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Unlabelled: Endocrinal products of adipocytes (PPARgamma, A-FABP, E-FABP, leptin, adiponectin and others) modulate insulin tissue sensitivity enabling them to participate in the ethiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T). Persons with DM2T are characterised by typical changes in lipid spectrum (lower HDL-cholesterol and higherTAG) and in the endocrinal function of subcutaneous adipose tissue; adipocytes produce more PPARgamma, A-FABP and E-FABP and less adiponectin., Aims of the Study: To measure chosen markers of metabolic syndrome (MS) in serum and in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy persons and patients with DMT2, to determine basic statistical characteristics of investigated parameters and to discus their role in the genesis and progress of the MS., Methods: Samples of blood and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected from each participant (healthy: 7 men and 8 women; diabetics: 18 men, 11 women) to investigate the levels of HDL, TAG, insulin, C-peptide, glycaemia and the concentrations of A-FABP, E-FABP, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, PPARgamma and TNFalpha., Results: In most cases the average concentration of investigated parameters in serum was higher in persons with DM 2 regardless of gender. Lower values were only found for HDL and adiponectin. The same situation prevailed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Values of most other parameters (A-FABP, E-FABP, and PPARgamma) were also higher in patients. The values of measured parameters not only differed in healthy and in sick persons but depended on gender. The increase/decrease in concrete parameters was greater in diabetic women than diabetic men., Conclusion: Higher concentrations of A-FABP, E-FABP in serum and in subcutaneous adipose tissue in diabetic persons also higher concentrations of PPARgamma in subcutaneous adipose tissue suggest that these investigated parameters are closely associated with obesity and MS. We can assume that in the near future these parameters will be used in clinical work for diagnosis of this syndrome.

The neural system, responsible for language comprehension, must quickly process and integrate a large amount of heterogenous linguistic data. There is no appropriate and generally acceptable description of the architecture of this system. This means that no model of language processing is available that will allow, without problems, to interpret the wide range of disorders of language functions in neurological patients with focal lesions and explain the no less inconsistent results of experiments dealing with various aspects of language processing both in healthy people and in patients. In this paper are summed up the main findings from works of several authors who with electrophysiological recording techniques and metabolic imaging techniques (PET and MRI) sought answers to the question "where" and "how" in the brain are processed open class words and closed class words, nouns and verbs, or perhaps what is the temporal co-ordination and laterality of semantic and syntactic processes in language processing. The frequent contradictions in the findings, which a reader may quickly discover, are probably due to the design of the experiment, the properties of the stimulus applied, the type of the task to be solved during the experiment by its participants. In patients it may be also due to the accuracy of the determination of the anatomical localization and the extent of the lesions in nervous structures. In this context, however, it is necessary to be reminded that applied methods have their strong as well as weak points. Metabolic imaging techniques reliably inform of the exact localization of metabolically active brain structures, but they only give a rough picture of temporal dynamics of brain processes. On the other hand, electrophysiological techniques reflect precisely the temporal dynamics of neuronal activation near the recording electrode, but they say little about the activity of neuronal assemblies in areas remote from the site of registration.

The paper describes the use of PC in laboratory courses in physiology for the simulation of animal experiments or for simulation of behaviour of some functional systems of an organism in various experimental situation. It presents simple and non expensive system enabling to a large group of students (up to 24) to follow simultaneously on their monitors the course and results of the computer simulation.

A computer with an appropriate software may greatly contribute to the understanding of relationships and interactions among physiological processes in the body and thus to influence the speed and effectiveness of learning. Presented computer model "The Internal Environment", briefly described in this paper, illustrates this fact. This model allows to simulate behavior of some functional systems in various experimental situations. The subsequent evaluation of the activity changes in these systems can help students to understand and interpret principles of the activity of the homeostatic mechanisms. That is why the computer simulation is an appropriate starting point at seminars where problems of the internal environment stability maintenance are to be discussed.