of pupils with hearing impairment and with teachers who already have experience with education of these pupils was used...

To understand the pathophysiology of hearing loss, it is necessary to identify genes responsible for embryonic development of neurosensory cells in the inner ear. The aim of this work is to clarify the role of LIM-homeodomain transcription factor ISL1 in the development of these cells. Using Cre-loxP recombination strategy, we generated a mouse line with time and site- specific deletion of Isl1 gene in NEUROD1-Cre expressing cells (Isl1 CKO). Although the early development of stato-acoustic ganglion was not affected by Isl1 deletion, at E14,5, we observed abnormalities in neuronal migration, formation of spiral ganglion and axon guidance in the Isl1 CKO cochlea. The length of the cochlear sensory epithelium was shortened by 20% as a consequence of lower proliferation activity of sensory precursor cells. Our results suggest that ISL1 is necessary for spiral ganglion formation and innervation of the Organ of Corti. Key words: transcription factor ISL1, neurons, Cre-loxP system, mouse model

Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is a mechanism which may contribute to the success of invasive plant species. Which of the soil components have the greatest impact on PSF? In a two-phase experiment, I observed changes in germination and growth of plants in reaction to intraspecific plant cultivation: selected plant species were grown in substrate consisting of cultivated or uncultivated soil, containing different composition and amounts of soil biota. The effect of changes in abiotic and biotic components of the soil was then assessed and compared among pairs of closely related invasive and native plant species. The main observed phenomenon was species-specificity of plant responses to changed soil conditions. The cultivation-induced changes in soil composition affected germination and biomass of the test plants positively, negatively, or were neutral, their effect differed between tested species - some of the observed species were more affected by changes in abiotic properties of the soil, some reacted to changes in soil biota composition. Nevertheless, the composition of soil biota affected germination and biomass of plants even regardless of cultivation: the presence of all biotic components of the soil had negative effect on biomass - with growing representation and amount of pathogens, fungi, micro-...

(in English): The aim of this thesis is to present a catalogue of artefacts identified as medical instruments of the Iron Age, or the Roman Age, from what is known today as the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Lower Austria - North of the Danube. This thesis presents results from the analysis of the terms "physician" and "medical", their origin and legitimacy of use for artefacts from the La Tène period and the Roman Age, for which the original purpose is assumed to be diagnosis and treatment. A brief overview of the types and the variety of shapes of the artefacts, interpreted as medical instruments in the European environment, was presented and a catalogue of artefacts of the Iron Age or the Roman Age, from the territory under examination, which were identified as medical instruments, was compiled. The individual artefacts were critically reviewed, and it was decided whether they could have been used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.

The development, maturation, and viability of inner ear neurosensory cells depend on the spatiotemporal expression of multiple transcriptional factors. Based on three mouse models [Tg(Pax2-Isl1)], Sox2CKO, and Neurod1CKO, this thesis investigates the function of three transcriptional factors ISL1, SOX2 and NEUROD1 in the neurosensory development of the inner ear. The mouse mutant [Tg(Pax2-Isl1)] carries transgenic sequence containing Isl1 gene under Pax2 regulatory sequence in its genome. ISL1 ectopic expression driven by Pax2 regulatory sequence resulted in the enlarged cochleovestibular ganglion and accelerated neurite extension in [Tg(Pax2- Isl1)] embryos. In adult mutants, we detected an early onset of age-related hearing loss correlating with the worsening function of outer hair cells. These changes were associated with the loss of medial olivocochlear efferent neuron fibers innervating outer hair cells. For the first time, we showed that the age-related hearing loss (presbyacusis) might be caused by efferent innervation defects besides hair cell loss and spiral ganglion degeneration. In addition to presbyacusis, [Tg(Pax2-Isl1)] mice suffered from hyperactivity that was diminished by the administration of picrotoxin - channel blocker for GABA receptor chloride channels. This indicates that...

Changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones can be caused by various taphonomic factors. It is important for our work how these changes will affects. The aim of the work was to process and subsequently evaluate the changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones. For analyses we chose set of adults from 2nd church burial ground Pohansko near Břeclav, we chose specifically braid of the lower limbs (cingulum membri inferioris) and free lower limb (pars libera membri inferioris). We wrote down taphonomic changes into prepared protocols, changes were typologically about damages and color changes. We used programs InkScape and AdobePhotoshop to transform paper protocols into digital form. Heat maps are outputs from this programms through them we are able to see incidence rate of individual changes. We most often detected the occurrence of an orange color on the bones of the lower limbs, so we focused on its cause. We found an increased content of silicon and aluminum in its chemical composition, so we assume that it could be an aluminosilicate weathering product. Key words: Pohansko, taphonomy, taphonomic factors, bone surface, lower limb

The subject of this Bachelor's Thesis is the change of locomotor pattern in human ancestors, which led to habitual bipedalism and associated skeletal adaptations, that changed functions of specific body parts. The main focus is on adaptations that adjusted the function of the knee joint, either directly by changing the anatomical structure in the knee area, or indirectly, for example, by increasing the tension in muscles or tendons due to weight transfer to the lower limb. Given adaptations are then a criterion for evaluating possible influence on typical knee injuries in modern human. Key words Bipedalism, locomotion, human, chimpanzee, injury, knee joint, knee, adaptation, evolution, anatomy

Improvement in the quality of life in patients with stable maculopathy by Scharioth macula lens implantation and visual plasticity modulation by transcranial electrical stimulation Aim: To evaluate the change in the quality of life in patients with stable maculopathy after Scharioth macula lens (SML) implantation followed by transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and visual rehabilitation. Methods: Our prospective study included 14 patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who underwent SML implantation from May 2018 to September 2019 at the Ophthalmology Clinic of the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove. The follow-up period was 6 months. The evaluated parameters were distant best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), near uncorrected visual acuity (UNCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central retinal thickness (CRT) and visual plasticity in the form of visual evoked potentials (VEP). The occurence of any complications and subjective satisfaction were also assessed. Results: The mean preoperative distant BCVA was 0.23 ± 0.09 and 0.17 ± 0.06 at 6 months. The mean preoperative near UNCVA was Jäger (J) 14.9 ± 2.1 and J 4.2 ± 3.1 at 6 months. Preoperative mean near visual acuity (VA) with addition of +6 diopters was J 5.0 ± 2.3. There was no statistically significant difference in the near...

Surgical treatement of idiopathic macular hole using different types of tamponades and different postoperative positioning regimen Summary Aim: To compare the effect of different types of intraocular tamponade and different types of postoperative positioning on the closure of an idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial. Methods: In this work we evaluate the surgical results of 104 eyes of 100 patients (76 women, 24 men) who were operated for IMH. The mean age of the patients was 70,8 years (57 - 87). The mean initial best corrected visaul acuity (BCVA) was 0,15 (0,05 - 0,50). The mean extend of the macular hole at the narrowest point was 408,5 µm (133 - 741). All patients were operated using a 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling under retrobulbar anesthesia. Patients were randomized into the following four groups: SF6 + reading position (n = 26), air + reading position (n = 25), air + prone position (n = 26) or SF6 + prone position (n = 27). Results: The follow-up period is 6 months. Closure rate of all IMD was 83,7 % (In the 1st group 100 %, in the 2nd 56 %, in the 3rd 84,6 % and in the 4th group 92,6 %). The air tamponade + reading position group was statistically significantly less successful compared to the other three...

This diploma thesis covers the pupils with visual impairment who are school educated through the supportive measures of varying degrees. Firstly, it describes the essential concepts related to the topic. The first chapter introduces visual functions and their most common disorders, plus visual disorders in childhood which can be encountered in education. In following chapters, the definition and classification of terms used in the Catalogue of support measures in the Czech Republic is introduced and defined. The main terms covered are visual impairment and impaired visual perception and the education specifics are described for each groups of pupils according to the severity of visual impairment. This thesis also contains detailed analysis of support areas and each supportive measure designed for pupils in need of support in education due to the visual impairment and impaired visual perception. In the second part of practical study, research goals and questions are defined. From medical and other relevant reports of special pedagogical centre the qualitative research analysis had been conducted. The data were collected from selected primary school pupils who are using varying degrees of supportive measures. In total, it includes insight of seven pupils who are educated with the second, third and...

The bachelor thesis is focused on the inclusive education of pupils with hearing impairment. In the theoretical parts there is a problem with hearing impairment, cochlear implantation and the educational process of a pupil with a cochlear implant. It acquaints us with diagnostics and classification of hearing impairment. Other advantages about the advantages and disadvantages of the cochlear implant and the possibility of communication of people with hearing impairment. It also includes an introduction to the concept of inclusion. In the practical part, the work is believed to be a pupil with a cochlear implant included in a regular primary school. It was processed on the basis of interviews and participatory observation. Look for what you want, whether you have ink ribbon and how it is taught by educators and the student's parents.