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Laser capture microdissection is a relatively young method used both in biomedical sciences as in other studies of animal and vegetable tissues and cells. Current human medicine and its methods of investigation are based on both current established processes, and simultaneously there are new experimental approaches from molecular biology tested. In this context it is highly desirable that the studied tissue is homogenous and representative population of cells. For this purposes at the late 80s the method of laser capture microdissection (LCM) has been developed, the first publication dealing with this method was released even in 1996. In current databases of literature we are able to find hundreds of papers focused on LCM such a method or as a part of methodic approach of experiments whose results led to the improved knowledge of genetic and proteomic nature of various diseases. This knowledge is of great promise for successful targeted therapy in the future.