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This bachelor thesis studies the formation and development of insurgentl movements operating in Colombia and Peru. The main attention is given to the two most signifiant groups, namely the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the Shining Path (SL). Activities of these movements in the second half of the 20th century greatly crippled the stability and prosperity of the state. The aim of this study is to find similarities and differences between the origin and subsequent evolution of the two rebel groups. The emphasis is on the criteria of the establishment of organizations, program background, clashes with armed forces and official negotiations with the governments of the countries concerned. The basic method used is the analysis of historical data and information and their subsequent comparison.

(in English): This work studies the genesis of the FARC's ideological nature and the consequences of changes in its development which have had an impact on the conduct of warfare. A number of aspects which, in varying degrees, affect the direction of the guerrilla group are analysed successively. Firstly, the roots of the movement are discussed along with events which led to the creation of the FARC and the legitimacy of its political program. Thereafter, the functionality of the security policy of Colombian presidents for the last thirty years is examined. Participation in the illegal drug trade, which constantly changes the guerrilla's mechanism of functioning, has had appreciable influence on the process of forming the movement and consequently on the public view of the organization. Based on the study of the stated aspects and the analysis of three key constituents of guerrilla movement - political, military and economic components - a scheme describing the hierarchic realignment that has resulted in the consequent transformation of the organization was created.

The aim of work is to aply theory of political terorism and guerrilla to Brother's Masin resistence group activities. This work offers a new view to research issues of Brother's Masin resistence group. Besides the theory of political terorism and guerila we have to account contemporary context. Each group action will be assign to one of the theory. Masin's father had a great influence to resistence group activity. He has to have his own place in this work. It is also necessary to introduce historical context of the time and give the most important reasons to the group activities. Because it is important to look at the contemporary context we have to describe what Czechoslovakia, East German and West German press wrote about it. In conclusion are the most important facts about theory of political terorism and guerrilla. To this theories will be assigned each resistence group activities. The conclusion provides an overview of Brother's Masin resistence group activities using theory of political terorism and guerrilla.

Bachelor thesis provides an overview of the Colombian conflict in terms its possible solutions in the period after 2002. The Colombian conflict is the longest ongoing intranational conflict in the world and no one has been able to bring the conflict to an end. Colombia is confronted with many interest groups in its territory. They are involved in drug trafficking, terrorist attacks, murders and kidnappings of population. The government of President Álvaro Uribe Vélez and consequently the current government of President Juan Manuel Santos were the closest to the end of the conflict. Both of them took a different approach to resolve the situation and it is reason why to evaluate the results of various political strategies and their impact on political and economic situation in Colombia. The findings observed in this thesis may be useful for understanding the current status of the Colombian conflict, potentially for application in other intranational conflict resolution.

This dissertation aims to enrich the discussion about the role of social movements in the process of democratisation, ie. to assess their role in the transformation from authoritarian to democratic regime. In particular, it tries to find the way how to assess the impact of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) and related movement on the Mexican transition to democracy in 1990s. The analysis tries to identify possible impacts on three different levels -- political (which means regime transition), social (which is related with the change of the nature of the relations between state and society, once described as corporatist) and economical (which means the end of neoliberal policy promoted by recent Mexican governments and the introduction of more equal, "more democratic" policy in zapatista logic). It looks both at the formal (direct through bargaining) and informal (influence) impact of the zapatista movement. From the methodological point of view, the study is case analysis, in some parts it uses historical analysis. The text is structured into five chapters. The first chapter shows main theoretical and methodological approaches to the social movements with special focus on Latin American context. It is followed by explaining the principles of methods used to assessment of the zapatista impacts. The second chapter presents main approaches to social change and process of democratic transition. The third chapter contains the historical analysis of transformation of relation between state and society during 20th century, from the introduction of (state) corporatist model in 1930s to its gradual dismantling in the late 20th century. The fourth chapter analysis the evolution of EZLN from its beginning in Lacandon jungle in southern Mexican state of Chiapas. In relation with the emphasis of movement's goals, the period from 1994, when zapatista uprising in Chiapas started, to 2010 is divided into four stages. In the fifth chapter, theoretical findings are applied on EZLN and zapatista movement and formulated hypotheses are tested.