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he present bachelor thesis focuses on Émile Zola and his short stories, which are not very well known nowadays. In the introductory part we will focus on naturalism and its development in France, then on Émile Zola himself. The second part of the thesis presents the short story work of this writer and its diversity, which does not always fall into the naturalistic conception of literature. Furthermore, the thesis will focus on the thematic and genre analysis of these short stories.

The bachelor thesis deals with the reception of Šlejhar's stories, which are the prose Florian Bílek, mlynář z Byšic: příběhy z vesnického života and the short story collections Co život opomíjí and Z krajského města. The first part documents the primary reception, especially from published magazine critical texts from the period of Šlejhar's life and shortly after his death. The following section is focused on the secondary reception from years 1959 to 2008, which I draw mainly from literary historical books. In conclusion, I compare the reception from the transformation of points of view and emphasizing different aspects.

The thesis deals with selected works of prose written by Karel Matěj Čapek-Chod (Kašpar Lén mstitel), Josef Merhaut (Vrah?) and Josef Karel Šlejhar (Dojmy z přírody a společnosti). In the first section of the thesis the authors are briefly introduced, with focus on the circumstances surrounding the publication and reception of their works. The core of the thesis is analytical and interpretative, i.e. the texts are analysed in terms of their themes, motifs, semantics and poetics. They are also compared and contrasted with Émile Zola's essays and novels. The thesis aims to identify how the texts correlate with naturalism - to what extent they might be considered naturalistic and whether they correspond to the core variant of Zola's naturalism. If there is such a connection, the thesis seeks to explain how it was achieved. The thesis is based on a number of resources, both printed (reference books of literary history, lexicography, etc.) and online (caslin, retrobi).

This bachelor thesis is focused on Ignát Hořica and his literature. It is an incomplete monology - complete monology would be over the criteria the bachelor thesis. This thesis is divided to two parts - theoretical (biography), and practical (interpretation of Hořica's war themed literature, and literature of other themes of his literature). Due to lack of the society's interest is my thesis only a summary of the basic articles - the original intention was also comparing of war stories in Bosnia by different authors of the same genre, but even this part would be over the criteria of the bachelor thesis.

The diploma thesis deals with realism and naturalism in Europe and the Czech environment. The second part consists of analysis of the works of Černá pole, Kuře melancholik and Peklo. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on changes in the form of the world, the development of culture and literature in the nineteenth century. It is mainly about the development of realism and naturalism in the Czech environment and in Europe. Special attention is paid to the work in the subchapter connected with European naturalism, basically I wrote about Émile Zola, his life and work. Representatives of the Czech naturalistic orientation, are composed of Josef Merhaut, Josef Karel Šlejhar and Zikmund Winter. The analytical part of the diploma thesis is based on naratological analyzes of the works such as Černá pole, Kuře melancholik and Peklo, in which the primary attention is paid to naturalistic motives.

The present diploma thesis aims to monitor the extent of Czech literary realism. It builds upon previous bachelor's thesis work, further developing presented findings by extending them using data on re-editions of realistic works which were followed up to the year 1948. It uses the database of the National Library of the Czech Republic, and the resulting data is clearly presented in tables. The thesis result is a graphical visualization depicting the magnitude of the production of Czech literary realism from the beginning of the second half of the 19th century until 1948. The primary sources to be analyzed are literary-historical monographs, specifically "Průvodce po dějinách české literatury" (Guide to the History of Czech Literature, 1984), "Česká literatura od počátku k dnešku" (Czech literature from beginning to today, 1998) and "Trvání v proměně" (Duration in Transition) by Aleš Haman (2010).

The focus of this Batchelor's thesis is typology and charasteristics of feminine characters in chosen works of Czech naturalistic production. The theoretical part will be occupied with naturalism; it will define the term and state its literary and social context, focusing on Czech naturalism. Furthermore, the status of women living at the end of the nineteenth century will be described there. In the practical part there will be an interpretation of the works Kuře Melancholik, Santa Lucia and Antonín Vondrejc. The emphasis will be put on the interpretation of feminine characters. The result will be a summary of gained findings concerning functions of feminine characters and their importance for this literary movement.

The aim of the bachelor thesis Huysman's Naruby, as a parody of Experimentalního románu, is an attempt to consult Huyman's novel Naruby not only as a source of decadent symbols but also as a critical and parodying work with which its author tries completing his separation from "the father of Naturalism", Emil Zola. Particularly from Zola's notion of naturalism described in a literary critical work Experimentální román. At first the work is concerned with Experimentální román and tries to delimit the basic principles of naturalism which are defined there. Moreover, there is also a short introduction of Joris Karl Huysmans, especially from a creative development point of view, as well as an outline of the relationship between him and Emile Zola. The next chapter is dealing with an analysis of the novel Naruby itself and with searching for potential parodying aspects, namely from the perspective of smaller units, such as a conception of the space and time or perception of reality. In the end, the work points to mutual contradiction in terms by both authors, especially Zola's tendency to decadent aesthetics in the late works.

This thesis focuses on Bernard Horst, who is introduced, based on the historical background of the period in which he lived as well as literary reviews and the interpretation of his selected novels. The thesis aims to provide a complex overview of findings about this writer and should also - using overviews of the history of the Czech literature and literary dictionaries - partially answer the following question: In what light can the personality of a marginal author address a contemporary reader, through which perspective can this author be seen and, most importantly, how this author can be discussed using the wider literary context?

Lenka Mundevová Translation of Colloquial Language Devices in Fiction: A Century of Maupassant's Ivrogne in Czech Translation Abstract The dissertation compares the stylization of the dialogues in the French original of Maupassant's short story Ivrogne (The Drunkard), written in 1884, with five Czech translations published between 1902 and 1997. The comparative analysis is focused on the devices of colloquial language, including dialect, which appear frequently in the dialogues of the story and prove to be extraordinarily useful when interpreting Maupassant's text. The analysis of the excerpted material is preceded by the description of the basic characteristics of colloquial French and Czech, followed by the description of their stratifications. The mutual relation of the colloquial language varieties is an important prerequisite for the evaluation of the translations of colloquial language devices and their appropriateness in the individual Czech versions of Ivrogne. The paper also deals with the development of Czech aesthetic translation standards and their relation to the standard of local fiction, outlining the important tendencies of Czech fiction translation applied when colloquial devices were conveyed from French to Czech during the specified timeframe. The individual language devices used in the...

The theme of this thesis is History of School of Applied Arts studios in Prague between 1885 and 1910. The thesis focuses mainly on style development at the crucial point of turning of the century. This period was the turning point when advanced school's art manifested and also time of generation change that transformed overall school atmosphere. A specific contribution of this thesis lies in outlining less known specialized schools, with inclusion of female element, which are factors that were not previously described elsewhere, as well as in attempt to find methodical and development analogies between Prague and Vienna School of Applied Arts. The aim of my thesis was to assess exceptional status of the school, especially in context of Czech educational system of decorative arts, and to evaluate historical context based on detailed archive research. I included in the thesis a comprehensive list of students of general and specialized schools of decorative arts, thus creating a foundation for future researchers on individual artistic personalities. Study of development of School of Applied Arts is an analytical synthesis presenting the specific role of decorative arts and crafts in pre-WWI era.

I will follow the theoretical and critical discourse, related to establishing of Czech literary naturalism. My sources will be both book editions (essays from the volumes "Lehký harcovník", or "O národní literaturu", made available by the Melantrich publishing company) and journalistic production. Among the personalities she will focus on F. Schulz and V. Mrštík, possibly on other authors according to the primary heuristics results. The idea about general extension of naturalism will be provided by relevant syntheses or partial monographs (ADČL III; Haman: Trvání v proměně; Janáčková: Česká literatura na přelomu století; Český román na sklonku 19. století).

The focus of this thesis lies on the outstanding Spanish realistic and naturalistic novel of the 19th century known as La Regenta by Leopoldo Alas "Clarin". The thesis is divided into two parts, the first is oriented towards historical and cultural context of the novel's origin, biography of the author and general introduction of the novel. The second part of the thesis concentrates on a main character Ana Ozores de Quintanar, mainly from psychological and sociological perspective. Sole chapter is then dedicated to comparison of novels La Regenta and Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and its main heroines. The primary aim of the thesis is to study the main character Ana Ozores, her gradual formation and to analyze her relationship with other key characters of the novel and factors which brought heroine's demise in the end.

This work illustrates the direction of naturalism and its' problematic achievements in Czech literature. The work is concentrated around Karel Matěj Čapek-Chod, who was one of the greatest representatives of this literary style. On the basis of literary analysis of his three novels (Kašpar Lén mstitel, Turbina, Antonín Vondrejc), the paper describes and depicts Čapek-Chod's comprehension of naturalism. Keywords Naturalism, naturalistic novel, prose, K. M. Čapek-Chod, Kašpar Lén mstitel, Turbina, Antonín Vondrejc

Subject to this degree work is the character of prostitutes in French society in the 19th century reflected in eight selected works of French authors of the time. In the first part of my thesis the history of prostitution from "religious prostitution" in ancient Greece to its "golden age" in France in the 19th century is described. The decay of moral principles in the post-Revolutionary period (as a result of religious and social taboos collapse) causes a great spread of prostitution and venereal diseases. Because of these reasons it was necessary to take the legalizing and organizing precautions - the French System. The second part of this work takes addresses the different (romantic and naturalistic) representations of the character of the prostitute in the literature of the 19th century. The representative of the romantic interpretation of the courtesan who is driven to sin due to poverty (the myth of the "fallen angel" redeemed by pure love) is Honoré de Balzac and his novel "The Splendors and Miseries of Courtesans". The opposite pole to the romantic interpretation of prostitutes is a naturalistic beast which chooses the oldest profession herself as a means of executing social revenge. In this second, analytical, part of this work the comparison of both of these kinds is made. Key words:...

The aim of this work is to analyze the critique of romanticism in Clarín's most famous novels La Regenta and Su único hijo, which lies in the realistic and naturalistic description of the appearance and characteristic of the main characters, in which we can find romantic elements as well. However, the author in his work assumes a rather ironic attitude towards these symptoms of certain romantic anachronisms. The critique of romanticism in Clarín's novels manifests itself mainly through various paradoxical situations, naturalistic descriptions or ridiculed characters. The first part of the paper is to present a theoretical introduction of the subject with characterization of different literary styles of the 19th century, i.e. romanticism, realism and naturalism, which elements appear in the analyzed novels. In the second part follows a brief presentation of the author and a detailed analysis of the critique of romanticism in his chosen novels, with more space dedicated to the work of La Regenta, which is considered to be the best Spanish novel of the 19th century.

The diploma thesis Josef Velenovský and František Mareš ? two personalities of the Czech scientific life (their biological and philosophical activities) deals with the philosophical theses of two notable Czech biologists ? philosophers ? in their biological research. The first part introduces the biological and philosophical activities of both personalities. It depicts in detail Mares' views of physiology and Velenovsky's take on natural philosophy. It further contains their critical views of contemporary trends in natural sciences and philosophy, especially the positivism and naturalism. The second part contains a comparative analysis of the fundamental ideas of both scientists, included in The natural philosophy (Volume I, Natural) and Physiology. The text attempts to analyze their theses (positivism, naturalism, vitalism, physiology, natural science) and to find similarities and differences in their points of view.

Irving Singer's theory of value declares itself a member of american naturalistic and pragmatic tradition. It refuses metaphysical speculation on behalf of empirism and stresses the processual character of every experience, focusing more on its imaginatively-affective rather than rational part. Singer distinguishes two basic types of valuation: appriciation of an object, seen as an instrument for a given function, and spontaneous bestowal of value, which values the object on the basis of its own qualities - generating an affective attachement in the process. In a healthy organism, both ought to cooperate to support the fullness of life-in-the-world. Their harmonization is a matter of aesthetics as recognized in the case of love or works of art. This thesis criticizes Singer's project from its own point of view - the american naturalism. In the first chapter, it describes closely Singer's point-of-departure and places it within historical tradition. The matter of the "intrinsic value controversy" is drawn here as well. Following two chapters probe into the pillars of Singer's systém - the conceptions of appriciation, bestowal, imagination and idealization. In comparison with the doctrines of John Dewey, George Santayana and christian situational ethics, fundamentally eclectical character of Singer's...

The thesis focuses on J. K. Šlejhar's literary work from two points of view. The first part introduces Šlejhar's work in the contemporary literary context as a result of a synthesis of new literary styles. In the second part the thesis concentrates on a textual analysis and reconstruction of the author's "artistic world". The first part of the thesis gives insight into the contemporary discussions aimed at revising and redefining the function of art with respect to the new development in society and new human needs. The critical reception of realism and naturalism and the reflection of the then wide-spread adoption of new influences from foreign literatures are also dicussed. To draw a comparison, we quote both period and current studies dealing with J. K. Šlejhar's work. Thereby we want to demonstrate the changing requirements of literature and art and the changing perception of a literary work throughout time. The second part of the thesis comprises the textual analysis of Šlejhar's selected writings from the point of view of semiotic literary theory and the reconstruction of the author's "artistic world". Such approach enables us to draw comparisons to Russian literature of the 19th century, primarily with the works of N. V. Gogol and F. M. Dostoyevsky, and to discover a common basis for both...

West European Impulses of Bulgarian Diabolism (A Look at the Bulgarian Literature of the 1920s) Abstract Keywords: Bulgarian literature, expressionism, avant-garde, diabolism, horror fiction, marvelous, uncanny, Menippean carnival discourse, romanticism, naturalism, individualism Svetoslav Minkov (1902-1966), Vladimir Poljanov (1899-1988), Georgi Rajčev (1882 - 1947), Čavdar Mutafov (1889-1954) Contrary to its generally innovative potential for Bulgarian literature, the phenomenon called Bulgarian diabolism has been a marginal one from the point of view of literary discourse. The interest of postmodern writers and reviewers has given rise to accentuating some of the partial aspects of the works of Svetoslav Minkov, Vladimir Polyanov, Georgi Raychev and Chavdar Mutafov. However, with the exception of Thomas Martin's monograph Der bulgarische Diabolismus. Eine Studie zur bulgarischen Phantastik zwischen 1920 und 1934, published in 1993, works explicating the nature of the phenomenon in Bulgarian literature have been missing. Due to their novelty and impurity, the syncretic writings of Bulgarian diabolists, blending fading individualistic modernist tendencies together with elements of romantic fiction of horror in the generally expressionist roots of their works, were a phenomenon difficult to rank for their...

The aim of this bachelor thesis is the comparative analysis of the Czech translations of Émile Zola's novels. The first chapter presents naturalism as the literary movement and treats his major figures. The second chapter contains theoretical basis which deals with process of translation putting emphasis on Czech and Slovak translation theories. The third chapter is focused on the analysis of the Czech translations and tries to define critically the translation solutions used by Czech translators. By way of conclusion, this thesis seeks to summerize the results of the analysis and offers their critical evaluation.

The epistemological problem of unity and its development in the philosophy of Bertrand Russell is the main subject of this essay. The first chapter is devoted to naïve realism developed by G. E. Moore and adopted by early Russell. I explain the notion of objective unity of proposition. The second chapter concerns Russell's departure from naïve realism and the multiple relation of judgment which Wittgenstein's criticism rendered as fatally unable to handle the problem of synthetic unity. The breakdown of this theory led Russell to naturalism, which is the topic of the last chapter. I pay special attention to the regressive argument proposed in slightly different versions by Moore, L. Wittgenstein and G. Ryle. Keywords realism, neutral monism, behaviorism, unity, consciousness

The subject of this thesis consists in following the development of the novelistic chronicle genre, which emerges on the common point of a chronicle and a novel at the end of the 19th century. The ground on which the genre is characterised and the survey of its development conducted is the "new chronicle" U nás by Alois Jirásek, "the chronicle of a Moravian village" Rok na vsi by Mrštík brothers and generation chronicle Rozkvět by František Xaver Svoboda. These three novelistic chronicles are connected by the time of their genesis and have several common features, which are associated mainly with their genre determination (the domination of time and place over the characters and the story, the retardation of the time dynamics, being linked to a place and the accent on the poetic of the concrete). However, their authors drew inspiration from different regions (the northeast of Bohemia, the central Bohemia, the borderland of Moravian Slovakia and Haná) and they depicted distinct social backgrounds. The chronicles differ in the time when their story is played out as well as in the way the sources are adapted. Each of them is a realistic work; however, from the thematic point of view and from the point of view of the taken place, each one represents a different type of realism (the historical realism,...

The thesis deals with history, methods and principles of narration in fine arts since the beginning of history to present days. The problems of stories in pictures are parted to two categories; the inner and outer plane of the story. Each of these narrative planes operate with different procedures. Between these procedures belong compositions, dynamics, rhythm, the usage of symbols, indexes and icons but also the amount of stylization and naturalism. Contemporaneous progressive artistic methods such as comics are the subject of analyses right next to the historical methods of sequential image narration. The thesis observes the methods of composing, working with time and use of the so called gutter as an integral part of the juxtaposed sequences. The analysis' findings are summarised in the personal author production and the didactic evaluation of certain narrative procedures.