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Due to the role of the human factor in traffic accidents and the effort to prevent these accidents, it is necessary to distinguish between different forms of risk behaviour of drivers and their different psychological causes (motives). The aim of this study is to prepare and experimentally verify the reliability and factor validity of the Czech version of the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) and provide orientational norms for the population of Czech drivers. In addition, predictors of individual factors of driving behaviour are discussed, which define groups of drivers showing a tendency towards specific types of driving behaviour. This article also deals with practical impacts in relation to driver training, assessment, preventive measures and driver's assistance systems in the vehicle. Sample and setting. The original 50-item version of the DBQ questionnaire was translated and subsequently adapted to the population of Czech drivers. The study involved a total of 2,684 Czech drivers, of which 1,791 were men and 893 were women. Statistical analysis. Responses to all 50 items were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results. The results confirm that DBQ can be modeled as a two-factor method where the first factor can be described as unintentional driving mistakes, the other as deliberate committing of traffic offenses. Of all tested models, the best fit was observed using a shortened 36-item version of the questionnaire. Omega coefficients for both scales exceeded 0.85. The limitation of this study, which has to be taken into the account especially when dealing with the norms, is age structure of the research sample, when young drivers are dominant and drivers older 65 years are represented rarely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the HEXACO six-factor personality model, the personality is best described by six dimensions. These are: Honesty-humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to experience. The authors of the model - Michael C. Ashton and Kibeom Lee, refer to the possibility of a more differentiated depiction of personality structure and provide an alternative to other respected factorial models. While the sixfactor model is commonly used in Canada and in the USA, in the Czech Republic it is not. In the research, we strived to determine the basic parameters of the Czech version of the six-dimension method. Furthermore, we aimed to validate the HEXACO model structure using exploratory factor analysis. The participants consisted of 760 college students (221 males and 539 females) from more than 20 universities of the Czech Republic (e.g. Charles University in Prague, Masaryk University, Palacký University in Olomouc). The 100-item Personality Inventory HEXACOPI-R was used for measurement. It is self-report instrument that assesses the six major dimensions of personality. The internal-consistency reliabilities (Cronbach's alpha) for the HEXACO-PI-R scales were high. The reliabilities ranged from .76 (Openness to Experience) to .88 (Extraversion) at the factor level. The 24 facet scales in the HEXACO-PI-R were submitted to a principal axis factor analysis. When these factors were rotated to a Varimax solution, a simple factor structure emerged (the sizes of the corresponding factor loading were big, ranging from .46 to .73). The mutual correlations among the six factor-level scales were low. The highest correlation (r = .28) was found between Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness. Discriminant validity was established. While the six dimensions of the HEXACO model showed high levels of the Cronbach's alpha, some of the facet-level scales were low. Particularly the facet-levels of Openness to Experience seem a little problematic; alpha ranges from .40 (Unconventionality) to .62 (Aesthetic appreciation). But in general, Openness to Experience is the most controversial dimension in terms of the content interpretation. Ongoing work with the Czech translation of the items covered by this dimension is needed. To compare the two structures, the Czech and the original Canadian, we used the congruence calculation. It ranges from .93 (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality) to .96 (Conscientiousness). The Canadian and Czech factor structure show a high level of correspondence. Further work with the model should consider the critical comments concerning for example the inhomogeneous identification of the Honesty-Humility factor in different languages (De Raad et al., 2010). The Czech version of 100-item HEXACO-PI-R seems to be usable in our socio-culture conditions regarding its high Cronbach's alpha, the validated six-factor model structure and the established discriminant validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The study was aimed: (a) to analyse the effect of two independent variables (professional orientation grounded in the RIASEC model, and sex) on the NEO-FFI scores and the self-report questionnaires of domain-specific creativity (K-DOCS and CAQ); (b) to verify six hypotheses based on previous research; (c) to find out the internal consistency of Czech translation of the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale; (d) to analyse the factor structure of Czech translation of the K-DOCS using EFA, and to compare it with the original version of the questionnaire. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of 950 students mostly from Palacký University in Olomouc. Women comprised 75% of the sample. Participants filled in inventories using web application specifically prepared for the research. Statistical analysis. Cronbach's alfa was used as an estimate of the internal consistency of Czech version of the K-DOCS. Its five-factor structure was verified using EFA. The effects of vocational interests and sex on the dependent variables were explored by MANOVA, ANOVA, and Tukey's test. Results. EFA supported preposition that Czech translation of the K-DOCS has similar five factor structure as its original version. Students with the artistic vocational interests are significantly higher on neuroticism than the innovative, social and enterprising ones. I-STEM types scored higher than other groups on the K-DOCS scale of Mechanical/Science, and lower on the scale of Self/Everyday. The artistic types were higher than other groups on the CAQ domains of Performance, Music and Creative writing. Female students scored higher than male ones on the K-DOCS scales of Self/Everyday and Artistic creativity. Men were higher than women on the K-DOCS scales of Mechanical/Science, and Scholarly. They also scored higher than women on the CAQ scales of Humor, Invention, and Science. Study limitation. The study was realised at Moravian universities. In a research sample, there was greater proportion of women (75%) than men. Data were collected using web application. Effect of the realistic and conventional vocational interests on dependent variables was not examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The study was aimed: (a) to verify the factor structure of Czech translations of the Baron-Cohen's inventories AQ, SQ, and EQ; (b) to explore the differences in autistic features, level of empathy and systemizing between the exact sciences and humanities students, and between men and women; (c) to find possible correlation among the scores in Baron-Cohen's questionnaires and five general personality dimensions, measured by NEO-FFI. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of 268 students from the Faculty of Science PU and 349 students from the Philosophical Faculty PU in Olomouc. Women comprised 75% of the sample. Participants filled in inventories using web application specifically prepared for the research. Statistical analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factor structure of the Baron-Cohen's inventories. Effects of gender, field of study, and their interaction on dependant variables were explored by ANOVA. The relationships between measured variables were examined by Pearson's correlation. The potential bias of repeated testing was corrected by Bonferroni's method. Results. CFA confirmed the four-factor model of SQ, and the three-factor model of EQ. It also revealed support for the five-factor model of AQ. The exact sciences students scored significantly higher on the Systemizing Quotient than humanities students. Women are significantly higher than men on the Empathy Quotient and lower on the Systemizing Quotient. The autistic features, measured by AQ, negatively correlate with NEO-FFI dimension Extraversion and positively with Neuroticism. The level of empathy appeared to correspond to the Extraversion. AQ correlated negatively with EQ. Study limitation. The study was realised at two faculties of one Moravian university. There was a greater proportion of women (75%) than men in the research sample. Data were collected using web application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of the hierarchy of the sciences has a strong tradition especially in the sociology of science. It is shown that organisations of sciences according to various criteria are very similar: "hard", exact and theoretical disciplines are always placed at one end of the continuum, and "soft", social or applied sciences at the other end. The aim of this study is to find connections between a position of a science at the hierarchy and personality traits of its representatives. The research sample consists of 132 experts from Palacký University in Olomouc who have been administrated three personality inventories (NEO-FFI, PSSI, SSI). The results suggest that representatives of the "soft sciences" incline to extraversion, openness to experience, and emotional expressivity more than representatives of the exact disciplines. "Soft sciences " experts also score relatively high on the PSSI-scale ambitious/narcissistic and endearing/histrionic style, and low on the PSSI-scale reserved/schizoid style. Research findings are interpreted in the context of Baron-Cohen E-S theory and the psychology of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The study was aimed to explore the differences in social intelligence and personality styles in representatives of the exact and human sciences teaching at Palacký University in Olomouc and between male and female research participants. Subjects and methods. The research sample consisted of 107 experts from the Faculty of Science of PU and 78 representatives of the human sciences from the Philosophical Faculty and the Faculty of Theology of PU who were administrated the Czech translation of the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) and the Czech version of the Inventory of Personality Styles and Disorders (PSSI). Hypotheses. The following hypotheses were verified: Experts in human sciences score significantly higher than experts in exact sciences on the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) total scale. Female research participants have significantly higher scores than males on the SSI total scale. Experts in exact sciences are significantly higher than representatives of human sciences on the PSSI-scale reserved/schizoid style. Statistical analysis. The Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, the Levene test for equality of variance, the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U-test were used. Results. Experts in human sciences did not score significantly higher than experts in exact sciences on the SSI total scale. Female research participants received significantly higher scores than males on this scale. Experts in exact sciences were not significantly higher than representatives of human sciences on the PSSI-scale reserved/ schizoid style. Study limitation. The small and non-representative research sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When developing the evidence-based system for Zulliger inkblot test (ZTT), the first objective is to create conditions allowing us to define psychometrically relevant evaluation procedures and validate the conclusions of interpretation. The adequacy of psychometric evaluation and validity of interpretations are significantly influenced by the number of responses provided to the stimulant material. The aim of the present study is therefore to verify the possibility of standardization of the total number of responses by comparing the influence of three various types of instructions on the total number of provided responses and the selected scoring variable. The study was conducted on a group of 45 respondents (5 men and 40 women) aged between 19 and 33. These were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was given ZTT with different instructions: the traditional instruction for ZTT (Michal, 1998), the instruction according to Comprehensive System (CS) for ZTT (Mattlar et al., 1993), and the instruction based on the R-optimized principle developed by authors of this study. The data analysis employed description statistics, Kendall´s correlation coefficient, the Brown-Forsythe test and K-Sample Anderson-Darling Test. The results showed that all instruction types resulted in a sufficient number of responses; however, only the R-optimized instruction provided a standardized number of responses. A correlation between the number of responses and some of the observed variables was identified in the case of the traditional instruction for ZTT and the instruction according to CS for ZTT. The obtained results suggest that the R-optimized instruction is particularly beneficial for the new evidence-based approach. The limitation of the study is the small sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to verify the factor structure of the Czech translation of Self-Curiosity Attitude-Interest Scale (SCAI) in Czech grammar schools, students and to explore reliability of the scale. Curiosity about self was initially conceptualized as the desire that people have to explore and understand themselves and their psychological functioning beyond what they already know about themselves. Sample and setting. A total of 2356 Czech adolescents, aged 15-19, who studied grammar school participated in the study. The research sample consisted of 1406 female students and 950 male students. The sample covered 2,75% of the Czech adolescent population at grammar schools. Statistical analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factor structure of the Self-Curiosity Attitude-Interest Scale. Omega coefficients were used as the estimates of reliability. Results. CFA confirmed two-factor structure of the Czech version of Self-Curiosity Attitude-Interest Scale. Reliability reaches a value of 0.72. Study limitation. The construct validity of the SCAI-CZ was taken over from the study published by the authors of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]