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The cognitive abilities of "reptiles" have long been a neglected topic compared to research on cognition in two other groups of tetrapods - mammals and birds. Recently, however, studies testing selected aspects of various cognitive abilities in "reptiles" have become quite abundant. In this thesis, the different types of cognitive tasks studied were determined (focusing on numerical abilities, spatial learning, reversal learning, visual discrimination, social learning, "problem-solving" or operant conditioning) and then the methods of testing them in "reptiles" were discussed in detail. Subsequently, within the paraphyletic group "reptiles", the given cognitive abilities for each family (and specific species) were mapped with respect to their phylogeny. A general problem in some studies was the smaller number of subjects tested (minimum 1, maximum 559, median 15) relative to the often great number of factors studied (minimum 1, maximum 14, median 4) and the wide interindividual variability in cognitive performance. Although the amount of work on the cognitive abilities of "reptiles" has been rising over the last decade, qualitative analysis suggests the presence of simpler types of cognition. A quantitative or phylogenetic analysis of "reptilian" cognitive abilities has so far been precluded by low...

This thesis is focused on the ability of learning in naked mole-rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of associative and reversal learning in these rodents in a simple Y-maze. The animals discriminated between two different odors, one of them was associated with reward. The second aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex, body weight and family affiliation of the tested individuals on learning performance. The associative and reversal learning was successfully accomplished, the influence of sex, body weight and family affiliation was established in some cases.