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Tento příspěvek si klade za cíl osvětlit zahraničněpolitický a vnitřní bezpečnostní kontext, které přispěly k rozhodnutí zřídit zpravodajskou službu a tajnou policii, obojí začleněné do jedné všeobjímající organizace SAVAK. Příspěvek zohledňuje vliv zahraničněpolitických aktérů, zejména Spojených států amerických, na posilování schopností íránských ozbrojených sil, zejména s ohledem na specifické potřeby vyplývající z kontextu studené války 50. let. Pro pochopení situace, ve které se Írán nacházel v polovině 20. století, je také nutné stručně nastínit vývoj bezpečnostního a zejména zpravodajského aparátu v Íránu v předchozích obdobích. This paper aims to illuminate the foreign policy, and internal security context, which contributed to the decision to establish an intelligence service and a secret police, both included in one all-embracing organization, SAVAK. The paper takes into account the influence of foreign policy actors, especially the United States of America, on the strengthening of Iran's armed forces capabilities, especially with regard to the specific needs arising from the context of the Cold War in the 1950s. To understand the situation in which Iran found itself in the middle of the 20th century, it is also necessary to provide a brief outline of the development of the security and, in particular, intelligence apparatus in Iran in previous periods.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the topic of Poland-United States bilateral relations, the form of which results, among other things, from the geographical location and historical experience of Poland. This bilateral cooperation has a major impact on events in the region, making it a very relevant topic to explore in the light of current developments on the international scene. The work is conducted in the form of a case study and its purpose is to analyse the dynamics of Poland-United States cooperation, while the basic premise of the research is the asymmetric form of Polish-U.S. bilateral relations. The aim is to point out that relations between Warsaw and Washington are, by their development and current form, based on consensus rather than coercion from the position of a stronger partner. Glenn H. Snyder's alliance security dilemma is used in this work to analyse the dynamics, too. Due to the conceptualization of strategic culture as a context of strategic behaviour, the work also provides a relatively detailed insight into Polish strategic culture, which serves as a tool for better understanding of Polish foreign policy, security priorities and thus motivation to maintain significant relations with the United States. It is precisely the form of these relations that opens the opportunity...

Even after achieving its goals, i.e. the entrance of member states into NATO and the EU, the Visegrad Group has managed to profile itself as a significant collective actor. Analyses to date clearly show that the group is able to function as a distinct and even key actor in various policies, including those within the EU; this statement is without doubt valid primarily for the region of the European neighborhood policy and the Eastern partnership, but also for enlargement policy and its clear targeting of the Western Balkans. We can also observe a highly proactive approach in issues linked to security, primarily in the energy sector and recently also cyber security. Nonetheless, all of these and many other significant V4 activities have been overshadowed of late by dispute between the group and a significant portion of members states on perspectives regarding the migration crisis including the tools to deal with it or preventive measures to prevent it from continuing or repeating. This stance on the issue, however, can be seen as proof of the relative power and success of the V4.

The European Union is interested in ensuring the security of African countries in the region of Sahel because some of the threats originating from this region can potentially endanger its member states. With the deteriorating situation in northern Mali, the EU has decided to become more active in this country through Common Security and Defence Policy missions. The aim of this article is to introduce and subsequently assess the contemporary policy of EU in Mali. Particular attention will be paid to the European Union Training Mission in Mali and European Union Capacity Building Mission in Mali, which have so far produced rather mixed results. The article will also focus on the EU strategy in the Sahel region and partly on the EU counterterrorist and counterinsurgency activities in Mali.

Spojené státy americké zařadily v roce 2019 Íránské revoluční gardy na seznam „zahraničních teroristických organizací“. Článek analyzuje důsledky tohoto kroku. Text v úvodu představuje Gardy a upozorňuje na odlišnosti oproti „klasickým“ teroristickým organizacím. Cílem stěžejní části textu je analýza amerických kroků a popis dopadů z toho plynoucích. Práce dochází k závěru, že legální důsledky zařazení Gard na seznam „zahraničních teroristických organizací“ jsou minimální, avšak praktický dopad tohoto kroku byl značný. Byly též zjištěny souvislosti mezi zařazením Gard na tento seznam a novou americkou strategií „maximálního tlaku“ vůči Íránu. United states of America classified from 2019 Iranian revolution guards as “foreign terrorist organisation”. Article analyses consequences of this step. Text in the introduction presents Guards and highlights the differences between this organization and “classical” terrorist organization. Goal of the main part of text is to analyze American steps and finds consequences resulting from it. This work concluded that though legal consequences of putting Guards on the list of “foreign terrorist organization” are small, on the other hand its practical impacts are huge. There was also found link between putting Guards on this list and new American strategy of “maximal pressure” against Iran

The crisis in Ukraine, that broke out in 2013 and escalated in 2014, has led to sanction policy and the emergence of significant political divergences between Russian Federation and the West. This has resulted in an intensification of Russia’s foreign and economic policy alliances with its neighboring countries as well as with the rest of the BRICS members. In his interview with Cuba’s Prensa Latina, Vladimir Putin further classified cooperation with Latin American states as one of the key and very promising lines of Russia’s foreign policy. In light of the above mentioned developments, this paper addresses the Latin American vector of Russian foreign policy using the example of Russian-Venezuelan partnership, which has been intensified after 2004. It explores the underlying key elements of this partnership based on realist and constructivist assumptions and is aimed at outlining foreign policy identities, perceptions and interests constitutive for the cooperation between the two countries. The author concludes, that the cooperation is based both on realist and constructivist elements, whereas Russian interests are mainly realist and Venezuelan constructivist, and that fact could hinder long-lasting and both-way beneficial bilateral collaboration.

Jan Beneš Strategic Culture of the Czech Republic Abstract The aim of the dissertation is to define in a complex manner the strategic culture of the Czech Republic. Strategic culture is at first analysed as a conceptual phenomenon both in relation to strategy itself and to the theories of international relations. The dissertation introduces the different streams of thought about strategic culture and then studies the approaches of the key involved authors with a special focus on the discussion between the first and the third generation of strategic culture scholars. Concerning the fact that the strategic culture has been originally created for the study of the behaviour and strategic thought of major powers, the author analyses the historical and geostrategic peculiarities of a small state in the Central Europe and then defines own conceptual and methodological framework. Using the method of grounded theory, the important symbols and narratives from the Czech history as well as the most important moments in the Czech political and strategic thought and decision-making are being examined. The historical narratives re-appear and influence the decision-making, thinking and argumentation of the key actors in the Czech security community. The research of the key decisions and historical moments after the 1989 is...

This thesis verifies a statement that the specific Swedish security policy of military non- alignment, reformulated from a policy of neutrality after the end of the Cold War, was compatible with Sweden's involvement in the European integration structures between 1990 and 2009. Compatibility is assessed based on a definition of military non-alignment, consisting of a general condition of non-participation in military alliances, or in other words the non- existence of mutual security guarantees, as well as two specific Swedish conditions, independent foreign policy and resistance to common defence. Regarding independent foreign policy, EU's CFSP retained unanimous decisions about basic outline and did not violate Sweden's independence in this field. Concerning resistance to common defence, CSDP did not lead to mutual security guarantees or a unified army. Even further away from this is NATO's Partnership for Peace programme. Solidarity Declaration and Lisbon Treaty constituted a threat to Sweden's military non-alignment, yet the country insisted it decided about the military assistance to other countries on its own. Nordic and Nordic-Baltic defence cooperation did not endanger Sweden's specific policy. Instead, it proved that the functional approach to security policy, applied by Nordic countries, is...

The aim of the thesis is to examine the aspects and benefits of neutrality for both Sweden and the international community, to look for the causes of its current changing and problematic situation and to identify the opportunities it still offers. The text therefore answers these research questions: What was the contribution of neutrality to Sweden's security policy in the 20th century? What was the contribution of Swedish neutrality to the international community in the 20th century? What has changed and how that, since the end of the Cold War, Swedish neutrality has been transformed? What opportunities does Swedish security policy offer today? In accordance with the aims and questions, the topic is elaborated as an historical interpretive (and explanatory) and literature-assessing dissertation. Its first part (chapter 1) is a conceptual analysis and a state of the art review of the wider context of the topic. The second part (chapters 2 and 3) is a qualitative single case study. As to theory, the thesis draws from liberalism, constructivism and the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. The changes in (international) security and Swedish security policy and neutrality are interpreted in the context of globalisation processes. The text identifies two notions of security - military and open/liberal, which it links to two dimensions of political neutrality - realistic and idealistic and, by applying them, answers the questions asked. It concludes that the Swedish security policy or neutrality has been and is primarily about finding effective and legitimate alternatives and ways to implement them in a transforming, complex and uncertain world.

This diploma thesis examines the process of preparation and implementation of a security policy as a means of information asset security management. The theoretical part describes security policies as an important part of information security management systems in a company and discusses the issue of virtual teams in terms of safety risks they pose for information security. This theoretical knowledge is applied in the practical part of the thesis where a security policy is composed for a small IT company with virtual team organization.

The aim of this diploma is description of the design of information security management system for the company implementing the international standards ISO/IEC 27000. The theoretical part deals with standards of ISO/IEC 27000 as well as practical guide for im-plementation into the information security management system in the company. Following part describes the current status of the security status of the company. The practical part analyzes the data collected from previous part on the basis of which is a copy of the draft introduction of information security management system in the company.

This bachelor thesis deals with the development and analyses security policy in Europe in the years 1924 - 1925 afterwards and its reflection in Czechoslovakia. The author primarily focus on contemporary acceptance of the results of the conference in Locarno. During the research, which has the ambition to contribute to the current stage of research of the issue, I have used both editions of sources and archive materials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. The aim is not only to chart a reflection of the Locarno treaty system in Czechoslovakia, but also to evaluate the implications of this change in the European security architecture to foreign policy and security status of Czechoslovakia. Key words: Security Policy, Geneva Protocol, Locarno Treaties, Arbitration Treaties, Czechoslovakia

The thesis is focused on the Czech act no. 181/2014 Sb., on cyber security and subsequent regulations, introduces origin and importance of act, defines the state administration´s office which identifies important information systems according to regulations, and subsequently thesis detailed analyses act and regulation on cyber security in relation to the defined state administration´s office. Keynote of this thesis is show the real application of identified obligations of the act and regulation to the defined state administration´s office, especially a design, implementation and management of organizational and technical security measures, including the evaluation of real impact on information security. To achieve the set goals author of this thesis uses the analysis of legislation, and draws own conclusions from author´s position of a security technologist who actively participated in the design security policy, and implementation and management of security tools. The benefit of this thesis is complex overview of the security employees work at defined state administration´s office, overview of the real fulfilment obligations of the act and regulation of cybernetic security, and ultimately this thesis brings ideas for further development of technical security tools. This thesis can brings benefit to other important information systems administrators as a set of processes, proposals and recommendation for their own information security management system. This thesis is structurally divided into four main parts. The first theoretical part introduces origin, importance and impact of the act on state and private organizations. The second analytical part analyses act and subsequent regulations in relation to the defined state administration´s office. The third practical part shows the real application of organizational and technical security measures. The fourth last part evaluates the real impact of measures on information security.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the preparedness of an information security management system (ISMS) in a logistic company JASA s.r.o. for a certification by standard ISO/IEC 27001:2013. This enterprise oscillates between small and medium enterprise. It has already implemented the certificate on quality management ISO 9001:2008. For this reason, in the thesis there are presented advantages for a company that already has implemented one of ISO standards and decides to implement another. First of all, the present state of information security management system in Jasa s.r.o was compared to other businesses functioning in the Czech and European market. Then the company control environment was evaluated accordingly to the requirements of standard ISO/IEC 27001:2013. Furthermore, a scheme was created in order to evaluate specific controls based on the impact risk that could arise in case of ignoring the suggested recommendations. In the last part, the controls were evaluated accordingly to difficulty, so that the company can find cheap and fast solutions with adequate impact. The main contribution of the thesis is the evaluation of the approach to solve information security in one of many enterprises that are afraid or are starting to notice the increasing amount of security threats. This approach may be chosen by other companies that decide to go the similar way.

Bachelor thesis The Role of Portugal in the Security Policy of the United States of America (1943-1949) analyses the relationship between United States of America and Portugal during second world war and in following postwar period. Portugal in wartime Europe defined itself as a neutral state. Salazar's cautious foreign policy deceived either Great Britain and Germany. Great Britain was seen by Salazar as naval world power and traditional ally. Germany in Salazar's view was powerful state capable of confront the Soviet threat in the middle Europe. Western allies since the war began has shown the interest of the geostrategic significant Azores Islands. Salazar's major focus was to keep his country neutral, as he rejected to lend the army bases at the Azores Islands to the Western Allies. At the end of the war, when the German defeat was evident, Salazar allowed to use and lent the bases at the Azores to USA. Portugal became valuable partner in the security policy of the USA. Its role gained the importance even after the second world war, when the democratic values were in threat by the Soviet union. The establishment of the NATO was reaction on this particular menace, and one of the founder member of this alliance was Portugal as well as USA.

The subject of this thesis is the security policy of the USA towards China during the presidency of Barack Obama. The aim of this thesis is to contrast this policy with the neorealist school of International Relations and analyse its impact on US-China political and military relations. The thesis uses the National Security Strategy of 2010 and 2015, other governmental policy announcements, and puslished works of former advisors and experts.

This bachelor thesis Duplication of rapid reaction forces: NATO and EU aims to clarify whether the NATO Response Forces and the European Union's EU Battlegroups are identical or not. After the Cold War ended these the two organizations began with the building of its own rapidly deployable military forces and because membership states are almost overlapping, the question arises, why should those states allocate their resources to identical concepts. Thesis first describes the change of security environment and the threats that result from them for NATO and the EU. These dangers have both actors responded by adopting a series of documents that defines the tools for their management and which demonstrated the need for rapid response forces. In subsequent chapters thesis describes the creation of both units and compared their essential characteristics and capabilities. Also is explained how these two organizations are fighting against duplication. The last chapter shows on the example of the Czech Republic (which is a member of NATO and the EU) how a member state deals with the force contribution to both concepts and whether Czechs consider them as duplicative. At the end of the thesis author claims that NATO Response Forces and EU Battlegroups are not identical, because they differ in various aspects. Powered...

This thesis deals with the foreign and security policy of the United States of America towards Western Europe between 1945-1950. One of the main objectives is the analysis of the importance and role of Western Europe (mainly Great Britain, France, the countries of Benelux and Italy) in the security policy of the United States of Americe from the end of the Second World War to the outbreak of the Korean War. The thesis will not forget to mention why the United States became actively involved in the matter of European security after the Second World War. Furthermore, the thesis will focus on the beginnings of NATO and various problems connected to its actions between 1949-1950. Moreover, the discussed issue will be put into a larger context of the political development in post-war Western Europe and the approaching Cold War.

The subject of the bachelor thesis is the relations between Kaliningrad oblast and the European union. Theoretical part presents typology of enclaves, the ways of their formation and historical waves of such formation. After that the bachelor thesis is dedicated to analysis of economic and social potential of Kaliningrad oblast, which is caused by its exclave position and neighbourhood with European countries. Theoretical part is also devoted to limitations of the region caused by isolation of the Russian federation. Practical part is focused on the relations between the European union and Kaliningrad oblast. The main focus is on the international trade, security policy, cross-border cooperation of Kaliningrad oblast with European counties. Practical part is also devoted to analysis of the Northern dimension project and the future development of the region.

In 2014 The Russian Federation has become, according to The Ukraine Crisis, an object of the economic sanctions implement ion. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of impacts of the sanctions based on the theoretical prepositions and historical examples from praxis. The first part of the thesis describes the theoretical basis, history of sanction restrictions and their implementation by OSN and EU. The second part of the thesis is focused on the real-life examples of the implementation of the economic sanctions. The detailed analysis of the Russian case is followed by the evaluation of the impacts on international, political and trade relations with The European Union and the Czech Republic. Then the formed and future cost for The Russian Federation, European Union and The Czech Republic are evaluated as well.

The thesis deals with the topic of the Bulgarian foreign and security policy in the post-communist era. The theoretical part is focused on the neo-realistic concept of security, as well as the terms security policy and the matters regarding the alliance formation. In the context of European post-socialist countries and their integration with the European and Trans-Atlantic alliances, Bulgaria occupies, due to the traditional historically justified warm relations to Russia, a unique position. Another important component of this unique process is the balkanization of the Bulgarian foreign policy which concentrated on the relations with the neighboring countries -- Greece, Turkey, Romania, Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia -- at the expense of the westernization. Therefore, the attitude towards the neighbors and the relations to them with regard to their respective historical and cultural background are included as well. Only after taking into account the Balkan circumstances it is possible to study the process of the Bulgarian voyage to the full membership in NATO and the revision of the Bulgarian doctrinal documents connected with it. The thesis closes with a thorough analysis of the Bulgarian participation in out-of-area operations in Cambodia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq including in addition to general information about these missions themselves.

The goal of this work is creation of SELinux security policy for selected application. To achieve this goal is this work divided to several parts. The first part is presentation of basic security principles, on which SELinux is based and then presentation of structure of the SELinux itself. The second part is analysis of the degree of support of SELinux in some selected, user favorite, distributions of Linux. In the last part is, on the specific application, presented process of creation of SELinux security policy. Specifically, remaking of document browser Evince into secure browser of untrusted documents. The contribution of this work is to create a working policy for application Evince for GNOME user environment and mapping the extent of SELinux support in selected Linux distributions.

The bachelor thesis "Soviet-Indian relations in 1964-1982" examines the development of relations between India and the Soviet Union during the period of their closest cooperation. The two countries were to found the highest extent of common interests and consensus in the field of foreign policy in that time and there was also intense economic cooperation. The alignment of common interests was sealed in the conclusion of the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in 1971. The Soviet Union saw its relationship with India as a basis for his strategy of containing China's influence in Asia, but alliance with India was also important in terms of establishing its global supremacy over the United States. For India the Soviet Union represented source of funds for its modernization and in alliance with the Soviet Union it also sought to ensure its security position vis a vis their enemies Pakistan and also China. India wanted to preserve its independent position so it maintained ties to the United States a engaged in the non-aligned movement. Since the Soviet efforts aimed at establishing the system of collective security in Asia were contrary to the India's quest for achieving a leading position in the region, it did not give any support to its ally in this respect. A mutual understanding and both-sided...

This work focuses on approach of security policy toward foreign missions and interventions. I focused on the application of the theory of comparative analysis in the social sciences . The aim of this work is to analyze the development of security policies in Canada and the Czech Republic in relation to the ISAF mission in Afghanistan. Across-case comparative research metho emphasising the contrast of context separated the timeline of my work into two period: 2001-2006 and 2006-2014 . This paper examines the official positions of the Government of Canada and the Czech Republic as different context's members within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . The data I worked with using techniques text-by-text, completed by point-by-point scheme. The idea is to demonstrate motivation of the States before joining the ISAF mission (2001) and the current reflection of the so-called exit strategy - only the Canadian ISAF mission has been terminated.. The result of this work is to understand the formation of security policy in the country from the Old continent as a new member of the NATO and long-term Alliance's member with different geographical and political environment. Different internal political developments in both countries had an influence on the shift in the priorities of the foreign.security...

This thesis deals primarily with Australia and New Zealand within ANZUS. Using theoretical concept intra-alliance opposition, more precisely opposition for autonomy it compares factors which influenced different behavior of the members. New Zealand occupied opposition for autonomy against U. S. in 1980s, while Australia remained in conformal relationship guaranteeing security benefits. Factors, which could influence members, given by this thesis are foreign-policy, domestic-policy and system factors. Thesis examines evolution of member's bilateral relations with U. S. from mid 1980s and presents contemporary cooperation frame.

The bachelor thesis deals with the transformation of the Swedish foreign and security policy at the turn of 1980s and 1990s. The main object is to examine the impact of geopolitical changes upon the transformation and reveal new (especially internal) influences which are usually overlooked at the expense of the end of the Cold War. Furthermore, the thesis will concentrate on the Swedish neutrality and its development. The thesis is a case study. The theoretical concept is based on the foreign policy analysis. Several levels of analysis are distinguished - the external (systemic) and the internal (the public, social groups, the government, particular individuals). The levels are examined individually and different theoretical approaches are applied to them. Finally, new findings are merged. The approach to the neutrality is derived from international law and international relations. The thesis concludes that the main transformation of the foreign and security policy led to the Swedish accession to the EU and to the reassessment of the policy of the non- engagement. It was primarily caused by the end of the Cold War but there were also other important influences, for example the Swedish economic crisis, the new non-socialist government and the new prime minister Carl Bildt. On the other hand, the...

The thesis analyses Austrian security policy after 1989. After the end of Cold war new possibilities appeared which changed the concept of neutrality and opened door to new opportunities regarding cooperation, for example in a field of security and crisis management. Apart of this, security threats changed and forced Austria to modify its doctrine of neutrality. Membership in the European Union or in an Eastern Partnership gave new perspectives to the Austrian involvement. Contemporary collaboration with Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe remained if not increased. Home political debate about being a member of EU and NATO showed its limits in a sense that neutrality is still something very essential to Austrian national identity. The next reason for Austria being neutral is simply that does not possess infinite amount of finance or human resources which would let domestic political elite change perception about their state neutrality.

In recent years, Japan has shifted its security policy towards something we could call an "active pacifism". It can be noted for an increasing engagement of Japan Self-Defense Forces in multilateral operations and an effort to assume a position of a responsible member of the international community and an ally of the USA regarding the keeping of peace and security not only in the region, but also in a global scope. If Japan is, however, an actor whose goal is the maximisation of its own security, the exacerbation of its Self-Defense Forces could be perceived negatively by its neighbour states and its impacts could thus be counterproductive. The thesis applies the theoretical movement of defensive realism on this issue and on its basis, it evaluates the rationality of Japanese security policy, especially of active pacifism.

Diploma thesis abstract Diploma thesis "The Administration of State Material Reserves - Roles and Competences in the Public Sector" deals with this central government body in structure of the Czech public administration and security system. The first part of diploma thesis describes responsibility of the Administration of State Material Reserves and its transformation in regard of legal and security threats changes. This central government body is responsible for economic measures in crisis situations, state material reserves and oil security. Activities of the Administration of State Material Reserves are financed from public sources and diploma thesis deals with role of this government body in budget process. The Administration of State Material Reserves is compared with analogous institution in Slovakia and Poland. The second, analytical part deals with management conceptions, plans and methodologies of the Administration of State Material Reserves. In diploma thesis is evaluated Act No. 97/1993 on competence of the Administration of State Material Reserves. The influence of main actors is analysed too. Diploma thesis compares budget indicators of the Administration of State Material Reserves with selected relevant state budget chapters: the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of the Interior and the State...

The presented bachelor thesis discusses the Útvar rychlého nasazení (URN) - Rapid Response Unit of the Czech Police as a specific counterterrorist unit. The main aim of this thesis is to describe the position of the unit in the context of Czech strategic interests, as well as give an in-depth analysis of the meaning of this special force with reference to the social contract - the Czech Constitution. Firstly a model of innovative terrorism and a terrorist was developed, followed by the development of an anti-model of antiterrorism and an antiterrorist. The relationship between those opposite models is then described along with their implications. Based on the aforementioned research, a dynamic model was created which was used to carry out qualitative research with members of the URN in order to test the model. Various interviews, participatory observations and consultations were used to collect data. Based on an analysis of the results, the need for implementing an innovative mechanism of counterterrorism measurements and policies is recommended. Key words: Útvar rychlého nasazení; Rapid Response Unit; URN; URNA; terrorism; political violence; counterterrorism; antiterrorism; special forces; counterterrorist force; terrorist; antiterrorist; Czech Republic; security policy; security system; Iraq;...

The bachelor thesis deals with the nature of fight against terrorism of Barack Obama's government. Its objective is to verify the main hypothesis which says: "The transformation of war against terrorism, after Barack Obama acceded to the office, has got characteristics of Strategy of Containment as perceived by Ian Shapiro." Verification process will be done by comparing modern Strategy of Containment by Ian Shapiro to american strategy of war with terrorism, exercised by Barack Obama's Administration after his accession to the office in January 2009. In Obama's strategy of war against terrorism this paper will look for modern outlines of the containment doctrine and consequently it will evaluate Obama's strategy and concept of national security from this perspective as whole.

Resumé Studie transformace německého multilateralismu v zahraniční politice pomocí jednotlivých případových studií ukázala, že se pro jednotlivá období dají vysledovat jasné tendence, které odpovídají jednotlivým konceptualizacím multilateralismu. Ačkoli se změnily zahraničněpolitické priority a multilateralismus získal nové rozměry, nelze mluvit o hegemonizaci či unilateralizaci německé politiky. V devadesátých letech se Německo pomalu normalizovalo a prolomilo některá tabu typická pro minulá desetiletí. Zahraniční a bezpečnostní politika však byla stále postavená na desítky let replikované identitě a na pacifistických hodnotách. Tato tendence odpovídá reflexivnímu multilateralismu. V dalším období se německá vláda emancipovala tím, že začala zdůrazňovat své vlastní zájmy, nezalekla se odmítnout účast na operaci, jež neměla souhlas OSN, ani izolace. Vztah vůči USA ochladl a SRN kladla důraz na bilaterální spojenectví s Francií. Evropská integrace již nebyla povinností, ale stala se spíše dobrovolnou záležitostí. Toto naplňování nově nalezených zájmů svědčí o instrumentálním pojetí multilateralismu. V dalším období se nová vláda velké koalice snažila obnovit důvěru v SRN a oživit evropský integrační projekt. Vláda se účastnila mise v Kongu, kde převzala dokonce velení, a postupně plnila své závazky v rámci...

The aim of this diploma thesis is to answer the question why the crisis caused by the Chechen struggle for independence gradually escalated into war, while the rest of North Caucasus remained relatively calm, despite the predictions of many authors. Also to determine to whether extend the repetition of Chechen scenario is nowadays possible. Or in other words what are the odds that a new ethnopolitical conflict will erupt in some other Muslim autonomous republic in the North Caucasus. The answers to these questions are sought via factors causing the emergence of ethnic conflict, as were defined by Svante E. Cornell in his book Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus - Cases in Georgia. These factors are continually confronted with empirical data, which are provided by the case study of Chechen conflict in the first part of the thesis. Presence or absence of those factors in other Muslim autonomous republics is examined by method of Process Tracing. The data obtained are then processed quantitatively, in the way that presence or absence of the factor in question by a certain score.

The work is a case study that focuses on the attitude of the Czech Republic towards security and defence dimension of the European Union. It focuses on the context of European security and defence policy. It gives a detailed insight into the system formed by the European institutions, their powers and decisions on the one hand and Member States on the other. Within this context, formulates four major issues that the European security and defence policy reflected in the security policy of the Member States. The study focuses and examines the most significant of these problems, and probes whether and how these problems appear in the attitudes of the actors of the Czech security policy. Key words: European Union, Common Security and Defence Policy, Czech Republic, security policy