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The thesis "Gender analysis of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in selected episodes of the TV series The Surgery in the Rose Garden 2" introduces readers to problematic passages seen from a gender perspective in episodes 633 to 666 of the soap opera The Surgery in the Rose Garden 2. Research has found that doctors treat female nurses, female doctors and often female patients in a paternalistic manner (the exception are friends, such as a neighbour). The counterpart to the angry and conservative doctor Čestmír Mázl, who is stereotypically masculine (authoritative, aggressive), is the Ugandan doctor Aisha Nakabugo Kingi, who is stereotypically feminine (sensitive, empathetic). She is also progressive and is liked by patients and colleagues in the hospital. Her different ethnicity is a problem for Mázl and two other characters, but doctor Kingi disproves the racist stereotypes with her behavior and eventually befriends Mázl. Both surrogacy and home birth are presented as problematic ventures that are not recommended because they can turn out badly; in the soap opera, they only turn out well because of luck.

This Bachelor thesis is about surrogacy and consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is focused on the topic of infertility and assisted reproduction, mainly by the issue of assisted reprodution in surrogacy. It is also focused on legislation of surrogacy and assisted reproduction, the ethical part of surrogacy and on questions that arise for de lege ferenda debates. The main aim of this thesis is to sum up knowledge about surrogacy into well-arranged chapters and by that to raise the awarness about surrogacy in professional but also wider public. The next aim is to find out the knowledge and attitude of midwives from labour rooms, from the department of puerperium and the department of physiological newborns and to make few reflections about the attitude of the staff to surrogacy. One of the last aims of this thesis is to suggest a manual for care procedure about surrogate mother, the infertile couple and the baby. For the practical part of the Bachelor thesis was used a questionnaire and was performed since 1st of February 2022 until 31st of March 2022 towards the whole Czech republic. The target group were midwives from labour rooms, from the department of puerperium and miwives/child nurses from the deparment of physiological newborns. The questionnaire was sent to the...

The thesis deals with the process of surrogacy in a homosexual couple and colnsultation when two homosexuals have a child. The text is structured into four chapters. The first chapter describes parenthood and what possibilities a homosexual couple has in this area, the second chapter professionally presents assisted reproduction, the third chapter deals in detail with the whole process of surrogacy in a homosexual couple. The last chapter is dedicated with colnsultation at a homosexual couple with children, and other problems that a couple may encounter.

Surrogacy in case law of the Supreme and Constitutional Court Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of surrogacy and places the topic and its aspects into the context of up-to-date social background, legal theory and practice and case law of the Supreme and Constitutional Court. The aim of this thesis is to provide a summary of all available theoretical and practical understanding of the matter, analysis of relevant case law and illustration of both legal and factual issues concerning surrogacy in the Czech republic for the reader to be able to form a comprehensive understanding of the matter, taking into account its interdisciplinarity. Keywords Surrogacy, surrogate motherhood, assisted reproduction, parenthood, best interests of the child, right to family and family life

The main subject of this master thesis is the issue of surrogacy in the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. At the beginning, this thesis aspires to define the term surrogacy in general as well as other connected terminology, and subsequently to specify its categories and describe its major historic milestones. Afterwards, it deals with the rather brief Czech legislation concerning this institute and the consequences this has inevitably led to. It also concentrates on the methods of the assisted reproduction which help to put the surrogate motherhood into practice. This thesis does include ethical problems of surrogacy and some of the psychological and sociological aspects as well. Consequently, it summarizes sanctions which may arose as a result of surrogacy. After that, it explains the legislation related to this issue in the Federal Republic of Germany, its history and legal limits. It deals with the German sanctions which the realization as well as mere arrangement may be subjected to. It examines the standpoint of the German legislator regarding the right of a child to know his or her origin including its consequences, such as non-anonymous sperm donation and obligation of the legal parents to undergo a DNA test. It describes most recent demands of the society regarding the new...

Legal Proceeding of Establishing and Disputing Parentage The topic of this thesis is the legal proceedings of establishing or disputing parentage. The aim of the thesis is to provide complex description and analysis of current framework of the proceedings for establishing or disputing parentage in relation to the substantive measures, point out problematic areas and weak spots of the legislation and provide possible solutions de lege ferenda. The text is divided into eight chapters. First chapter deals with the term "parentage" from various perspectives - biological, social, legal and the link between them, mainly with the case law of the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights in mind. Second chapter provides the historical evolution of the legal framework for establishing and disputing parentage, going all the way back to the ancient Rome, Austrian Civil Code, the Family Law Code and the Family Code, to the present, where the civil law underwent re-codification and the whole area of family law has been included within the new Civil Code. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of the substantive measures regarding the establishing and disputing of parentage as described in the Civil Code, because the substantive measures and procedural measures are closely...

This master thesis deals with the issue of legislation of surrogacy. Development in the area of reproductive medicine as the first "test tube baby" in 1978 and following medical progress has inevitably brought development expansion of this institute. This institute, although that it brings with itself many ethical, social and legal questions, is not legally regulated in the Czech Republic (except one provision, Art. 804 of the Civil Code). Therefore, this master thesis tries to provide a proposal of legislation which might be adopted in the Czech Republic, using primarily analytical and comparative methods. After the surrogacy is explained and forms and models of it are described, the international framework is clarified. Although many states realize actuality of this topic, there has not been any international legislation adopted that would regulate e.g. surrogate tourism, until this day. However, there is a certain guideline, namely the interest of a child, as the European Court of Human Rights judged. State's legislations range on the scale from criminalization (France) to legalization of its commercial form (Ukraine). After evaluation of legislation of some states whose regulations show real functioning of models of surrogacy, it is clear that the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern...

The topic of the diploma thesis is the determination of parenthood in the light of the current status of reproductive medicine. The importance of reproductive medicine is increasing in contemporary society in connection with the growing number of people suffering from infertility. Many infertile couples who have undergone reproductive medicine treatment have become parents through these methods. The question of legal parenthood in connection with the issue of assisted reproduction is the core part of the diploma thesis. The diploma thesis aims to perform a legal analysis of the determination of parenthood to a child born through assisted conception, to point out possible shortcomings in legal regulation and to recommend legislative amendments from the perspective of de lege ferenda. The first chapter explores effective legal regulation of maternity and paternity determination, defining the fundamental kinds of parenthood, because biological, genetic, social and legal parenthood should not be confused. The second chapter deals with assisted reproduction, which specifically manipulates human gametes. Attention is drawn to international and national legal regulation, including the question of legal parenthood of a child that has been conceived in this way. The next part of the thesis deals with...

Vlivem progresivního biomedicínského vývoje jsou již vědci delší dobu schopni ovlivňovat vývoj člověka v prenatálním období. S tím je spojena řada problémů nejen etického, ale také právního charakteru, které mají dopad do právního významu hodnoty lidského života a zachování jeho přirozenosti. Cílem tohoto článku bude poukázat na skutečnost, že zákonodárce není v různých aspektech schopen efektivně a pružně reagovat na pronikání genetických zásahů do stále více oblastí společenského života. Pozornost tak bude nejprve věnována výchozí otázce biologického, morálního a právního statusu nenarozeného dítěte, a to v kontextu právních regulací, které umožňují destruktivní zásahy do jeho podstaty a přirozeného vývoje. Následně se již zaměříme na filozoficko-právní analýzu problematiky biomoci a jejího potenciálu suplovat legislativní činnost zákonodárce, což se pokusíme v českém právním prostředí demonstrovat na aktuální a stále nevyřešené otázce náhradního mateřství. Vlivem progresivního biomedicínského vývoje jsou již vědci delší dobu schopni ovlivňovat vývoj člověka v prenatálním období. S tím je spojena řada problémů nejen etického, ale také právního charakteru, které mají dopad do právního významu hodnoty lidského života a zachování jeho přirozenosti. Cílem tohoto článku bude poukázat na skutečnost, že zákonodárce není v různých aspektech schopen efektivně a pružně reagovat na pronikání genetických zásahů do stále více oblastí společenského života. Pozornost tak bude nejprve věnována výchozí otázce biologického, morálního a právního statusu nenarozeného dítěte, a to v kontextu právních regulací, které umožňují destruktivní zásahy do jeho podstaty a přirozeného vývoje. Následně se již zaměříme na filozoficko-právní analýzu problematiky biomoci a jejího potenciálu suplovat legislativní činnost zákonodárce, což se pokusíme v českém právním prostředí demonstrovat na aktuální a stále nevyřešené otázce náhradního mateřství. Due to the progressive development of biomedicine, scientists have been able to influence the development of a human being in the prenatal period for some time. This is associated with many problems not only of an ethical but also of a legal nature, which have an impact on the legal significance of the value of human life and on the preservation of its nature. The aim of this article is to highlight the fact that the legislature is unable to efficiently and flexibly respond, in various aspects, to the penetration of genetic engineering into more and more areas of social life. Initially, attention shall be on the biological, moral and legal status of an unborn child in the context of legal regulations that allow destructive interference in its essence and natural development. Subsequently, focus shall be oriented on the philosophical and legal analysis of the issue of biopower and its potential ability to substitute the legislative action of the legislature, which we will try to demonstrate on the Czech legal environment with respect to the current and still unresolved issue of surrogacy.

The aim of this thesis is analysis of attitudes, opinions and present legislation regarding a surrogate motherhood. The thesis should be recommendation of optimal legal adaptation of surrogacy in Czech Republic. The thesis looks into chosen issue through methods of comparison with foreign legislation and reminder of professional and non- professional views on the issue. The reasons for surrogacy legislation in Czech Republic are particularly the best interest of child, protection of surrogate mother's rights and rights of potential parents and many more. The surrogacy legislation would mean amendments of many legal regulations, which are propounded by the thesis. Keywords Surrogate motherhood, surrogacy, surrogacy legislation, determination and negation of maternity, biological mother, social mother, genetic mother, legal mother, the best interest of child, adoption, right to family and family life Name of the thesis Surrogate motherhood

Surrogate motherhood is considered one of the most disputed and controversial method of assisted reproduction available to childless couples. This contemporary topic assists rising numbers of couples with reproductive disorders. Professional and nonprofessional discourse on the topic of surrogacy has grown in the Czech Republic since 2009. This discussion has contributed to increasing destigmatisation of the parties that make use of the option of surrogate motherhood. As a result, we have first- hand accounts on how the Czech legal system in its current form responded. This diploma thesis presents an overview of the methods of assisted reproduction and their history as well as the legal basis for assisted reproduction in international, European and national law. Furthermore, the thesis touches upon the topic of surrogate motherhood with a view to identifying the risks and dangers of surrogate motherhood both in general and with a focus on the specific legal issues in the Czech Republic. In its conclusion it examines the politico-legal developments regarding surrogate motherhood both on the level of the European Union as well as the Council of Europe. The diploma thesis aims to map the legislation of surrogate motherhood in the Czech legal system including the first contact of the parties, the validity and...

Determination of Parenthood The topic of my thesis is Determination of Parenthood. With this topic are connected problems not only legal, but often also social and ethical. Parenthood affects all of us and it's an important aspect of human life. That's why there should be legal assurance in relationship between parent and child. Development in the field of medicine is still ahead (mainly thanks to methods of assisted reproduction and DNA analysis) and the rules of law should respond and deal with it. The aim of this thesis is describe and become acquainted with problematics of determination of parenthood, valorize how legislation responds to modern development and to propose possible changes. Thesis is prepared on the basis of existing legislation on the date of submission of the thesis. Thesis is divided into seven main chapters, which are divided to further subsections. First chapter deals with concept of parenthood and methods of determination. Second chapter describes historical development of legislation on Czech territory, since Roman law to recodification of civil law. Related third chapter concisely summarizes national and international legal sources of current legislation. Chapter four is about determination of maternity and problems of surrogacy, anonymous childbirth, concealed birth...

Problémy spojené s nízkou porodností jsou již dlouhou dobu celospolečenským tématem, které v kontextu vývoje moderních biomedicínských technologií úzce souvisí s metodami asistované reprodukce, zejména umělého oplodnění, které je v rámci diskurzu považováno za jedinou spolehlivou léčbu neplodnosti. Nehovoří se však příliš o tom, že s jeho realizací je spojeno mnoho etických a právních otázek, které souvisejí s nerespektováním integrity a důstojnosti lidského embrya. To totiž není považováno za cíl daných postupů, ale pouze jako prostředek k realizaci práva na rodinný život či rozvoj vědy, pokud se stane nadbytečným. Cílem tohoto článku bude poukázat na skutečnost, že současný právní stav v oblasti reprodukční medicíny degraduje začínající život na pouhý biologický materiál či předmět smluvního ujednání v podobě surogační dohody, aniž by mu jakožto lidské bytosti poskytoval náležitou právní ochranu. Související zákonná koncepce anonymního dárcovství navíc negativním způsobem navždy ovlivňuje společenský život a osobnostní vývoj takto počatého jedince. Za tímto účelem budeme kriticky analyzovat danou právní úpravu a poukážeme na potřebu celkové změny přístupu zákonodárce, který by měl proporcionálně zohledňovat nejen zájem společnosti, ale také každého (uměle) počatého dítěte. Problémy spojené s nízkou porodností jsou již dlouhou dobu celospolečenským tématem, které v kontextu vývoje moderních biomedicínských technologií úzce souvisí s metodami asistované reprodukce, zejména umělého oplodnění, které je v rámci diskurzu považováno za jedinou spolehlivou léčbu neplodnosti. Nehovoří se však příliš o tom, že s jeho realizací je spojeno mnoho etických a právních otázek, které souvisejí s nerespektováním integrity a důstojnosti lidského embrya. To totiž není považováno za cíl daných postupů, ale pouze jako prostředek k realizaci práva na rodinný život či rozvoj vědy, pokud se stane nadbytečným. Cílem tohoto článku bude poukázat na skutečnost, že současný právní stav v oblasti reprodukční medicíny degraduje začínající život na pouhý biologický materiál či předmět smluvního ujednání v podobě surogační dohody, aniž by mu jakožto lidské bytosti poskytoval náležitou právní ochranu. Související zákonná koncepce anonymního dárcovství navíc negativním způsobem navždy ovlivňuje společenský život a osobnostní vývoj takto počatého jedince. Za tímto účelem budeme kriticky analyzovat danou právní úpravu a poukážeme na potřebu celkové změny přístupu zákonodárce, který by měl proporcionálně zohledňovat nejen zájem společnosti, ale také každého (uměle) počatého dítěte. Problems associated with low birth rates have been a long time a societal issue which, in the context of the development of modern biomedical technologies, is closely related to methods of assisted reproduction, especially artificial insemination, which is considered in the discourse to be the only reliable treatment of infertility. However, people don´t talk too much about the fact, that it is connected to many ethical and legal questations about disrespect the integrity and dignity of the human embryo. He is not considered to be the goal of these procedures but only a means of realizing the right to family life or the development of science if he becomes redundant. The aim of this article will be to point to the fact that the current legal situation in reproductive medicine degrades an unborn child into mere biological material or the subject of a contractual arrangement in the form of a surrogate agreement without providing him with adequate legal protection. The related legal concept of anonymous donation then has negative influence on the social life and the development of identity of the individual, who was conceived by using these methods. For this purpose, we will focus our attention on critical analysis of the legislation and we will also point to the need to reconsider the current approach of the legislator, which should proportionally take into account not only the interest of the society but also of every (artificially) conceived child.

Surrogacy - abstract This master thesis deals with the phenomenon of surrogate motherhood (surrogacy) and analyses it from the point of view of Czech and British law, especially the Private law. Its main objective is to approximate to the answer to the question whether surrogacy should be entrenched in Czech law and, if so, what should the main features of such legal regulation be. In order to achieve this aim, it, firstly, focuses on the currently valid and effective Czech legislation. It is a well-known fact that, apart from the provision of § 804 of the Czech Civil Code, Czech law does not provide for surrogacy, at all. Surrogacy is, therefore, only partially regulated in some of its aspects, namely assisted reproduction, legal parenthood and adoption. Since the United Kingdom is often mentioned as one of the possible sources of inspiration for the future Czech legal regulation of surrogacy, British law concerning this phenomenon is considered in the following part of this thesis - especially in the light of the extensive case law. In particular, issues such as surrogacy arrangements, assisted reproduction, legal parenthood and transfer of legal parenthood (that is adoption and parental orders) are analysed. These are then subjected to critical assessment. In its last chapter, the thesis returns to the...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of biological and medical sciences Drahoslava Machová Supervisor: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Title of diploma tehesis: Bioethics V - Surrogate motherhood - the specifics of individual areas Background: Creating a basic overview of bioethics and its principles. Handle the issue of surrogate motherhood Institute. Main findings: In this thesis we dealt with issues of bioethics, bioethical principles and in particular the issue of surrogacy. Above all, we focused on fundamentals of bioethics, its principles and interconnection with the law. Furthermore, we describe surrogacy institute, its history and progress. Another part is devoted to the current legislation, Surrogacy in the Czech Republic and comparison with the legislation in selected countries around the world. The thesis also includes recommendations of medical ethics in the process of surrogacy. In conclusion, we have focused on the risks that may occur. Conclusions: Use of surrogate motherhood is one of the few ways infertile couple may obtain offspring. Undoubtedly it is a problem that needs to be continued to explore and modify. It is also necessary to pay great attention to the ethical, legal and psychological aspects that are associated with this institute....

(Abstract) The diploma thesis deals with the reflection of the right to know one's own origin in the Czech legal order. Knowledge of one's own origin and the right to know one's own origin constitute not only a legal but also a moral and ethical question. The right to know one's own origin (i.e. the right to know one's parents, one's biological family and one's ancestors) is one of the subjective human rights, which belongs to every natural person. This right is more or less reflected in majority of institutes of family law. The thesis analyses the most important of them and indicates how the right to know one's own origin is reflected in these institutes or it is not, although it should be. The work seeks to highlight possible shortcomings of the legislation and tries to propose possible solutions de lege ferenda. There are also stated (for the purposes of comparison) some examples of foreign legislation in cases of some legal institutes. The diploma thesis is based on the legislation effective on the 26th March 2016. It is composed of an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the right to know one's own origin and its legal regulation in the Czech Republic. It mainly discusses the international conventions that are (in compliance with the Art. 10 of the...

Keywords The thesis concerns itself with the analysis of Czech legislation currently in effect with respect to the right to know one's origin. Discussed are the contents of this right, the legislation's addressees, Article 7 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child including the reservations to it made by the Czech Republic. The affected Czech regulations and their reforms are also talked about. Attention is also given to the issue of determining one's parentage. The bulk of the thesis is made up of analyzing the issues of assisted reproduction, surrogacy, adoption, anonymized and confidential childbirths, and baby boxes in regard to protecting the right to know one's origin. The thesis aims to critically evaluate current legislation, point out its shortcomings and suggest possible future development as the right to know one's origin isn't currently being given enough attention. Some of the aforementioned institutes aren't set out in law at all, others give preference to the anonymity of the child's biological parents. Adoption has recently seen some positive development with the recodification of the civil law, however even this is an area that leaves a lot to be desired as there still are certain faults and deficiencies of the legislation. Keywords: Right to know one's origin, assisted...

The thesis focuses on the adoption possibilities for same-sex couples. The main aim is to investigate and assess which opinion is prevailing in our society. Each term related to same-sex partnerships or marriages is defined in particular theoretical parts. The subsequent chapter deals with homosexuality and family. In the empirical part, the data collected in the quantitatve survey have been analysed and interpreted. The survey has been conducted through questionnaires designated for general public as well as homosexuals.

The aim of the thesis is to define content of various aspects of parenthood as they are currently perceived and treated in the legal order of the Czech Republic. The theme is reflected in the work with regard to its historical legal developments, including the reflection of the current Czech legislation. Mentioned is also legislation in terms of international law. It often represents the direction of Czech legislation. The main idea of the domestic legislation parenthood child's interest and the protection of basic human rights. The child is seen as a specific body of legal rules with all its peculiarities and increased need for legal protection with regard to their position in society. For contemporary society, which is child-centered, that is child-centered, are issues related to the rights of the child and his relevant status and position is important to be dealt with in relation to the child as possible and thoroughly as possible. The first part is devoted to the historical and legal aspects that are associated with parenthood issues. They discussed the basic concepts, such as a child, parenthood and family. Basic contents and meanings of these terms are viewed with regard to their interdisciplinary overlap. The core of the work, which is the most attention is the issue of motherhood. This...

Establishing parentage The subject of this master thesis is the issue of establishing parentage. The thesis targets areas of establishing parenthood, issues of three legal presumptions and last but not least, parenthood denial. The question of establishing maternity is examined mainly from perspectives including surrogate maternity, assisted reproduction method and secret and anonymous delivery. All matters are reviewed based on the valid amendment to Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code that has come into effect on 1.1.2014. The goal of the thesis is it to introduce, describe and analyze the new amendment to the Family Act. Further, it aims to compare individual institutions with respect to changes made to the Family Act in the past and those made as a part of the new amendment. The thesis consists of eight key chapters. The initial chapter targets relationships among parents and their children, protection of children's legal rights as well as a child's right to know its biological origin. Following, the second and the third chapters concentrate in depth on legislation of the paternity establishment per se. While the second chapter covers the historical development of the legislation from the ancient Rome era until present, the latter chapter intends to introduce the legislation from domestic,...

The rigorous thesis deals with the determination and denial of parenthood and relevant legal regulations. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first section monitors the historical development of determining parenthood from the Roman era through modern European legal regulations to the current Czech legislation. The second part is addressed to major sources of law in terms of the determination and denial of parenthood, whereas the third one dwells on the crucial case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The fourth chapter clarifies issues related to the determination of motherhood including secret and anonymous childbirths. The fifth section engaged in assisted reproduction and surrogate motherhood is followed by the next part regarding the determination and denial of fatherhood. The seventh chapter comparing the Czech and the Slovak legal regulations comes next. The last passage mentions the relevant treatment in the New Civil Code.

Determination of Parenthood (Abstract) The determination of parenthood is undoubtedly a very topical issue. There are significant changes which are consequences of modern society approach to the family life as well as of massive progress in the field of medical science and genetics. The development in these areas has brought new concepts such as baby-boxes, assisted reproduction and surrogacy. Now it is up to the legislation to provide rules within the legal framework for these new institutions to steady parental relationships and to secure their protection as well. The aim of this thesis is to familiarize the reader with Czech legal regulation of determination of parenthood by means of its description and analysis. Another aim of the work is to compare this legal regulation with regulation in other countries, in particular in Germany and to find similarities and differences between them. Finally the thesis highlights new institutions within determination of parenthood. This thesis consists of nine chapters which deal with particular parts of its subject-matter. The opening chapter discusses the relationship between a parent and a child both theoretically and historically. Apart from that it also describes legal regulations applicable in the Czech Republic and Germany in the course of time. The second...

Determination of Parenthood Determination of parenthood is very actual topic due to the constant changes of the traditional understanding of the family and family relationships. It is primarily the development of modern medical science, biology or genetics that has brought new concepts into the issue of determination of parenthood. For example surrogacy, assisted reproduction or baby boxes. The legislation must responds to these changes in order to stabilized family relationships and to ensure their protection. The aim of this thesis is to describe and to analyze Czech legal regulation of determination of parenthood and to compare it with not only European but also global legislation. The analyse of valid legal regulation highlights questionable passages that may cause difficulties in its interpretation or practical application. The thesis is composed of nine chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of determination of parenthood. Opening chapter introduces the historical development of relationships between parents and children in Roman and European law. It focuses on legal standards applicable in our country during the period of time from the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic to the present times. Chapter Three is devoted to determination of maternity. It focuses on concealed birth,...

My thesis deals with the child's right to know his or her genetic origin. It is a universal human right guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Article 7, paragraph 1 states that every child has a right to know his or her parents, if possible. European Court of Human Rights repeatedly postulated that the right to know one's origin is an integral part of the right to respect for private and family life provided by the Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The purpose of my work is to explain on particular problems, to what extent is this right respected in the Czech Republic, in conformity with its international obligations. The text is based on valid legal status to June 21, 2011, with regard to proposed changes in the upcoming adoption of the new Civil Code. The text is systematically divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is focused in general on the right to know one's own origin in the human rights dimension. The following chapters examine particular relevant sections of family law and its imperfections. Firstly, I discuss the issue of determination and denial of parenting with an emphasis on emerging deliberate disharmony between biological and legal parenthood. Furthermore, I focus on the issue of adoption,...

This work deals with ethical aspects of surrogacy. The first part is an overview of the issues of infertility, its causes and methods of treatment. To the end of this chapter the definition and the types of surrogacy are given. The following section references to the ethical and the legal issues connected with it. Then follows the part where differently motivated stories of people whose lives have been affected by the replacement of motherhood are listed. The last section is devoted to the results of a questionnaire completed anonymously in order to seek public opinion on surrogacy. Responses obtained through questionnaires reflect the extent to which the public is informed about the replacement of surrogacy and what is the opinion on the possible legalization.

The work focuses on the issues of the market solving the human organ shortage. The market solution faces the same criticism as the commercial surrogacy. The main purpose of the work is to evaluate the commercial surrogacy system efficiency. Within the solution of this question, the work focuses first on the analysis of the arguments against a market in human organs and consequently theise objections applies to the surrogate motherhood with emphasis on the problem of adverse selection, which from an economic point of view appears to be the most serious. In the applied part the paper tests the existence of the signs of the adverse selection in the countries where payment for the surrogacy is legal. The paper leads to the conclusions, despite some specifics of the market, this solution is efficient and the market itself creates sufficient mechanisms to prevent adverse selection