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In recent decades many changes have been adopted in the fungal nomenclature, including the names of yeasts, to achieve a more natural and uniform systematics. The use of one correct name is essential for communication, the search for new knowledge, research studies or business purposes not only in the brewing branch. Nevertheless, how can such rapid progress be followed? The paper attempted to briefly explain the reasons for immense changes that have occurred in the taxonomic and nomenclatural system mainly as a result of modern molecular findings. The process of reclassification is demonstrated on a group of selected contaminants currently detected in Czech beers or breweries. This article presents several online databases that document the ongoing changes and make it easy for experts from various fields to find valid names.

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Hellers of Ferdinand I of Habsburg (1526–1564) haven’t been studied in complexity yet as they would deserve and their detailed typology taking in account the relative chronology of these small coins has thus not been elaborated yet. This nominal has been paid attention rather marginally in a broader context (e.g. in the context of groschen or Habsburgian coins). The often non-critical takeover of unverified or fictitious types and variants of Ferdinand’s hellers from older works has also played a negative role in up to now studies. The presented typology takes into account the gradual evolution of letters and stamps used for the creation of dies. When possible, engraver’s workshops or individual die-sinkers are discussed. A critical revision of all up to now described types and variants is part of the study; improbable, unverifiable or evidently wrongly mentioned items that couldn’t be unequivocally confirmed are not included to the typology. Parallelly, the origin of the wrong or unprecise information is being discussed and elucidated, as well as the probable reason of the existence of wrong records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin tabellae deixionum represent a special kind of epigraphic documents, the interpretation of which -- as is well known -- is often rather difficult. What complicates their understanding is the fact that the surviving texts are in many cases damaged or even fragmentary and contain many errors, depending on the education level of the writers who, in addition, used their imagination to produce their own variants and modifications of the current curse formulas. Therefore, it is necessary for the researcher to overcome the problems of text reconstruction caused by the lacuns as well as the exegetic problems concerning the specific and often rather strange wishes of the cursing persons. Many of these texts found either at the beginning of the 19th century or recently, require a new general reinterpretation. This paper presents new proposals and revisions of several curse tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]