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Parliamentary structure: is there an optimal model? Abstract The diploma thesis on the topic "Parliamentary structure: is there an optimal model?" deals with the question of the ideal model of the composition of the parliament in terms of the number of its chambers. Its aim is to provide an overview of the various possibilities that have emerged, whether in history or the world today. From this it tries to draw conclusions for the answer to the question whether to prefer unicameralism or bicameralism. The issue is then transferred to the context of the Czech Senate. The first chapter deals with the issue of the institute of parliament in general. It is focused on the definition of this term, which took on different meanings in different time epochs or in different places. Then it deals with the concept of parliamentary structure. The second chapter deals with the unicameral form of parliamentary structure, including its characteristics, historical and intellectual development. Subsequently, four specific and different examples of unicameral parliaments in the world are described. These are the parliaments of Slovakia, as an example of unicameralism in pure form, Iran, which is a case of a unicameral parliament with theocratic elements, Botswana, which has a tribal element, and the example of so- called...

The bachelor's thesis maps electoral coalitions in the Czech republic on parliamentary and regional level. It unravels which parties are most common amongst these coalitions and clarifies their ideological position. This is based on the Party family theory, which is closely described in the theoretical part of this thesis. This part also includes an explanation for the concept of electoral coalitions. Methodology of this thesis is based on data published by the Czech Statistical Office. The practical section of the thesis uses this data to discover the frequency of occurence of political parties in electoral coalitions. Furthermore, this section clarifies the success rate of these coalitions. The results of the research helped to create two datasets where the parties are sorted by the frequency of occurence. The research led to a conclusion that the existence of electoral coalitions is not strongly affected by the ideological differences between the parties of the coalitions. Also, cooperation of centre-right parties with both liberal and conservative elements of political agenda is quite common amongst these coalitions.

The topic of this thesis is nomination of justices of the Supreme Court, the highest federal court in the United States. The Constitution gives the power to appoint new federal justices to the president, with "advice and consent" of the Senate. This clause is based on one of the primary constitutional principles used in the United States - the system of checks and balances. The first part describes the general aspects of all nominations, from court vacancies to the final vote on Senate floor. The primary roles of the president and the Senate are defined. Focus is also set on the evolution of the nomination process throughout the history, as well as the criteria for selecting new justices, who shape the constitutional development of one of the oldest functioning democracies. The structure of the first part is then applied for a description of the nomination of Brett M. Kavanaugh, who was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Donald Trump in 2018. The course of this nomination was strongly affected by sexual assault accusations against the nominee and fierce partisan battles that resulted in the closest confirmation vote in history. The final part applies quantitative research methods to discover the influence of partisan difference between the president and the Senate majority on the...

Thesis focuses on institutional aspect of selection of constitutional judges in Czechia and in Slovakia, personal aspect of selection, i.e. identification of the groups of recruitment and requirements and qualities of the judges. Thesis also focuses on the process, i.e. procedural aspects within which the key authorities (presidents and parliaments) compare and choose individual candidates. Based on this analysis the student will identify strengths and weaknesses of both systems, which could lead to paralysis of court in question.

The master thesis focuses on measuring the effectiveness of the legislative activities of the upper chambers of the Czech Republic, France, Spain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The selected countries represent Medium-strength, Between medium-strength and weak bicameralism, and weak bicameralism according to the theory of Arend Lijphart. The aim was to compare quantifiable indicators of the legislative process and determine how influential or how effective the upper house in the system is. To achieve the set goal, a comparison of statistical variables was used, as well as a logistic regression analysis, which helped to identify significant influences affecting the legislative process. To collect the necessary data, the automated collection was used using an algorithm in the R environment. It was found that the influence of chambers in the legislative process is approximately aligned with the theory of the strength of bicameralism. The study showed that the influence of the Czech Senate is the second-strongest among the studied countries. At the same time, the study showed that authorship and congruence appear to be the most statistically significant. However, that does not apply universally.

The subject of the thesis are the Emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. The author is dealing with steps that Emperors of the first dynasty took to change the current republican establishment in the so called principate. The main point is the relationship between the Emperors and the social elite, primarily the senate. On the relationship between the emperor and the senate is viewed in two levels, namely the emperor and the senate as whole and the emperor and the senators as individuals. The thesis also analyses the dividing of the roman Provinces between the power of the senate and the power of the emperor as well as the intervention in this dividing. The attitude of the Emperors towards their ancestors is also part of the work.

This bachelor thesis examines the legislative procedure in the Czech Republic for the purposes of lobbying. The theoretical part aims to acquaint the reader with the very concept of lobbying and its history and then systematically classify lobbying in terms of public affairs. The second part of the thesis is a thorough analysis of the current rules of procedure of both chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic and a description of the stages in which it is possible to enter into draft laws and amend them. This part describes the process of creation of laws from the legislative initiative through individual commenting procedures to negotiations in both chambers of parliament and the possibility of applying the presidential veto. The final part of the thesis deals with the historical genesis of the rules of procedure of both chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The main goal of this work is to present possible ways in which private interests can be enforced in the law-making process in the Czech Republic.

Discussion of changes in the electoral system to the Senate of the Czech Republic The diploma thesis deals with the discussion of changes in the electoral system for the Senate. The work reflects draft laws to change the electoral system in the Senate from the past, interviews with representatives of political parties represented in both chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. Furthermore, interviews with experts in the field of constitutional law and political science. The various proposals were analyzed and their principle and effects explained. The last part formulates the overall outputs of political parties and movements, experts and the opinion of the author of the diploma thesis. Key words: Senate, electoral systems, political system, constitutional system, change of electoral system, majority electoral systems, Czech Republic, parliament.

The key concern of the thesis is whether the Parliament has been respecting the Constitutional court. In order to answer this question, the theoretical part resolves the very existence of the Parliament's obligation to follow the Court and its decisions. The empirical part provides two points of view on the subject. First, the role of the Court and its decisions in parliamentary debates is being discussed. Second point analyses the reactions of the parliamentaries in response to Court's findings abolishing a law or its part during the VII. election period of the Chamber of Deputies.

This thesis is dealing with the problematic position of the upper house of the czech Parliament. In this thesis author is operating as with primary literature (i.e. laws and historic constitutional documents) in analysis historical moments of the czech parliamentarism, so with direct observation of the members of the Senate (in 11th term). Author was focusing himself on direct observations of the senate committees and plenary session of the Senate. With great help of the Senate's staff and senator Jaromír Jermář, all the members of the Senate was addressed with author's request to participate in research. Results of this research are basic cornerstone in order to answer the questions in the introduction about the sense and the role of the upper house of the czech Parliament. First chapter represents an introduction, where are the most important sources, metodology, questions entitled and this problematic is basically explained. Second chapter is aiming on the theoretical concept of the bicameral parliaments. Third chapter is profoundly analysing the historical experience of the Czech state with the second chambre parliament. Fourth chapter is, finally, analysing the representational, constitutional and legislative-controlling functions of the Senate toward the executive. Fifth chapter is...

This diploma thesis deals with the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in view of history, voter turnout and electoral system. The main purpose of the thesis is to present the Senate in terms of broad perspective, based on the analysis of selected parts of the political system. The thesis is a case study which includes an analysis of the Czech Constitution preparations, a voter turnout analysis with the main purpose to present crucial trends and simulation of some variations of qualified plurality rule on existing electoral results of the Senate elections. There is also the theory of bicameralism presented as a part of the theoretical part in the thesis. Based on the analysis the thesis presents extensive conclusions. In the view of history there are historical and ideological circumstances and also political demands of participants in the case of proposing the institution of Senate. The main conclusion on the view of voter turnout is that since 2008 there has been a continual decrease, particularly in run-off. The thesis brings two groups of solution in order that the Senate elections voter turnout might increase. First, technical changes in the electoral act could be made, and second, the whole electoral system in terms of single-round option could be changed. Based on the simulation,...

Author: Jan Holásek Summary/Abstract Title of the Thesis: What Senate? - Position of Senate in the Constitutional System of the Czech Republic The thesis "What Senate? - Position of Senate in the Constitutional System of the Czech Republic" (hereinafter also the "Thesis") discusses the legal position and functioning of the Senate of the Czech Republic. The objective of the Thesis is to highlight the basic principles of the concept of bicameral legislative bodies; mention the history of bicameral structures in the modern history of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic; describe the main principles of functioning of the second/high chambers in constitutional systems which could be inspirative for the Czech Senate; describe the principles of establishment, functioning and competencies of the current Senate of the Czech Republic, including the proposals for amendments of the Senate constitutional position made in the past. Furthermore, to consider the ways in which it would be possible to strengthen the position of the Senate in constitutional and political systems of the Czech Republic; suggest specific amendments to the Senate competencies aiming to ensure its position in order for the Senate to be repsected not only by the political representatives, but also professional representatives as well as the...

Zmiany Konstytucji Republiki Czeskiej. Konstytucja Republiki Czeskiej została uchwalona 16 grudnia 1992 r. Regulacja stosunków konstytucyjnych w Republice Czeskiej jest również uregulowana w ustawach konstytucyjnych, które w art. 112 Konstytucji określane są jako część „porządku konstytucyjnego”. Od 1993 roku konstytucję nowelizowano dziewięciokrotnie, zgłoszono również wiele in­nych projektów ustaw konstytucyjnych dotyczących zmian w konstytucji, które jednak nie zostały uchwalone. The Constitution of the Czech Republic was approved on 16th december 1992. The regulation of the constitutional relations in the Czech Republic is includedin more constitutional laws, which are called in the Constitution in Article 112 „constitutional order“. Since 1993 the Constitution was changed 9, besides there were presented many other proposals of the constitutional laws for changes of the Constitution, which failed to approve.

V roce 2016 si připomínáme výročí 20 let od prvních voleb do Poslanecké sněmovny Parlamentu České republiky (dále PS PČR). Během tohoto období proběhly volby do dolní komory parlamentu celkem šestkrát. Na podzim roku 1996 proběhly také první volby do Senátu Parlamentu České republiky (dále Senát PČR). Rokem 2014 byl dovršen cyklus, kdy se ve všech volebních obvodech konaly volby do Senátu PČR čtyřikrát.

Based on the decision of the President of the Republic No. 138/2016 Coll. Of the Law of 21 April 2016 on the Announcement of Elections to the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic pursuant to Article 63 (1) Article 16 (2) and having regard to Article 17 (1) of Constitutional Law No. 1/1993 Coll., The Constitution of the Czech Republic and § 1 Paragraph 3 of Act No. 247/1995 Coll., On Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic and on Amendment and Supplement some other acts in the wording the elections were held on 7 and 8 October 2016 in one third of the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic.

The dissertation thesis deals with the life of the catholic priest, scientist in a discipline of the Christian sociology and a politics ThDr. Francis Reyl (1865-1935). Life stories, important positions which he held, his work and events that touched him, are presented in chronological order, as they occupied Reyl's life. The first part briefly outlines the historical situation of the Catholic Church in the Czech Republic and in Europe at the time of Reyl's life in the 19th and 20th centuries. The following section describes his fates from childhood through secondary school studies (including a stay in a church students' seminary Borromaeum) and the priests' seminary formation up to his ordination. The third part deals with Reyl's activities in the 19th and 20th centuries, when he was a director of the students' seminar Borromaeum and rector of the priests' seminary. In addition, he had published a lot and devoted himself to public life and established policy, which is included in this thesis also. The fourth and last part focuses on Reyl's fates and work during The First Czechoslovak Republic, when he was a senator in the National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic and devoted himself mainly to politics. The thesis is accompanied by a picture attachment and stenographic recordings of his speeches in the...

This bachelor thesis lay stress on finding out the reason why bills concerning gun control from the beginning of the year 2013 at 113th Congress did not pass. The first part focuses on President Barack Obama as an initiator of the discussion on the theme of gun control on the federal level specifically at the 113. Congress. The thesis is based on supposition that direct influence of the President in legislative issues is weak or none at all but from his presidential post he can affect which issues are being on this level accented. That is why the first part of the thesis sums up the cultural-historical context of gun control in USA. It means to help the reader to acquire a basic framework for better understanding given issues and to determine the level of importance of gun control debate in American culture. The second chapter analyse Obama's stance on gun control and his reaction on attacks that took place during his presidency and tries to determine how was the attack in Sandy Hook so different from the others that it led to factual attempts for changes in gun control laws on federal level. The last third and also the most extensive part deals with the 113th Congress and gun control bills. It analyses each bill and their voting processes and tries to examine main participators and their real...

This rigorous thesis devotes its attention to the relationship of the Senate and the Government. It describes the areas in which there is co-operation or a conflict, and outlines possible future adjustment of their mutual relations within the constitutional system. In this work it is suggested that even though the Senate does not have (as the Chamber of Deputies does) the opportunity to express confidence or no confidence in the Government, its relationship towards the Government is significant.

The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of the Senate's position as one of the chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The basic question pervading the whole thesis is whether the Senate in the Czech Republic has legitimate position. This question is considered in several connotations, both in comparison with second chambers of other countries and their functions, and in terms of the position of the Czech Senate in its partial powers. The thesis is presented with a brief overview of the evolution of legislative bodies in the period from the First Republic to the early nineties when the formation of the current form of bicameral parliament took place. Other chapters focus on its subsequent development which is marked by the period when the Senate was not established and its functions ensured the Chamber of Deputies. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on issues related to constitutional and legal embodiment of the Senate, the question of the extent and effectiveness of the use of its powers and the thesis deals with critical views too. The conclusion summarizes the results that came from the analysis, answers the research question and determines the possible subsequent development. Key words: the Senate, the Parliament of the Czech republic, constitutional system, tradition, bicameralism, powers

Základní informace o volbách, právních podkladech, zpracování výsledků hlasování a souhrnné výsledky voleb. Český statistický úřad se podílel na organizaci přípravy voleb a byl nositelem úkolu zpracování výsledků voleb. V návaznosti na publikace, vydávané statistickým úřadem k volbám do zákonodárných sborů v předchozích letech, připravil obdobnou publikaci i k těmto volbám.

V České republice se ve dnech 10. a 11. října 2014 uskutečnily na základě rozhodnutí prezidenta řádné volby do zastupitelstev obcí, městysů a měst a do městských obvod ů a městských částí statutárních měst. Ve stejném datu byla volena také jedna třetina Senátu Parlamentu České republiky. Český statistický úřad se podílí na přípravě voleb a výsledky voleb zároveň i zpracovává.

The thesis deals with the personal stability of the Czech Parliament in the period after 1993 when the Czech Republic was founded. The author assumes a better orientation in both organizational and procedural issues of reelected representatives. The aim of this thesis is to explore what factors have influenced the rate of reelection of MPs and Senators and how these are subsequently reflected in the personal structure of both Chambers. Using a quantitative analysis, the author tests the hypothesis that the rate of reelection will be higher in the Senate due to the majority voting system which is more personalized than the proportional one used in the Chamber of Deputies. The hypothesis was tested in the Committees analogically. Furthermore, the author tests if the current level of voter turnout influences the final election results and the rate of reelection, respectively. The text is divided into three chapters. The thesis is composed of a common structure heading from a theoretical background towards empirical analysis.

The goal of this thesis is to show the life and functioning of the Senate of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia. The upper house of the Czechoslovak Parliament functioned between 1920 and 1939 after which it was officially dissolved during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In the concerned period, the chamber was gradually saw 444 lawmakers of seven different nationalities. The biggest number consisted of Czechs and Germans. The functioning of the Senate is analyzed from multiple angles. First the debate accompanying the establishment of a second chamber before the adoption of the new Constitution in 1920 is analyzed. Attention is also paid to the period debates and unrealized proposals for a Senate reform at the end the 1920's, linked to the proposed creation of the Economic Parliament. Also shown is the proportional representation electoral system used for elections to the Senate. The results were reflected in a large number of political parties with low electoral gains, which in turn hindered the creation of a stable political environment. The thesis considers the party, ethnic, social, intellectual and oratory activities of individual senators. The lives of some of the lawmakers who held seats in the upper chamber in the First Republic and were negatively affected by the German...

My Master?s thesis will be dealing with a field trip into the Parliament of the Czech Republic as a part of civics lessons in the 6th to the 9th grade of a primary school. It emphasises the meaning of field trips, their organization and it describes possible difficulties which the organizer can get into. The first part focuses on a political system in the Czech Republic with emphasis on general power division in the land. Its aim is to monitor the evolution of legislative power in Czech lands in the 20th century. The second part deals with a teaching method of a field trip as a progressive teaching method which has been out of interest of pedagogy and didactics. In the third part the emphasis is put on the preparation, accomplishment and consequent evaluation of the field trips into the Parliament of the Czech Republic in a form of a case study. It gives instructions for their organisation and mentions basic data about the running of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. It also analyses how much the field trip can supplement theoretical knowledge of the pupils gained in the civics lessons. The aim is to deal with the experience from a direct contact with the observed reality from the point of view of the 6th to the 9th grade primary school pupils. Diploma thesis can be used as a methodical tool for pedagogues of civics lessons to organise field trips into the Parliament of the Czech Republic.

The atmosphere of the election campaign before the elections in October 2012 was not such fierce as during the last campaign. It was mainly due to absence of a major topic that would polarise the society, like the health fees in 2008. The ČSSD tried to find a similar controversial topic that might have been the church restitutions for a moment. The purpose of the negative campaign was to discourage people from voting the governmental parties ODS and TOP 09, but it also could weaken the KDU-ČSL that was and still is closely connected with churches, especially the catholic church. The representatives of the KDU-ČSL themselves didn't publish any opinions concerning this matter, with only few exceptions. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and evaluate the media output of the KDU-ČSL during the election campaign that was run before the elections to the regional governments and the Senate. In the first part, the main leaders of the KDU-ČSL are introduced, following by a detailed description of the campaigns in the respective regions and the senate circuits. The next part is devoted to a quantitative content analysis that examines the influence of the election forecasting models presented in the media on the decision of the voters, or the outcomes of the KDU-ČSL. The following qualitative analysis...

The presented diploma thesis "Alternatives for the regional reform of the Czech Senate" frames on the basis of a comparative analysis of regional second chambers in the West European countries the possible alternatives for the regional reform of the Czech Senate. The comparative analysis of second chambers of parliaments in Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and France identifies the similarities and differences between the examined second chambers, in particular with respect to their historical origin, way of election, size, constitutional powers, relation to the first chamber and relation to the executive branch of the government. The examined second chambers are classified according to A. Lijphart's typological concept on the scale of strong - medium strength - weak bicameralism. The comparative analysis is then the source for the framing of specific alternatives for the regional reform of the Czech Senate. The main conclusions of the thesis are: (1) examined West European regional second chambers fall within the types of medium strength and weak bicameralism, (2) the hypothesis about the weaker position of second chambers in unitary states is partially confirmed, and (3) the framing of representative and functional alternatives for the regional reform of the Czech Senate.

This diploma thesis deals with camarilla changes of three Russian rulers. Sources and literature of this theme are dealt in the thesis introduction. Camarilla, favourite, favouritism and absolutism are defined in another chapter. Subsequent chapters deal with particular rulers, their accession to the throne, key government institutions and mainly with the most important camarilla members. Last chapter compares the three regimes. Firstly it goes in for qualifications of rulers to rule. Further it compares their favourites and then it focusses at the most successful persons who were able to maintain their position throughout several regimes and gives reply to questions if those people had common features which were reasons for success and if these positions sometimes changed or remained constant. Key words: camarilla, tzarina, regent, favourite, foreigners, 18th century, palace coups, autocracy, Cabinet of ministers, Senate, Guards

This thesis deals with the political culture of the presidential elections in the Czech Republic. Its main aim is to compare the state of the political culture in 1993 and 2008 in the Czech Republic in connection with the presidential elections. The study employs analytical and comparative methods. The thesis tests the validity of the hypothesis that the civil maturity of the politicians grows with the duration of the democracy.