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Recenze: Richard Gruneau – John Horne (ed.): Mega-Events and Globalization. Capital and Spectacle in a Changing World Order. London – New York: Routledge, 2016, 233 s.

Effects of seasonal dynamics and silvicultural practice on ammonification of arginine, one of the proteinogenic amino acids, were assessed in surface organic H-horizon of three Norway spruce pure stands in medium altitudes (600 - 660 m a.s.l.). Contents of ammonium ions NH4+ measured monthly in the field and contents of NH4+ after laboratory incubation of these samples with arginine were taken as dependent variables in ANOVA and in linear regression model using generalised linear model. The aim of the analyses was to determine the significance of decomposition of this amino acid in H-horizon of forest soils and to determine categorical and continuous predictors which influence intensity of the ammonification. Laboratory experiments confirmed its close link to seasonal dynamics, as well as to forest management; however the last mentioned was firstly found as less significant when compared within whole season. As regards to seasonal dynamics in forest soils, the highest amount of ammonium ion was released in May and the lowest in July. As regards to the silvicultural practice applied, more ammonium ion was released under mature spruce monoculture, especially in August and May; in the young stands, the method of thinning had no effect on the ammonium ion release. However, the arginine ammonification was found to be influenced by ammonium nitrogen content (slight, less significant negative correlation) and by soil water content (stronger positive significance), especially in the stand with thinning from below. This was concluded to be caused by changes in stand microclimate in function of the silvicultural practice.

Florian Mildenberger – Jennifer Evans – Rüdiger Lautmann – Jakob Pastötter (eds.): Was ist Homosexualität? Forschungsgeschichte, gesellschafliche Entwicklungen und Perspektiven. Hamburg: Männerschwarm Verlag, 2014, 576 s.

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Medicine / Anesteziologie a Intenzivní Medicína is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper offers an overview of the work of Edward S. Casey focusing on his phe-nomenological approach to peripheral and interconnected phenomena such as place and glance. Casey shows how the glance enters the world as well as how the world responds to it. Focusing on glance therefore reveals a possible articulation of how the place becomes a phenomenon within a specific mode of perception and why it de-serves a phenomenological approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czecho-Slovak Pediatrics / Česko-Slovenská Pediatrie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since antiquity, the phenomenon of friendship has attracted the attention of philosophers, theologians and, most recently, also of the representatives of many others scientific disciplines. At the beginning of this study, which interconnects the findings of sociology, philosophy and anthropology with the historiographical approaches, the problems going with the attempt to define the concept of “friendship” are presented in a systematic way. Afterward, the article deals with the question in which way a long-term correspondence can be used for the analysis of the relationship between two historical protagonists who have been considered as friends. The interpretation problems and the possible methodological approaches in researching the friendship of two correspondents are illustrated on the large complex of the letters between Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Josef Svatopluk Machar. These letters come from 1893 to 1932 and are widely unknown for large public.

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the influence of laser cutting of oak wood on its drying process. The subject of the research was the comparison of the drying process and the quality of the dried wood in samples cut by classical technology (sawing) and samples cut with the use of laser. The research was carried out on two sets of samples which were subjected to an identical drying process. Continuous moisture loss and final moisture attained, moisture gradients before and after drying, and internal tensions before and after drying were monitored by means of the fork test and the cut-test. The final moisture content at the end of drying was 8.09% for the saw-cut samples and 8.22% for the laser-cut samples, a difference of only 0.13%. The analysis of the individual characteristics observed showed that the influence of the cutting technology did not have a significant effect on the drying process or the quality of the dried oak sawn timber.

Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are major health problems with potential serious outcomes. Acutely, pulmonary embolism may be fatal. In the long term, pulmonary hypertension can develop from recurrent pulmonary embolism. Often overlooked is post-thrombotic chronic venous insufficiency occurring as a result of deep venous thrombosis causing deep venous reflux or obstruction with skin changes and ulceration with adverse impact on quality of life and escalation of health care costs. Almost all hospitalized patients have at least one risk factor for venous thrombosis and approximately 40% have three or more risk factors. Without thromboprophylaxis, the incidence of objectively confirmed, hospital-acquired deep venous thrombosis is approximately 10 to 40% among medical or general surgical patients and 40 to 60% following major orthopedic surgery. Abundant data from metaanalysis and blinded, randomized clinical trials have demonstrated strong evidence that primary thromboprophylaxis reduces deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and little or no increase in the rates of clinically important bleeding with prophylactic doses of low-dose unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin or fondaparinuxem.

Anticoagulant therapy is one of the most common forms of medical intervention. It is the mainstay of prevention and treatment of thrombotic events. Omission of adequate anticoagulant prophylaxis at least for moderate-risk and high-risk patients is a widely recognized medical error. Bleeding is one of the most feared complications of anticoagulant therapy, and is a risk of all anticoagulants. Whereas unfractionated heparin and warfarin, the oldest and most widely used anticoagulants, have specific antidotes for their anticoagulant effect, many of the newer agents (direct and indirect inhibitors of coagulation factors Xa and/or IIa) do not have specific antidotes to reverse their actions. The use of novel anticoagulants is further complicated by a lack of easily available laboratory tests to measure their levels and thereby optimize their benefit and safety in clinical practice. In this review, we evaluate the risk of bleeding associated with current anticoagulants, review the data available on current and experimental agents used for the reversal of anticoagulation, and provide recommendations for the management of major bleeding associated with anticoagulant therapy and for the management of asymptomatic overdosing of the anticoagulants.

Background: The most frequent manifestations of heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation 8993 T > G are Leigh syndrome or NARP syndrome (Neurogenic Muscle Weakness, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa). The authors describe heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and results of biochemical and molecular analyses in seven severely clinically affected children from two unrelated families with heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation 8993 T > G., Methods and Results: Seven clinically affected children from two unrelated families were born in term after an uneventful pregnancy. The failure to thrive, psychomotor retardation, hypotonic or spastic quadruparesis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hepatopathy and hyperlactacidaemia developed after birth. Five children died in the first year of life during acute respiratory infection, one girl died at the age of 3 months with sudden death syndrome, only one boy with spastic quadruparesis and severe psychomotor retardation survived to the age of 8 years. Molecular analyses in all investigated children and their clinically non-affected mothers revealed the presence of heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation 8993 T > G. Mutated copies of mtDNA molecules in maternal tissues were in the range of 15-22%. The mutation load in all analysed children's tissues was higher than 90%., Conclusions: A broad spectrum of clinical symptoms may be observed in families with heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations 8993 T > G. Affected children with a mutation load higher than 90% usually do not survive after infancy. In both investigated families, a profound increase in the levels of heteroplasmy of mtDNA mutation 8993 T > G was observed in two subsequent generations.

Objective: Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency presents with severe impairment of brain, muscle or heart. Prenatal diagnosis in affected families is difficult because the disease may be caused by mutations in nuclear or mtDNA. This study shows the results of prenatal diagnosis in two families where the first child died because of a generalised COX defect. In both cases the low activity of COX was accompanied by a low content of the enzyme., Subjects: In the first family the amniocentesis was performed during the second pregnancy and cultured amniocytes showed a marked decrease of COX activity and ATP production. Based on decision of the parents the pregnancy was terminated. Analysis of the foetal tissues confirmed a generalised COX defect. In the second family the nuclear origin of the COX defect was found using transmitochondrial cybrids derived from COX-deficient fibroblasts of the affected child. In the successive pregnancy with dizygotic twins a combined amniocentesis and chorionic villi biopsy has been performed. Prenatal diagnosis was based in both foetuses on three independent approaches. COX activity, the ATP production and protein content of COX complex was measured in cultivated foetal cells. The results of all investigations excluded a putative COX defect and both children are healthy at the age of 2 and half years., Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis of COX disorders is available in families with the generalised form of the disease based on a nuclear origin of COX deficiency. Three independent approaches to characterise COX at a functional, enzymatic and protein level may be used.

Leigh's syndrome--subacute necrotizing encephalomyopathy--is a serious disease of child age manifested by severe psychomotor retardation, a varied neurological symptomatology, a typically symmetrical neuropathological affection of the central nervous system in the area of the basal ganglia and a metabolic disorder affecting the energy system of cells. The authors describe the clinical course of the disease and the results of metabolic and neuropathological investigations in an infant with Leigh's syndrome and severe lactate acidosis based on deficiency of complex I activity of the respiratory chain.