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The master thesis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Slovenia-Croatian territorial dispute in the period 1991-2010. Although this dispute has its origin in the SFRY, it fully sprung up at the time of independence of Slovenia and Croatia, when the question of the definition of a common border appeared. The thesis is primarily focused on three key issues: the definition of the coastal border at the mouth of the River Dragonja, the delimitation of the territorial sea in the Piran Bay and in particular on the main Slovenian request for a direct access to international waters. In the first part selected terms from the international law of the sea are explained. The second chapter covers the historical development and changes of borders in Istria with an emphasis on the development of the municipality of Piran. The above key issues are analysed in the third chapter, which is attempting to verify the relevance of the arguments of both parties from the perspective of international law. The fourth chapter deals with the bilateral dispute resolution attempts and also briefly outlines the political developments in both countries. The final chapter then examines the role what the European Union, or the European Commission, played.