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Copyright of Czech & Slovak Social Work / Sociální Práce / Sociálna Práca is the property of Czech & Slovak Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Media4u Magazine is the property of Ing. Jan Chromy, Ph.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main aim of the thesis is the typology of conflicts between the Greek Catholic and Orthodox Church during normalization. After the restoration of Catholic Church's Byzantine Rite in 1968, the compromise between Greek Catholic and Orthodox Church did not come respectively an agreement on the division of assets, their property and legal relations got worse or even more. These relations resulted mainly in local conflicts that could be broadly classified according to the nature as the violent and non-violent. The first group were mainly incidents that started first with verbal insults, later grew into a disturbing personal domicile, and in some cases have resulted in bodily injury or even death. The second group included contradictions rather of peaceful nature (political and personal character). We dare to say that the contribution as the first of its kind focuses on the religious conflicts which are even more classified by nature. Novelty in this case is probing into the typology of conflict between the various confessions from the sixties to the nineties of 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safe and economically undemanding walk requires a correct function of the foot. The evaluation of the foot condition and determination of the relations among selected mechanic parameters of the foot should be therefore performed already from the preschool age. The basic biomechanics methods, which serve in the analysis of the foot load include the use of pressure plates. In evaluating the position and load of the foot in walking we must consider relations among individual segments of the foot and their relation to other segments of lower extremity. The study encompassed 44 children (mean age 5.15 ± 1.45 year) evaluated for the position of the posterior hindfoot against shank and the position of forefoot to hindfoot in resting position and during walk. For measurement of the foot load in contact with the pad, the authors used a 2m pressure plate footscan. In the observed group of children, the static heel valgosity prevailed, followed by neutral position of the hindfoot in combination with the varous forefoot. The deviation of the foot axis medially in relation to the direction of motion proved to be more frequent in children with static heel valgosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the topic of Czech 19th century book calendars. It is a summary from a doctoral thesis defended at the Institute of Information Science and Librarianship at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in November 2011. The aim of this article is to provide readers with the basic information about the typology of book calendars, the publishing process and the most important calendar producers. Editing a calendar required cooperation of an author and publisher or editor with censors and calendar commission. Book calendars were produced by most prominent publishing houses and by many clubs and societies. From this point of view calendars can be divided into three groups - calendars published by members of certain professions, calendars of certain professions published by publishing houses and general type of calendars - each group had some specific features. The article also describes the most common typographical schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is dedicated to development of the Olomouc bishop's seals in period between 1351 and 1457 with emphasis on their iconography. From the artistic point of view the analysed seals from above stated period represent the highest quality. In the same period we can notice significant transformation of typology of used matrixes. The study shows that those changes in some cases reflect the period mentality. The authors of the article also mention reasons that could motivate the individual bishops to choose the particular iconographic type. In that sense the authors further on analyse the basic iconographic motifs. The catalogue of the Episcopal seals represents the core of the study as well as the description of the official Coat of arms evolution till the end of the 15th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of a librarian and information professional should be to meet the information needs of library patrons and information users. The methodology of working with a patron is determined by his affiliation to a certain category. Categorization of patrons is well known and well described in literature. Conversely, the typology of social networks users is not firmly established, furthermore the methods of working with such a user are not firmly established either. The comparison of the categorization of patrons and typology of social networks users is now gaining more importance in a time when we see the expansion of social networks and growth in their usage for promotion and marketing of organizations. There are many initiatives that try to gather and utilize information about users of social networks. It is vitally important for libraries to sort, unite and efficiently use this kind of information. The choice of form and method of working with patrons in a library and even with social networks users is determined by the overall maturity and level of man as an individual in a cultural society. People who do not participate in social networks may feel inferior or even handicapped in some way and may also be seen as such by the active users of social networks. When we join the group of library patrons with the group of social networks users, we get an important group of users that deserves our focus. We need to know them better in order to satisfy their information needs. It is necessary to connect the categorization of library patrons with the typology of users of social networks so that we can better understand their information needs problems and interests. The article primarily uses current typologies of web users, internet users, social media and social networks users. A good example of such typology is a study presented by Digital Life or typology created by Forresteer Research (Social Media Census), which focuses on research of social networks users. This article also considers the research done by British-American team led by D. White in addition to other literature. When comparing the typologies it is necessary to bear in mind that the users of social networks are aging and their needs are changing. The goal of this article was to explore presented typologies of social networks users and categorization of patrons and to compare them. As a result of this comparison a need to create a new typology for library patrons, is recognized. The current typology of patrons is still suitable for the traditional (paper) environment, but does not suit well in electronic environment. The new typology should take in account the needs of "resident"-like users. The article offers a survey into current literature and outline of new typology of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about results of our intention to find out the relationships between individualism and nonclinical narcissism. Pursuing this intention, we researched a representative sample of Czech population (n=1081) using the scales of individualism and collectivism (INDCOL, Singelis, Triandis) and narcissism (Bartoš). INDCOL scale includes in total four sub-dimensions - orientation on cooperativeness, duty, competitiveness and uniqueness. The forth mentioned dimension is not understood by Czech population uniformly, that is why we extended the four dimensional typology by the factor of independence. All five factors of individualism and collectivism together explain 50% of the variance, Chronbach's a = 0,77. The basis of this theoretical conception INDCOL was supported by the statistic method of multidimensional scaling. As a limitation of reached model could be seen its higher rate of deformation (Stress=0,103) and lower correlation between the original and transformed distances (RSQ=0,939). Czech population is in its psycho-social setting markedly orientated to collectives. For Czechs is also more characteristic orientation on equalitarianism, than respecting of inequality. Collectivistically orientated people are represented more often by older people and by people with lower living standards. On the contrary individualistically orientated people are more often younger, people with higher education and people economically well situated. As the research proves, the individualism often concurs with nonclinical narcissism in the population. The nonclinical narcissism correlates mostly with competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs readers about the construction of a test of narcissism and associated phenomena. The author developed a scale based on a definition from the American Psychiatric Association (DSM IV-TR) and it is intended for use in standardised sociological surveys of non-clinical populations. The author tested it in two surveys: a pilot survey (N=141, snowball sampling) and in a representative survey of the Czech Republic (N=1081, quota sampling). The resulting parameters (17 items, the common factor exhausts 47% of the variance, Cronbach's a = 0,926) indicate that the test is more reliable than other instruments used to date (NPI, NPI-16) and owing to its smaller scope is also easy to use in questionnaire surveys. Intensive questioning confirmed the scale's validity and produced results that correspond with the findings of psychologists focusing on this issue. The author inductively arrived at an auxiliary typology of narcissism. In the text he distinguishes between voluntary and involuntary narcissists, the characteristics of which are described in literature published to date. The findings presented in the article support the view of cognitive psychologists (e.g. J. Beck) who interpret narcissism as a 'defective cognitive scheme'. However, given the scope of the phenomenon measured in the Czech Republic (narcissistic features can be observed approximately from the eighth decile), narcissism cannot still be viewed as just a marginal and pathological phenomenon. On the contrary, it is necessary to approach it as a phenomenon that has a strong social aspect and also plays a significant role in how modern society functions. In the Czech population narcissistic features are most often observed among the young generation (aged 18-29), childless, singles and people living in communities with more than 5000 inhabitants. As well as identifying narcissism as a socio-cultural phenomenon the article also demonstrates the relationship between the observed phenomenon and homosexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the issue of the genderedness of the philosophical canon. In the theoretical part of the article the author gives evidence of the constructed nature of the philosophical canon, which in the EuroAmerican space is clearly androcentric. She summarises criticism to date of the philosophical canon by feminist historians of philosophy and describes the results of their research, which is directed at several areas: uncovering forgotten women philosophers of the past; analysing philosophers' views on gender; identifying the genderedness of basic philosophical categories; criticising the dualism that characterises modern philosophical discourse; and finally, making various reinterpretations of the concepts of past philosophers. Each of these approaches has particular potential and limitations, which the author seeks to identify. In the second part of the article the author presents the results of her analysis of philosophy textbooks and books on the history of philosophy published in the Czech Republic after 1990. She conducted her' analysis by comparing information on women philosophers contained in the texts of the selected books with the information available in other literature (mainly English). She also employed the typological method, and she identified five 'strategies' of marginalisation of women philosophers, whereby textbooks used at Czech universities contribute to maintaining the existing philosophical canon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The starting point of the article is a thesis about typological likeness of the founders of Czech and Slovak sociologies (Ştefánek a Masaryk) who rather than being academic sociologists were "action sociologists" focused on the sociology of small nations. Slovak sociology partly cultivated Ştefánek's heritage but in the 1960s set out on its own course in a close cooperation with Czech sociology and eventually with world sociology as well. The article pays close attention to conflicts of interest between audacious Slovak sociologists and totalitarian ideological power. Obviously, author relies on his own personal experience and contacts since a synthetic and critical assessment of the development of Slovak sociology between 1969 and 2009 is still unavailable. He appreciates the courage to develop unconventional theoretical topics and also the fact that Slovak sociological journal Sociológia was open - according to possibilities in that period - even for those Czech sociologists (Možný, StŘítecký, Petrusek and others) who were in the Czech lands formally excommunicated from sociology. After the establishing of independent states in 1993 the development of sociology in both countries took off for different directions, which shall be comparatively analysed in the immediate future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]