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The research article aims to contribute to the discussion on the process of Europeanization of collective memory. We examine the relationship between non/reflexive memory approaches and cross-border cooperation (CBC) in the triangle Euroregions Nisa and Šumava. We assume that key local agents of CBC defend dialogic remembering approach, therefore contribute to the process of horizontal Europeanization. To test this assumption, we conducted a questionnaire survey with 79 mayors and 52 semi-structured interviews with various agents in CBC in all sides of both Euroregions. Collected statistic data were analysed through the use of crosstabulation. In the interviews were identified multiple discourses on the historical conflicts and CBC. We interpreted both quantitative and qualitative data using the concept of the active border [Müller 2014, 2018] and four models of dealing with the traumatic past [Assman 2010]. We found evidence that traumatic past ceases to be perceived as a barrier and becomes to be seen as a catalyst for CBC. In this process, the following factors were identified as most crucial: structural perception of memory, cross-border socialisation, attachment towards EU project and, above all, generational gap. We prove that the leading supporters of dialogic remembering are representatives of the middle-aged generation of mayors, for whom the re/construction of cross-border relationships have become a lifelong challenge.

Bonn Stuttering Therapy is stationary interval therapy for adolescents and adults. In addition to reducing the subsequent psychosocial problems by learning modification and fluency shaping techniques, this combination approach also includes comprehensive measures for transfer support and relapse prevention. The individual therapy modules are presented and their implementation is explained. The superior effectiveness of this patient-oriented therapeutic approach is proven by a survey of the long-term therapeutic effects in linguistic and personal terms. In terms of organisational form and duration of treatment, Bonn Stuttering Therapy is a unique offer of therapy in Germany, which is primarily intended for severe and severely affected stutterers.

This article presents an interpretation of Vladimir Nabokov’s story “The Vane Sisters” in the light of Jan Mukařovský’s concepts of semantic gesture and unintentionality (nezáměrnost). At the same time, medial implications of Nabokov’s text are recognized, forcing a certain modification of the aforementioned concepts, taking into account the phenomenon of medial self-reflectivity.

This article points to the interdisciplinary overlap of literary and journalistic work by Albert Camus and political philosophy. Unfortunately, political thoughts that represent a significant aspect of his work are often overshadowed by the exaggerated appeal of many interprets and literary critics to the philosophy of absurdity and its existential dimension. The article proposes the interpretative framework of human nature as a unifying element between the concepts of absurd and revolt, and uses it to assess Camus’s moderate political position. The article concludes that Camus’s works can be useful in considering the necessary conditions for political discussion and interpersonal dialogue, and in highlighting the importance of literature within this dialogue. — — — —

This study aims to reconstruct the impact of information theory (and cybernetics) on literary theory (semiotics) during the 1950s and 1960s, as well as the directions in which the same paradigm came to inspire 1960s Czech experimental poetry. Given the limitations of information theory vis-à-vis some crucial questions of communication, what was the foundation of this inspiration? The first part of the study concentrates on various important modifications of the paradigm in the context of information aesthetics (Max Bense), information poetics (Umberto Eco) and structuralist literary theory (Miroslav Červenka). The second part explores the position of the ‘information’ current within the context of 1960s Czech experimental poetry, including its avant-garde antecedents. The third part focuses on the experimental texts of Zdeněk Barborka, whose work is notable for being situated at the crossroads of several different tendencies. Finally, the study raises the question concerning the deeper implications of the ‘information moment’, with the suggestion that they might be found in the context of the development of media (communication) technologies as well as the genealogy of the media discourse, which emerges at this ‘moment’ from its prehistory to enter into its actual historical phase.

The study aims to show how the short stories by Franz Kafka, proverbially challenging with respect to the modern idea of narrative coherence, can be fruitfully read with the help of premodern paradigms and with regard to their medial aspects. In the first part, the authors examine the affinities between Kafka's authorial practices and the pre-Guttenbergian situation. On the material plane, both Kafka and medieval producers create an environment where various manuscript versions of the text exist in parallel and individual fragments are autonomous. We must also note the status of the fragment in Kafka as part of the temporal continuity created by both writing and life. The oft-noted absurdity of Kafka's texts can be validly interpreted as stemming from the "postreligious attitude", where residuals of the medieval idea of divinely sanctioned meaning are transferred into the secular, post-Cartesian world. The second part is focused on Kafka's first published book, Contemplation (Betrachtung, 1912), and two competing modes of coherence: the temporal coherence of a human life that proceeds towards its termination against the spatial coherence of the human body. The first mode relates to the countryside and eventually prevails over the second one, artificial and urban. The scars and wrinkles inscribed in the human face remind the reader of the external force of time, serving a purpose similar to the physical traces of saintly intervention in medieval miracle stories. It is, however, the new status of writing (especially handwriting) in the new media situation that brings the evidence of the body and textual evidence back to close proximity – again, a feature uniting the medieval condition and Kafka's modernity. Descriptions, especially those of gestures – with roots in the Yiddish theatre, open the texture of Kafka's fiction, providing key clues of sense and disorienting at the same time. Finally, the authors turn to The Judgment (Das Urteil, 1913) and present Georg's final suicidal jump as a modern instance of an ordeal ("Gottesurteil"). The world of The Judgment implodes as rhetorical structures inherent to the "text of a quarrel" permeate it. Significantly, however, Georg's death or survival is withheld from us. Considering the final destiny of the protagonist's body might enable readers to establish a coherent meaning of the story and see through all the rhetorical traps set inside. The challenge to coherence posed in the text continues – in reading rather than perpetuity

Programy terapie dobrodružstvím patří mezi jeden z prostředků práce s klienty v terapeutických komunitách pro drogově závislé. Příspěvek představuje dílčí výsledky empirické části studentského grantového projektu. Cílem je na základě kvantitativního výzkumu zjistit, zda dochází ke změnám sebepojetí u klientů šesti terapeutických komunit pro drogově závislé v České republice v rámci terapie dobrodružstvím. Výzkumné šetření je realizováno dotazníkovou metodou ve 3 etapách: před programem, po jeho uskutečnění a znovu po čtrnácti dnech po absolvování terapie dobrodružstvím. Výzkumný vzorek je tvořen sto klienty vybraných terapeutických komunit. Výsledky Friedmanova testu ukazují statisticky významné změny v oblasti self-efficacy, ve vnímání fyzické kondice a sportovních kompetencí. Tyto výsledky ukazují na smysluplnost zařazování programů do práce s klienty v terapeutických komunitách.

The Bellum Hispaniense is for the most part considered in scholarship only with respect to textual and linguistic problems and in relation to its deficit in literary qualities. Through a close reading, the present paper analyses the representation of space in this third and last of the pseudo-Caesarian Bella and interprets it in the historiographical context of the Late Republic. It aims to demonstrate that the younger Gnaeus Pompeius’ military strategy in the area of Spain – the occupation of locations on higher ground – is semantically loaded as a ‘barbarian strategy’ and so stands all the more strongly in contrast to the virtus of the Caesarians.

In this article, the question of the specific logic underlying the New Historical conception of the relation between text and context leads, first, to the exploration of the extent to which Stephen Greenblatt builds his analysis of the English Renaissance theatre on Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological conception of general economy of practices and symbolic goods. It is shown, secondly, how the New Historical latent conception of symbolic economy is built on the precondition of heteronomy of different social and cultural fields in the early modern period. Also, it is pointed out how New Historicism develops a self-reflective strategy within its historical epistemology by incorporating itself into the tradition of cultural critique born in the context of the “conquest” of the New World whereby a category of cultural difference was generated. Thirdly, both conceptions of symbolic economy (Bourdieu’s and Greenblatt’s) are compared to the project of Georges Bataille of “accursed share”, developed in the 1930’s and 1940’s, and his outline of a peculiar logic of general economy, which negates the very foundations of economic thinking. It is explained how all three conceptions are based on Marcel Mauss’s “discovery” of the economy of gift in archaic societies (later critiques of Mauss’s interpretation of the ethnographic material are taken into account). Bataille’s perspective of general economy is followed, where various historical societies face the problem of surplus and where the consumption of excessive resources acquires different forms of creativity in art, and destructivity in war and sacrifice. Bataille’s “delirant vision” (Goux) is taken as providing a possible critical angle on the limits of the “symbolic economies” of New Historicism and Bourdieu’s sociology not only as their analytical tools, but also as part of their own foundations as scholarly projects. Finally, the New Historical relation to the rhetorical tradition is understood as a moment whereby the limits of its symbolic economy (its subordination to the logic of capital accumulation) might be paradoxically transcended.

This paper aims to examine ethnic identity of Albanians both inside and outside of Albania. This paper is based on field research and qualitative research conducted in Albania and Kosovo. The paper follows several basic ethnic differentiation characters and their relevance in the construction of ethnic identities selected groups living in Albania and Kosovo. The work is focused on the question of language, religion, historical memory, politics, ethnic stereotypes and perceptions of ethnic itself.

The process of globalization is a challenge, which demands answers beyond pure economic reasoning. It includes an ethic perspective as a fundament of worldwide cooperation and solidarity. First, the change of world trade under the conditions of globalization will be sketched. A particular problem is the weakening of the rules of the World Trade Organization by numerous regional trade treaties. The Catholic Social Teaching offers some helpful guidelines on the way to a humane world economy. In the light of it, the last paragraph discusses the actual arguments pro and contra on the planned Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).

At first sight, the work of Albert Camus appears to be readily interpretable. However, it is the literary and unsystematic nature of the expression of thoughts that causes different understandings of his texts. It is no wonder that many authors point out to the Camus’s philosophical inconsistencies. In this paper I focus on several interpretations of Camus’s texts, which I consider to be inaccurate. This is, particularly, the critique of “happy Sisyphus” by Eva Beránková in the afterword of Czech edition of The Myth of Sisyphus, but also documentary film Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life by the famous biologist Richard Dawkins. In the context of Irvin Yalom’s reflection on the happiness and meaning of life, I point out that even the recognition of the therapeutic potential of literary-existential texts is not clear.

The aim of this article is to propose an interpretation and a critical assessment of institutional culture and its transformation in the Czech historical context. The framework of the analysis covers four succeeding nation-forming periods, from the mid-19th century up until the present day. It draws upon a sociological interpretation of the visual fact depicting a memorial of statehood, which was erected in 1919 in the village of Dolní Černošice. The analysis is further based on seven semistructured interviews with local councillors (from Černošice), on the quantitative questioner, and on participant observation. Silhouetted against the interpretation of the statehood memorial, the article attempts to answer questions regarding the main determinants of the transformation of institutional culture by drawing upon the dynamics of the relationships between the public and private spheres, their configurations and implications. The article contends that historically rooted asymmetries between the public and private spheres, which were embedded in the emancipation process of modern Czech society, have been greatly strengthened by the Communist period. In the post-communist period, institutional culture in the Czech Republic has been characterised by a high degree of institutional distrust and public stigmatisation of politics, as well as by a weakly developed virtue of (cognitive and political) opposition which is imbued with a discernible disrespect for discursive civic culture. A system of civic education is urgently needed if Czechs want to overcome the ominous deficits of their institutional culture.

Both texts present a systematic survey of two elementary analytical categories of Structuralist thought — binarity and opposition, especially in their semionarratological implications. In “Binarity”, one structuralist version of binary analysis is described as a decomposition “of the continuum of the observed world along universal relational axes constituting logical oppositions (contradictions). An inventory of elementary binary oppositions is established, which form a paradigmatic matrix of the observed area and structure is as a relational system or network”. Within this method an apriori aspect can be sometimes distinguished when an elementary binary logical structure is assumed as a universal principle underlying the multiplicity of observable phenomena. According to another, yet different conception, used in the context of artificial linguistic simulations and computing, binarity is understood as a principle of reversible de/composition of code based on two elementary signals or elements (formalized, for instance, as +/- or 0/1), which makes further combinatorial descriptions and operations of the system possible. The genesis of binary method, beginning with G. W. Leibniz’s binary code on one hand and Ferdinand de Saussure’s structural linguistics on the other, is followed, including Trubetzkoy’s and Jakobson’s phonology, Claude Lévi-Strauss’s ethnology, Greimas’s structural semantics and ending with the fundamental critique of binarism formulated by Jacques Derrida through his notion of différance and his descriptions of temporalization of structure. In “Opposition”, Trubetzkoy’s non-binary oppositions (gradual, equipollent, isolated, ternary, n-ary oppositions) within phonology, Greimas’s semiotic square (two types of binary oppositions: contradiction, contrariety or Mukařovský’s notions of dynamic antinomies within functionalstructuralist aesthetics are further taken into account.

As a result of development and expansion of neuroimaging techniques in diverse areas of research, scientists started to pay attention to phenomena that were formerly studied within disciplines like economics, psychology or social philosophy. Recently, neuroeconomics is quite ambitious research project, which aims to explain not only the mechanisms of economic decision-making, but also of such social phenomena as cooperation, fairness and trust. The aim of this article is to introduce this new discipline not only in the context of its genesis and in relation to its main assumptions, but also in the context of its unsolved problems. The last part of this article deals with the issue of cooperation in order to show that neuroscience can contribute to the understanding of this area of social philosophy.

Formulas are an effective means for communication in physics. Most teachers would agree, however, that novices tend to be deterred by formulas. Up to now, this common belief has never been substantiated by quantitative research. Here we report on an attempt to identify and quantify the variables that govern the appraisal of physical formulas. In an empirical study, 684 secondary school and university students were asked to indicate for 38 formulas to which extent they perceive the formula as deterring. The result is surprisingly simple. We are able to model the responses with only a single variable: the length of the formula. An explicit model equation (saturating exponential) to fit the data can be given.

Research of rationality represents area of interaction between philosophy and economics. Development of neuroscience and advances in scientific research lead to another common characteristic – gradual loss of competence to comment on results of scientific research. This article describes development of the concept of economic rationality and makes an effort to deal with the following question: Can philosophy play useful role in contemporary discussions about the nature of decision-making and rationality? The authors conclude that philosophy itself does not have any extraordinary method which is able to ensure an exclusive position within the contemporary research. The role of philosophy consists in analyzing arguments, explanations of terms, in the search for ethical consequences, or in the preparation of social sciences to naturalization through critical evaluation of obsolete approaches that are inconsistent with the findings of natural science.

Tato studie představuje fenomén lobbyingu v kontextu koherentní obecné teorie občanské společnosti a analyzuje příčiny a důsledky problematického přijímání lobbyingu společností v České republice. Úvodem je představeno jádro teorie občanské společnosti. Jde o pokus o komplementární přístup k normativní teorii občanské společnosti. Ve druhé části je uveden fenomén lobbyingu a jeho hlavní formy a funkce v liberální politice. Třetí část je historickou analýzou příčin problematického přijímání lobbyingu v ČR. To je podmíněno specifickým charakterem politické kultury, jenž spočívá především v přetrvávajícím centralisticko-byrokratickém pojetí veřejného zájmu a politiky, jež se liší od liberálního pojetí. V této souvislosti hovoříme o tzv. deficitním pojetí politiky či o demokratickém deficitu. Ve čtvrté části se snažíme porozumět některým důsledkům a rezonancím defi citního pojetí politiky a konečně v páté části se pokoušíme na pozadí navržené teorie občanské společnosti poukázat na dílčí opatření podporující rozvoj občanské společnosti v ČR, jež se snaží redukovat negativní důsledky deficitního pojetí politiky a předcházet z něj vyplývajícím nebezpečím skrytého lobbyingu, klientelismu a korupce. V závěrečném shrnutí provádíme stručné srovnání se zahraniční praxí.

Sredi aprila 1990. leta je SAZU izdala nova pravopisna pravila slovenskega knjižnega jezika (dalje SP 90).

Prvi del članka prinaša nekatere neznane oz. točnejše podatke iz življenja, zlasti pa iz študija in službovanja Jakoba Šolarja in Staneta Suhadolnika, v drugem delu pa sta objavljeni in komentirani dve Suhadolnikovi pismi in Šolarjev odgovor na drugo pismo.

P. P. Vergerij (1498-1565) je za slovensko literarno zgodovino in jezikoslovje sporna osebnost.

Na ozadju jezikovnega nesoglasja med Petrom Pavlom Vergerijem ml. in Primožem Trubarjem obravnava članek zgodovino sopomenk folk, ljudstvo in narod, in sicer na osnovi prevodov Svetega pisma, slovarjev slovenskega jezika in Brižinskih spomenikov.

Na ozadju razlik med jezikovnimi načeli Trubarja 1555 in Vergerij a 1555 obravnava članek v prvem delu prevedke grškega rsrpaâpxriç v Mt 14,1, Lk 3.19; 9,7, Apd 13,1 ter Tsrpaapxéco v Lk 3,1, kar vse Vulgata prevaja s tetrarcha, v 33 slovenskih prevodih med letoma 1555 in 1997in jih primerja s 30 modernimi prevodi 16 evropskih jezikov, v drugem delu pa je prikazana besedilna in slovarska zgodovina 15 izrazno različnih slovenskih prevedkov.

Ivan Navratil je objavil nemško-slovenski in slovensko-nemški pravni slovarček tri leta pred izidom Juridisch-politische Terminologie, za katero so bili slovenski izrazi sprejeti - čeprav še ne urejeni - že leta 1849, kar je Navratil vedel.

V članku so številčno obdelane vse Trubarjeve besede z odrazi glasov ô/o/ô/o in ë, navedene v Riglerjevih Začetkih 1968 in njegovi Problematiki 1977, dodani pa so podatki za primere, pri katerih Rigler navaja le po 1 ali dva zgleda ali pa primer samo omenja.

Jurij Japelj provided data that clearly shows that the eighteenth-century Ljubljana dialect used the reflex u: for circumflexed o: and neoacute-stressed o with early lengthening, which agrees with Jakob Rigler’s theory of the historical basis of standard Slovenian phonology.

In German Holstein population a very signifi cant QTL with effects on milk yield trait (MY) was mapped on chromosome 6 and 20 to the interval BM143–ILSTS97 and AGLA29–ILSTS72, respectively. Where, three markers BM143, FBN13 and ILSTS97 on chromosome 6 and two markers AGLA29 and ILSTS72 on chromosome 20 were associated with highly signifi cant effects (P

The aim of this article is to propose an interpretation and a critical assessment of institutional culture and its transformation in the Czech historical context. The framework of the analysis covers four succeeding nation-forming periods, from the mid-19th century up until the present day. It draws upon a sociological interpretation of the visual fact depicting a memorial of statehood, which was erected in 1919 in the village of Dolní Černošice. The analysis is further based on seven semistructured interviews with local councillors (from Černošice), on the quantitative questioner, and on participant observation. Silhouetted against the interpretation of the statehood memorial, the article attempts to answer questions regarding the main determinants of the transformation of institutional culture by drawing upon the dynamics of the relationships between the public and private spheres, their configurations and implications. The article contends that historically rooted asymmetries between the public and private spheres, which were embedded in the emancipation process of modern Czech society, have been greatly strengthened by the Communist period. In the post-communist period, institutional culture in the Czech Republic has been characterised by a high degree of institutional distrust and public stigmatisation of politics, as well as by a weakly developed virtue of (cognitive and political) opposition which is imbued with a discernible disrespect for discursive civic culture. A system of civic education is urgently needed if Czechs want to overcome the ominous deficits of their institutional culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to interpret the causes and consequences of strengthening or weakening public trust in representative bodies at local and central level in the Czech Republic. The author seeks to answer the questions why in the Czech Republic the public trust in municipal councils is significantly and consistently higher than trust in Parliament, and what implications from such a situation may arise for the efficiency and legitimacy of these institutions. Further the paper discusses issues of interconnectedness between institutional and interpersonal trust, and what tools or measures could be employed in order to protect and strengthen institutional efficiency and democratic legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reviews four books about the specifics of local democracy. Two of them focus on the Czech context only, the other two books present a large set of data from the comparative surveys of 15 European countries. The arguments of the review article are accompanied by preliminary findings of our own survey conducted in three selected Czech municipalities which represent (in our opinion) cases of progressive local governance. Structure, political culture and self-perception of local councillors across Europe are characterized by incredible variety. In comparison with the European average, the structure of local governance in the Czech Republic is extremely fragmented. European local politics is dominated by educated, nonpartisan and long-term residents; even more so in the Czech where local politics is also more masculine. The landscape of local councils in Europe oscillates between the idea of representative government (which slightly dominates), and the concept of participatory democracy. Czech councillors have a higher affinity with representative forms of democratic governance, but they also declaratorily support direct forms of public participation in decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper I want to explore the particular aspects of a European civil society: reflexive relations between construction of European public sphere, formation of transnational collective identities and politicization of the EU. The exploration is based on the complementary approach towards the civil society concept. Such approach draws mainly inspirations upon Tocqueville's social theory and Giddens' theory of reflexive modernization. The paper claims that relationships between Europeanized public spheres, political identities and the politicization of the EU present an intricate and crucial conundrum of a European civil society. I want to argue towards four specific hypotheses: 1) formation of European public sphere and Europeanization of public spheres in Europe are synergic and parallel processes; 2) these processes could be interpreted as a form of re/politicisation of public spheres across Europe; 3) Europeanization of public spheres is conducive for forming transnational collective identities; 4) politicisation of the EU leads towards Europeanization of public spheres and collective identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]